// Initialize the terrain layers which define the detail textures which are painted onto
// the terrain.
// The materials are blended based on the terrain heights and slopes.
private void InitializeTerrainLayers(ContentManager content)
{
var materialGravel = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Specular"),
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.246f, 1 / 0.205f, 1 / 0.171f) * new Vector3F(0.042f, 0.039f, 0.027f),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 512,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialGravel);
var materialGrass = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Specular"),
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(0.17f, 0.20f, 0.11f),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024,
TerrainHeightMin = -1000,
TerrainHeightMax = 40,
TerrainSlopeMin = -1,
TerrainSlopeMax = 0.3f,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialGrass);
var materialGrassDry = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Specular"),
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(0.15f, 0.18f, 0.12f),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024,
TerrainHeightMin = -1000,
TerrainHeightMax = 60,
TerrainHeightBlendRange = 10,
TerrainSlopeMin = 0.3f,
TerrainSlopeMax = 0.4f,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialGrassDry);
var materialRock = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Specular"),
HeightTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Height"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024 * 10,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.12f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(2),
SpecularPower = 100,
TerrainHeightMin = -1000,
TerrainHeightMax = 1000,
TerrainHeightBlendRange = 20,
TerrainSlopeMin = 0.5f,
TerrainSlopeMax = 3,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialRock);
var materialRockDetail = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Specular"),
HeightTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Height"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.13f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(0.5f),
SpecularPower = 20,
Alpha = 0.7f,
FadeOutStart = 4,
FadeOutEnd = 6,
TerrainHeightMin = -1000,
TerrainHeightMax = 1000,
TerrainHeightBlendRange = 10,
TerrainSlopeMin = 0.5f,
TerrainSlopeMax = 3,
BlendHeightInfluence = 1,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialRockDetail);
var materialSnow = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Specular"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 512,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(1),
SpecularPower = 100,
TerrainHeightMin = 60,
TerrainHeightMax = 1000,
TerrainHeightBlendRange = 1,
TerrainSlopeMin = -1,
TerrainSlopeMax = 0.5f,
TerrainSlopeBlendRange = 0.1f,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialSnow);
}
// Initialize the terrain layers which define the detail textures which are painted onto
// the terrain.
private void InitializeTerrainLayers(ContentManager content)
{
// The appearance of each terrain tile can be specified using layers. Each layer usually
// specifies one material type, e.g. grass, rock, snow. Layers can also be used to add
// decals or roads to the terrain, which is demonstrated in other samples.
for (int row = 0; row < 2; row++)
{
for (int column = 0; column < 2; column++)
{
var terrainTile = _tiles[row, column].TerrainTile;
string tilePostfix = "-" + row + "-" + column; // e.g. "-0-1"
// This first layer contains only a base tint texture which is visible where no other
// detail material layers are rendered (e.g. in the distance).
var tintTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Tint" + tilePostfix);
var baseColorLayer = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(baseColorLayer);
// The tiling of the detail textures can be visible and unattractive in the distance.
// To avoid this, we can fade-out the detail material layers.
int fadeOutStart = 4; // The fade-out starts in clipmap level 4.
int fadeOutEnd = 6; // The fade-out ends in clipmap level 6, which means the layer is
// not drawn into the detail clipmap levels >= 6.
// Add a gravel texture which covers the whole terrain near the camera and fades
// out in the distance.
var materialGravel = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
// The tiling detail material textures.
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Specular"),
// The size of one tile in world space units.
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 512,
// The diffuse detail texture is multiplied with the tint texture.
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1.0f,
// The diffuse color is set to 1 / average texture color. This turns the average
// detail texture color and conserve the color of the tint texture.
// (To determine the average color manually: Load the texture in a image-processing
// tool, like GIMP. Blur the texture until it is one solid color. Pick the color using
// a color picker tool. If the image-processing tool uses sRGB, then convert the color
// to linear RGB: colorLinear = colorSRgb^2.2)
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.246f, 1 / 0.205f, 1 / 0.171f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(0.5f),
SpecularPower = 20,
FadeOutStart = fadeOutStart,
FadeOutEnd = fadeOutEnd,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialGravel);
// Over the gravel we add a layer of grass.
// A blend texture contains a mask which defines where the grass is visible.
// The blend range determines how quickly the width of the transition between grass
// and the underlying layers.
float blendRange = 0.6f;
var materialGrass = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Grass-Dry-Specular"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.25f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(1),
SpecularPower = 20,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Grass" + tilePostfix),
// The blend texture can contain a blend mask in each channel (R, G, B or A).
// Use the red channel (channel 0)
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = blendRange,
FadeOutStart = fadeOutStart,
FadeOutEnd = fadeOutEnd,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialGrass);
// Side note: Terrain layers can also be defined using .drmat files:
//terrainTile.Layers.Add(new TerrainMaterialLayer(content.Load<Material>("Terrain/MyLayerMaterial")));
// Let's add a layer of sand. Sand occurs only in the tiles 1/0 and 1/1.
if (row == 1)
{
var materialSand = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Sand-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Sand-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Sand-Specular"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 512,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1f,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.429f, 1 / 0.347f, 1 / 0.275f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(10),
SpecularPower = 50,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Sand" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = blendRange,
FadeOutStart = fadeOutStart,
FadeOutEnd = fadeOutEnd,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialSand);
}
// The dirt layer is used on the brown rocks near the beach. To make the rocks more
// interesting we use a rock texture with a larger tile size. This is also visible
// in the distance.
// Then we also mix-in the gravel texture to add more detail near the camera.
var materialDirt = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Specular"),
HeightTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Height"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024 * 10,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1f,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.702f) * new Vector3F(0.9f, 1, 0.9f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(2),
SpecularPower = 100,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Dirt" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = blendRange,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialDirt);
var materialDirtDetail = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Specular"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 512,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1f,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.59f, 1 / 0.537f, 1 / 0.5f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(0.5f),
SpecularPower = 20,
// This layer is transparent to blend with the underlying rock texture.
Alpha = 0.5f,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Dirt" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = blendRange,
FadeOutStart = fadeOutStart,
FadeOutEnd = fadeOutEnd,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialDirtDetail);
// The gray rocks use two layered rock textures.
var materialRock = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Specular"),
HeightTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Height"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024 * 20,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1f,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.702f) * 1,
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(2),
SpecularPower = 100,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Rock" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = blendRange,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialRock);
var materialRockDetail = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Specular"),
HeightTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Height"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 1024,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1f,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.702f) * 1,
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(2),
SpecularPower = 100,
Alpha = 0.5f,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Rock" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = blendRange,
FadeOutStart = fadeOutStart,
FadeOutEnd = fadeOutEnd,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialRockDetail);
// Add some gravel from hydraulic erosion over the rocks.
var materialFlow = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Specular"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 512,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 1f,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.246f, 1 / 0.205f, 1 / 0.171f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(1),
BlendRange = blendRange,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Flow" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
SpecularPower = 20,
FadeOutStart = fadeOutStart,
FadeOutEnd = fadeOutEnd,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialFlow);
// Add snow in the tiles 0/0 and 0/1.
if (row == 0)
{
var materialSnow = new TerrainMaterialLayer(_graphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Specular"),
TileSize = DetailCellSize * 512,
TintTexture = tintTexture,
TintStrength = 0.0f,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(10),
SpecularPower = 100,
BlendTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Snow" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = 0.5f,
BlendThreshold = 0.4f,
BlendNoiseInfluence = 0.5f,
NoiseTileSize = 20,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialSnow);
}
}
}
}
public ParallaxTerrainSample(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game game)
: base(game)
{
SampleFramework.IsMouseVisible = false;
_graphicsScreen = new DeferredGraphicsScreen(Services);
_graphicsScreen.DrawReticle = true;
GraphicsService.Screens.Insert(0, _graphicsScreen);
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(new DeferredGraphicsOptionsObject(Services));
Services.Register(typeof(DebugRenderer), null, _graphicsScreen.DebugRenderer);
var scene = _graphicsScreen.Scene;
Services.Register(typeof(IScene), null, scene);
// Add standard game objects.
var cameraGameObject = new CameraObject(Services, 5000);
cameraGameObject.ResetPose(new Vector3F(0, 2, 0), 0, 0);
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(cameraGameObject);
_graphicsScreen.ActiveCameraNode = cameraGameObject.CameraNode;
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Gravity());
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Damping());
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(new GrabObject(Services));
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(new DynamicSkyObject(Services, true, false, true)
{
EnableCloudShadows = false,
});
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(new ObjectCreatorObject(Services));
// Create terrain.
_terrainObject = new TerrainObject(Services);
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(_terrainObject);
// To see parallax occlusion mapping, we need a detail texture with a height map.
// In this sample we reuse the pavement texture of the ParallaxMappingSample and
// add it to the terrain.
for (int row = 0; row < 2; row++)
{
for (int column = 0; column < 2; column++)
{
var terrainTile = _terrainObject.TerrainNode.Terrain.Tiles[row * 2 + column];
string tilePostfix = "-" + row + "-" + column; // e.g. "-0-1"
var materialPavement = new TerrainMaterialLayer(GraphicsService)
{
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(5),
SpecularPower = 20,
DiffuseTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Parallax/AgedPavement_diffuse"),
NormalTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Parallax/AgedPavement_normal"),
SpecularTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Parallax/AgedPavement_specular"),
HeightTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Parallax/AgedPavement_height"),
TileSize = 0.005f * 512,
BlendTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Blend-Grass" + tilePostfix),
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendHeightInfluence = 0.5f,
BlendThreshold = 0.5f,
BlendRange = 0.5f,
};
terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialPavement);
}
}
// Replace the terrain effects with effects which support parallax occlusion mapping.
UpdateTerrainMaterial(true);
CreateGuiControls();
}
public TerrainTextureSample(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game game)
: base(game)
{
SampleFramework.IsMouseVisible = false;
_graphicsScreen = new DeferredGraphicsScreen(Services);
_graphicsScreen.DrawReticle = true;
GraphicsService.Screens.Insert(0, _graphicsScreen);
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(new DeferredGraphicsOptionsObject(Services));
Services.Register(typeof(DebugRenderer), null, _graphicsScreen.DebugRenderer);
var scene = _graphicsScreen.Scene;
Services.Register(typeof(IScene), null, scene);
// Add gravity and damping to the physics simulation.
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Gravity());
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Damping());
// Add a custom game object which controls the camera.
var cameraGameObject = new CameraObject(Services, 60);
cameraGameObject.ResetPose(new Vector3F(0, 1.8f, 0), 0, 0);
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(cameraGameObject);
_graphicsScreen.ActiveCameraNode = cameraGameObject.CameraNode;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(new DynamicObject(Services, 1));
GameObjectService.Objects.Add(new DynamicSkyObject(Services, true, false, true));
// Create a simple flat terrain.
var terrain = new Terrain();
_terrainTile = new TerrainTile(GraphicsService)
{
OriginX = -100,
OriginZ = -100,
CellSize = 1,
};
terrain.Tiles.Add(_terrainTile);
// Create a flat dummy height texture.
float[] heights = new float[200 * 200];
Texture2D heightTexture = null;
TerrainHelper.CreateHeightTexture(
GraphicsService.GraphicsDevice,
heights,
200,
200,
false,
ref heightTexture);
_terrainTile.HeightTexture = heightTexture;
var shadowMapEffect = ContentManager.Load<Effect>("DigitalRune/Terrain/TerrainShadowMap");
var gBufferEffect = ContentManager.Load<Effect>("DigitalRune/Terrain/TerrainGBuffer");
var materialEffect = ContentManager.Load<Effect>("DigitalRune/Terrain/TerrainMaterial");
var material = new Material
{
{ "ShadowMap", new EffectBinding(GraphicsService, shadowMapEffect, null, EffectParameterHint.Material) },
{ "GBuffer", new EffectBinding(GraphicsService, gBufferEffect, null, EffectParameterHint.Material) },
{ "Material", new EffectBinding(GraphicsService, materialEffect, null, EffectParameterHint.Material) }
};
var terrainNode = new TerrainNode(terrain, material)
{
DetailClipmap =
{
CellsPerLevel = 1364,
NumberOfLevels = 9,
EnableMipMap = true,
},
};
scene.Children.Add(terrainNode);
// Add 3 detail textures layers: gravel, rock, snow.
float detailCellSize = terrainNode.DetailClipmap.CellSizes[0];
var materialGravel = new TerrainMaterialLayer(GraphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Gravel-Specular"),
TileSize = detailCellSize * 512,
BlendRange = 0.1f,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialGravel);
var noiseTexture = NoiseHelper.GetNoiseTexture(GraphicsService, 128, 60);
var materialRock = new TerrainMaterialLayer(GraphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Specular"),
HeightTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Rock-02-Height"),
TileSize = detailCellSize * 1024,
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(1 / 0.702f),
BlendTexture = noiseTexture,
BlendTextureChannel = 0,
BlendRange = 0.1f,
TerrainHeightBlendRange = 0.1f,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialRock);
var materialSnow = new TerrainMaterialLayer(GraphicsService)
{
DiffuseTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Snow-Specular"),
TileSize = detailCellSize * 512,
BlendTexture = noiseTexture,
BlendTextureChannel = 1,
BlendRange = 0.1f,
};
_terrainTile.Layers.Add(materialSnow);
// Create a flat plane for collision detection.
var rigidBody = new RigidBody(new PlaneShape(), new MassFrame(), null)
{
MotionType = MotionType.Static,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(rigidBody);
CreateGuiControls();
}
