public void CapsuleTest()
{
var s = new CapsuleShape(1, 2);
var v0 = s.GetVolume(0.001f, 10);
var m = s.GetMesh(0.001f, 10);
var v1 = m.GetVolume();
Assert.IsTrue(Numeric.AreEqual(v0, v1, 0.01f * (1 + v0))); // 1% error is allowed.
}
public LockRotationSample(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game game)
: base(game)
{
// Add basic force effects.
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Gravity());
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Damping());
// Add a ground plane.
RigidBody groundPlane = new RigidBody(new PlaneShape(Vector3F.UnitY, 0))
{
Name = "GroundPlane", // Names are not required but helpful for debugging.
MotionType = MotionType.Static,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(groundPlane);
// Next, we add boxes and capsules in random positions and orientations.
// For all bodies the flags LockRotationX/Y/Z are set. This will prevent all
// rotation that would be caused by forces. (It is still allowed to manually
// change the rotation or to set an angular velocity.)
BoxShape boxShape = new BoxShape(0.5f, 0.8f, 1.2f);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Vector3F position = RandomHelper.Random.NextVector3F(-10, 10);
position.Y = 5;
QuaternionF orientation = RandomHelper.Random.NextQuaternionF();
RigidBody body = new RigidBody(boxShape)
{
Pose = new Pose(position, orientation),
LockRotationX = true,
LockRotationY = true,
LockRotationZ = true,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(body);
}
CapsuleShape capsuleShape = new CapsuleShape(0.3f, 1.2f);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Vector3F randomPosition = RandomHelper.Random.NextVector3F(-10, 10);
randomPosition.Y = 5;
QuaternionF randomOrientation = RandomHelper.Random.NextQuaternionF();
RigidBody body = new RigidBody(capsuleShape)
{
Pose = new Pose(randomPosition, randomOrientation),
LockRotationX = true,
LockRotationY = true,
LockRotationZ = true,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(body);
}
}
public ResponseFilterSample(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game game)
: base(game)
{
// Add basic force effects.
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Gravity());
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Damping());
// Only disable collision response if you need collision detection info but no collision
// response. If you can disable collision detection too, use
// Simulation.CollisionDomain.CollisionDetection.CollisionFilter
// instead - this is more efficient!
// (In this sample, a custom filter implementation is used. DigitalRune.Physics provides
// a standard filter implementation: DigitalRune.Physics.CollisionResponseFilter.)
Simulation.ResponseFilter = new MyCollisionResponseFilter();
// Add a ground plane.
RigidBody groundPlane = new RigidBody(new PlaneShape(Vector3F.UnitY, 0))
{
Name = "GroundPlane", // Names are not required but helpful for debugging.
MotionType = MotionType.Static,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(groundPlane);
// ----- Add boxes at random poses.
BoxShape boxShape = new BoxShape(0.5f, 0.8f, 1.2f);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
Vector3F position = RandomHelper.Random.NextVector3F(-3, 3);
position.Y = 5;
QuaternionF orientation = RandomHelper.Random.NextQuaternionF();
RigidBody body = new RigidBody(boxShape)
{
Pose = new Pose(position, orientation),
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(body);
}
// ----- Add capsules at random poses.
CapsuleShape capsuleShape = new CapsuleShape(0.3f, 1.2f);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
Vector3F position = RandomHelper.Random.NextVector3F(-3, 3);
position.Y = 5;
QuaternionF orientation = RandomHelper.Random.NextQuaternionF();
RigidBody body = new RigidBody(capsuleShape)
{
Pose = new Pose(position, orientation),
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(body);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes a minimum bounding shape that contains all given points.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="points">The points.</param>
/// <returns>A minimum bounding shape that contains all given points.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// The returned shape will be a <see cref="SphereShape"/>, a <see cref="CapsuleShape"/>,
/// a <see cref="BoxShape"/>, or a <see cref="TransformedShape"/> (containing a sphere, capsule,
/// or a box). The bounding shape is not guaranteed to be optimal, it is only guaranteed that
/// the bounding shape includes all given points.
/// </remarks>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
/// <paramref name="points"/> is <see langword="null"/>.
/// </exception>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">
/// <paramref name="points"/> is empty.
/// </exception>
public static Shape CreateBoundingShape(IList<Vector3F> points)
{
if (points == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("points");
if (points.Count == 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The list of 'points' is empty.");
// Compute minimal sphere.
Vector3F center;
float radius;
ComputeBoundingSphere(points, out radius, out center);
SphereShape sphere = new SphereShape(radius);
float sphereVolume = sphere.GetVolume();
// Compute minimal capsule.
float height;
Pose capsulePose;
ComputeBoundingCapsule(points, out radius, out height, out capsulePose);
CapsuleShape capsule = new CapsuleShape(radius, height);
float capsuleVolume = capsule.GetVolume();
// Compute minimal box.
Vector3F boxExtent;
Pose boxPose;
ComputeBoundingBox(points, out boxExtent, out boxPose);
var box = new BoxShape(boxExtent);
float boxVolume = box.GetVolume();
// Return the object with the smallest volume.
// A TransformedShape is used if the shape needs to be translated or rotated.
if (sphereVolume < boxVolume && sphereVolume < capsuleVolume)
{
if (center.IsNumericallyZero)
return sphere;
return new TransformedShape(new GeometricObject(sphere, new Pose(center)));
}
else if (capsuleVolume < boxVolume)
{
if (!capsulePose.HasTranslation && !capsulePose.HasRotation)
return capsule;
return new TransformedShape(new GeometricObject(capsule, capsulePose));
}
else
{
if (!boxPose.HasTranslation && !boxPose.HasRotation)
return box;
return new TransformedShape(new GeometricObject(box, boxPose));
}
}
public ShapesSample(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game game)
: base(game)
{
// Add basic force effects.
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Gravity());
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Damping());
// Add a ground plane.
RigidBody groundPlane = new RigidBody(new PlaneShape(Vector3F.UnitY, 0))
{
Name = "GroundPlane", // Names are not required but helpful for debugging.
MotionType = MotionType.Static,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(groundPlane);
// ----- Add a sphere.
Shape sphere = new SphereShape(0.5f);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(sphere));
// ----- Add a box.
BoxShape box = new BoxShape(0.5f, 0.9f, 0.7f);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(box));
// ----- Add a capsule.
CapsuleShape capsule = new CapsuleShape(0.4f, 1.2f);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(capsule));
// ----- Add a cone.
ConeShape cone = new ConeShape(0.5f, 1f);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(cone));
// ----- Add a cylinder.
CylinderShape cylinder = new CylinderShape(0.3f, 1f);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(cylinder));
// ----- Add a convex hull of random points.
ConvexHullOfPoints convexHullOfPoints = new ConvexHullOfPoints();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
convexHullOfPoints.Points.Add(RandomHelper.Random.NextVector3F(-0.5f, 0.5f));
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(convexHullOfPoints));
// ----- Add a convex polyhedron.
// (A ConvexPolyhedron is similar to the ConvexHullOfPoints. The difference is that
// the points in a ConvexHullOfPoints can be changed at runtime. A ConvexPolyhedron
// cannot be changed at runtime, but it is faster.)
List<Vector3F> points = new List<Vector3F>();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
points.Add(RandomHelper.Random.NextVector3F(-0.7f, 0.7f));
ConvexPolyhedron convexPolyhedron = new ConvexPolyhedron(points);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(convexPolyhedron));
// ----- Add a composite shape (a table that consists of 5 boxes).
CompositeShape composite = new CompositeShape();
composite.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.1f, 0.8f, 0.1f), new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.75f, 0.4f, -0.5f))));
composite.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.1f, 0.8f, 0.1f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.75f, 0.4f, -0.5f))));
composite.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.1f, 0.8f, 0.1f), new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.75f, 0.4f, 0.5f))));
composite.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.1f, 0.8f, 0.1f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.75f, 0.4f, 0.5f))));
composite.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(1.8f, 0.1f, 1.1f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 0.8f, 0))));
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(composite));
// ----- Add a convex hull of multiple shapes.
ConvexHullOfShapes convexHullOfShapes = new ConvexHullOfShapes();
convexHullOfShapes.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new CylinderShape(0.2f, 0.8f), new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.4f, 0, 0))));
convexHullOfShapes.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new CylinderShape(0.2f, 0.8f), new Pose(new Vector3F(+0.4f, 0, 0))));
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(convexHullOfShapes));
// ----- Add the Minkowski sum of two shapes.
// (The Minkowski sum is a mathematical operation that combines two shapes.
// Here a circle is combined with a sphere. The result is a wheel.)
MinkowskiSumShape minkowskiSum = new MinkowskiSumShape();
minkowskiSum.ObjectA = new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.2f), Pose.Identity);
minkowskiSum.ObjectB = new GeometricObject(new CircleShape(0.5f), Pose.Identity);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(minkowskiSum));
// Create another Minkowski sum. (Here a small sphere is added to a box to create a
// box with rounded corners.)
minkowskiSum = new MinkowskiSumShape();
minkowskiSum.ObjectA = new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.1f), Pose.Identity);
minkowskiSum.ObjectB = new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.2f, 0.5f, 0.8f), Pose.Identity);
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(minkowskiSum));
// ----- Add a triangle mesh.
// A triangle mesh could be loaded from a file or built from an XNA model.
// Here we first create a composite shape and convert the shape into a triangle
// mesh. (Any Shape in DigitalRune.Geometry can be converted to a triangle mesh.)
CompositeShape dumbbell = new CompositeShape();
dumbbell.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.4f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.6f, 0.0f, 0.0f))));
dumbbell.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.4f), new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.6f, 0.0f, 0.0f))));
dumbbell.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new CylinderShape(0.1f, 0.6f), new Pose(Matrix33F.CreateRotationZ(ConstantsF.PiOver2))));
TriangleMeshShape triangleMeshShape = new TriangleMeshShape(dumbbell.GetMesh(0.01f, 2));
// Optional: We can enable "contact welding". When this flag is enabled, the triangle shape
// precomputes additional internal information for the mesh. The collision detection will
// be able to compute better contacts (e.g. better normal vectors at triangle edges).
// Pro: Collision detection can compute better contact information.
// Con: Contact welding information needs a bit of memory. And the collision detection is
// a bit slower.
triangleMeshShape.EnableContactWelding = true;
// Optional: Assign a spatial partitioning scheme to the triangle mesh. (A spatial partition
// adds an additional memory overhead, but it improves collision detection speed tremendously!)
triangleMeshShape.Partition = new AabbTree<int>()
{
// The tree is automatically built using a mixed top-down/bottom-up approach. Bottom-up
// building is slower but produces better trees. If the tree building takes too long,
// we can lower the BottomUpBuildThreshold (default is 128).
BottomUpBuildThreshold = 0,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(new RigidBody(triangleMeshShape));
// ----- Set random positions/orientations.
// (Start with the second object. The first object is the ground plane which should
// not be changed.)
for (int i = 1; i < Simulation.RigidBodies.Count; i++)
{
RigidBody body = Simulation.RigidBodies[i];
Vector3F position = RandomHelper.Random.NextVector3F(-3, 3);
position.Y = 3; // Position the objects 3m above ground.
QuaternionF orientation = RandomHelper.Random.NextQuaternionF();
body.Pose = new Pose(position, orientation);
}
}
// Creates a lot of random objects.
private void CreateRandomObjects()
{
var random = new Random();
var isFirstHeightField = true;
int currentShape = 0;
int numberOfObjects = 0;
while (true)
{
numberOfObjects++;
if (numberOfObjects > ObjectsPerType)
{
currentShape++;
numberOfObjects = 0;
}
Shape shape;
switch (currentShape)
{
case 0:
// Box
shape = new BoxShape(ObjectSize, ObjectSize * 2, ObjectSize * 3);
break;
case 1:
// Capsule
shape = new CapsuleShape(0.3f * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize);
break;
case 2:
// Cone
shape = new ConeShape(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize);
break;
case 3:
// Cylinder
shape = new CylinderShape(0.4f * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize);
break;
case 4:
// Sphere
shape = new SphereShape(ObjectSize);
break;
case 5:
// Convex hull of several points.
ConvexHullOfPoints hull = new ConvexHullOfPoints();
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, -2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize, -0.5f * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 0.7f * ObjectSize, -0.6f * ObjectSize));
shape = hull;
break;
case 6:
// A composite shape: two boxes that form a "T" shape.
var composite = new CompositeShape();
composite.Children.Add(
new GeometricObject(
new BoxShape(ObjectSize, 3 * ObjectSize, ObjectSize),
new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 0, 0))));
composite.Children.Add(
new GeometricObject(
new BoxShape(2 * ObjectSize, ObjectSize, ObjectSize),
new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 2 * ObjectSize, 0))));
shape = composite;
break;
case 7:
shape = new CircleShape(ObjectSize);
break;
case 8:
{
var compBvh = new CompositeShape();
compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.5f, 1, 0.5f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 0.5f, 0), Matrix33F.Identity)));
compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.8f, 0.5f, 0.5f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.5f, 0.7f, 0), Matrix33F.CreateRotationZ(-MathHelper.ToRadians(15)))));
compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.3f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 1.15f, 0), Matrix33F.Identity)));
compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new CapsuleShape(0.2f, 1), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.6f, 1.15f, 0), Matrix33F.CreateRotationX(0.3f))));
compBvh.Partition = new AabbTree<int>();
shape = compBvh;
break;
}
case 9:
CompositeShape comp = new CompositeShape();
comp.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.5f * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize, 0.5f * ObjectSize), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 0.5f * ObjectSize, 0), QuaternionF.Identity)));
comp.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.8f * ObjectSize, 0.5f * ObjectSize, 0.5f * ObjectSize), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.3f * ObjectSize, 0.7f * ObjectSize, 0), QuaternionF.CreateRotationZ(-MathHelper.ToRadians(45)))));
comp.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.3f * ObjectSize), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 1.15f * ObjectSize, 0), QuaternionF.Identity)));
shape = comp;
break;
case 10:
shape = new ConvexHullOfPoints(new[]
{
new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, -2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize, -0.5f * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 0.7f * ObjectSize, -0.6f * ObjectSize)
});
break;
case 11:
ConvexHullOfShapes shapeHull = new ConvexHullOfShapes();
shapeHull.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.3f * ObjectSize), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 2 * ObjectSize, 0), Matrix33F.Identity)));
shapeHull.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 3 * ObjectSize), Pose.Identity));
shape = shapeHull;
break;
case 12:
shape = Shape.Empty;
break;
case 13:
var numberOfSamplesX = 10;
var numberOfSamplesZ = 10;
var samples = new float[numberOfSamplesX * numberOfSamplesZ];
for (int z = 0; z < numberOfSamplesZ; z++)
for (int x = 0; x < numberOfSamplesX; x++)
samples[z * numberOfSamplesX + x] = (float)(Math.Cos(z / 3f) * Math.Sin(x / 2f) * BoxSize / 6);
HeightField heightField = new HeightField(0, 0, 2 * BoxSize, 2 * BoxSize, samples, numberOfSamplesX, numberOfSamplesZ);
shape = heightField;
break;
//case 14:
//shape = new LineShape(new Vector3F(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f), new Vector3F(0.1f, 0.2f, -0.3f).Normalized);
//break;
case 15:
shape = new LineSegmentShape(
new Vector3F(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f), new Vector3F(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f) + 3 * ObjectSize * new Vector3F(0.1f, 0.2f, -0.3f));
break;
case 16:
shape = new MinkowskiDifferenceShape
{
ObjectA = new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.1f * ObjectSize)),
ObjectB = new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 3 * ObjectSize))
};
break;
case 17:
shape = new MinkowskiSumShape
{
ObjectA = new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.1f * ObjectSize)),
ObjectB = new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 3 * ObjectSize)),
};
break;
case 18:
shape = new OrthographicViewVolume(0, ObjectSize, 0, ObjectSize, ObjectSize / 2, ObjectSize * 2);
break;
case 19:
shape = new PerspectiveViewVolume(MathHelper.ToRadians(60f), 16f / 10, ObjectSize / 2, ObjectSize * 3);
break;
case 20:
shape = new PointShape(0.1f, 0.3f, 0.2f);
break;
case 21:
shape = new RayShape(new Vector3F(0.2f, 0, -0.12f), new Vector3F(1, 2, 3).Normalized, ObjectSize * 2);
break;
case 22:
shape = new RayShape(new Vector3F(0.2f, 0, -0.12f), new Vector3F(1, 2, 3).Normalized, ObjectSize * 2)
{
StopsAtFirstHit = true
};
break;
case 23:
shape = new RectangleShape(ObjectSize, ObjectSize * 2);
break;
case 24:
shape = new TransformedShape(
new GeometricObject(
new BoxShape(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 3 * ObjectSize),
new Pose(new Vector3F(0.1f, 1, -0.2f))));
break;
case 25:
shape = new TriangleShape(
new Vector3F(ObjectSize, 0, 0), new Vector3F(0, ObjectSize, 0), new Vector3F(ObjectSize, ObjectSize, ObjectSize));
break;
//case 26:
// {
// // Create a composite object from which we get the mesh.
// CompositeShape compBvh = new CompositeShape();
// compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.5f, 1, 0.5f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 0.5f, 0), Matrix33F.Identity)));
// compBvh.Children.Add(
// new GeometricObject(
// new BoxShape(0.8f, 0.5f, 0.5f),
// new Pose(new Vector3F(0.5f, 0.7f, 0), Matrix33F.CreateRotationZ(-(float)MathHelper.ToRadians(15)))));
// compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.3f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 1.15f, 0), Matrix33F.Identity)));
// compBvh.Children.Add(
// new GeometricObject(new CapsuleShape(0.2f, 1), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.6f, 1.15f, 0), Matrix33F.CreateRotationX(0.3f))));
// TriangleMeshShape meshBvhShape = new TriangleMeshShape { Mesh = compBvh.GetMesh(0.01f, 3) };
// meshBvhShape.Partition = new AabbTree<int>();
// shape = meshBvhShape;
// break;
// }
//case 27:
// {
// // Create a composite object from which we get the mesh.
// CompositeShape compBvh = new CompositeShape();
// compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new BoxShape(0.5f, 1, 0.5f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 0.5f, 0), QuaternionF.Identity)));
// compBvh.Children.Add(
// new GeometricObject(
// new BoxShape(0.8f, 0.5f, 0.5f),
// new Pose(new Vector3F(0.5f, 0.7f, 0), QuaternionF.CreateRotationZ(-(float)MathHelper.ToRadians(15)))));
// compBvh.Children.Add(new GeometricObject(new SphereShape(0.3f), new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 1.15f, 0), QuaternionF.Identity)));
// compBvh.Children.Add(
// new GeometricObject(new CapsuleShape(0.2f, 1), new Pose(new Vector3F(0.6f, 1.15f, 0), QuaternionF.CreateRotationX(0.3f))));
// TriangleMeshShape meshBvhShape = new TriangleMeshShape { Mesh = compBvh.GetMesh(0.01f, 3) };
// meshBvhShape.Partition = new AabbTree<int>();
// shape = meshBvhShape;
// break;
// }
case 28:
shape = new ConvexPolyhedron(new[]
{
new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, -2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize, -0.5f * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize),
new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 0.7f * ObjectSize, -0.6f * ObjectSize)
});
break;
case 29:
return;
default:
currentShape++;
continue;
}
// Create an object with the random shape, pose, color and velocity.
Pose randomPose = new Pose(
random.NextVector3F(-BoxSize + ObjectSize * 2, BoxSize - ObjectSize * 2),
random.NextQuaternionF());
var newObject = new MovingGeometricObject
{
Pose = randomPose,
Shape = shape,
LinearVelocity = random.NextQuaternionF().Rotate(new Vector3F(MaxLinearVelocity, 0, 0)),
AngularVelocity = random.NextQuaternionF().Rotate(Vector3F.Forward)
* RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(0, MaxAngularVelocity),
};
if (RandomHelper.Random.NextBool())
newObject.LinearVelocity = Vector3F.Zero;
if (RandomHelper.Random.NextBool())
newObject.AngularVelocity = Vector3F.Zero;
if (shape is LineShape || shape is HeightField)
{
// Do not move lines or the height field.
newObject.LinearVelocity = Vector3F.Zero;
newObject.AngularVelocity = Vector3F.Zero;
}
// Create only 1 heightField!
if (shape is HeightField)
{
if (isFirstHeightField)
{
isFirstHeightField = true;
newObject.Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(-BoxSize, -BoxSize, -BoxSize));
}
else
{
currentShape++;
numberOfObjects = 0;
continue;
}
}
// Add collision object to collision domain.
_domain.CollisionObjects.Add(new CollisionObject(newObject));
//co.Type = CollisionObjectType.Trigger;
//co.Name = "Object" + shape.GetType().Name + "_" + i;
}
}
private static void GetMass(CapsuleShape capsule, Vector3F scale, float densityOrMass, bool isDensity, out float mass, out Matrix33F inertia)
{
scale = Vector3F.Absolute(scale);
Vector3F radius = capsule.Radius * scale;
Vector3F radius2 = radius * radius;
float height = capsule.Height * scale.Y - 2 * radius.Y; // Height of cylinder part.
float height2 = height * height;
mass = (isDensity) ? ConstantsF.Pi * radius.X * radius.Z * (4.0f / 3.0f * radius.Y + height) * densityOrMass : densityOrMass;
inertia = Matrix33F.Zero;
float denom = 4 * radius.Y + 3 * height;
inertia.M00 = 1.0f / denom * mass * (2 * radius.Y * (2.0f / 5.0f * (radius2.Y + radius2.Z) + 3.0f / 4.0f * height * radius.Y + 1.0f / 2.0f * height2) + 3.0f * height * (1.0f / 4.0f * radius2.Z + 1.0f / 12.0f * height2));
inertia.M11 = 1.0f / denom * mass * (2 * radius.Y * 2.0f / 5.0f * (radius2.X + radius2.Z) + 3.0f * height * 1.0f / 4.0f * (radius2.X + radius2.Z));
inertia.M22 = 1.0f / denom * mass * (2 * radius.Y * (2.0f / 5.0f * (radius2.X + radius2.Y) + 3.0f / 4.0f * height * radius.Y + 1.0f / 2.0f * height2) + 3.0f * height * (1.0f / 4.0f * radius2.X + 1.0f / 12.0f * height2));
}
public void CapsuleMass()
{
var s = new CapsuleShape(1, 3);
float m0;
Vector3F com0;
Matrix33F i0;
MassHelper.GetMass(s, new Vector3F(1, -2, -3), 1, true, 0.001f, 10, out m0, out com0, out i0);
var m = s.GetMesh(0.001f, 10);
m.Transform(Matrix44F.CreateScale(1, -2, -3));
float m1;
Vector3F com1;
Matrix33F i1;
MassHelper.GetMass(m, out m1, out com1, out i1);
const float e = 0.01f;
Assert.IsTrue(Numeric.AreEqual(m0, m1, e * (1 + m0)));
Assert.IsTrue(Vector3F.AreNumericallyEqual(com0, com1, e * (1 + com0.Length)));
Assert.IsTrue(Matrix33F.AreNumericallyEqual(i0, i1, e * (1 + i0.Trace)));
// Try other density.
float m2;
Vector3F com2;
Matrix33F i2;
MassHelper.GetMass(s, new Vector3F(1, -2, -3), 0.7f, true, 0.001f, 10, out m2, out com2, out i2);
Assert.IsTrue(Numeric.AreEqual(m0 * 0.7f, m2, e * (1 + m0)));
Assert.IsTrue(Vector3F.AreNumericallyEqual(com0, com2, e * (1 + com0.Length)));
Assert.IsTrue(Matrix33F.AreNumericallyEqual(i0 * 0.7f, i2, e * (1 + i0.Trace)));
// Try with target mass.
float m3;
Vector3F com3;
Matrix33F i3;
MassHelper.GetMass(s, new Vector3F(1, -2, -3), 23, false, 0.001f, 10, out m3, out com3, out i3);
Assert.IsTrue(Numeric.AreEqual(23, m3, e * (1 + m0)));
Assert.IsTrue(Vector3F.AreNumericallyEqual(com0, com3, e * (1 + com0.Length)));
Assert.IsTrue(Matrix33F.AreNumericallyEqual(i0 * 23 / m0, i3, e * (1 + i0.Trace)));
}
// Creates a lot of random objects.
private void CreateRandomObjects()
{
var random = new Random(12345);
for (int i = 0; i < NumberOfObjects; i++)
{
// Randomly choose a shape.
Shape randomShape;
switch (random.Next(0, 7))
{
case 0:
// Box
randomShape = new BoxShape(ObjectSize, ObjectSize * 2, ObjectSize * 3);
break;
case 1:
// Capsule
randomShape = new CapsuleShape(0.3f * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize);
break;
case 2:
// Cone
randomShape = new ConeShape(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize);
break;
case 3:
// Cylinder
randomShape = new CylinderShape(0.4f * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize);
break;
case 4:
// Sphere
randomShape = new SphereShape(ObjectSize);
break;
case 5:
// Convex hull of several points.
ConvexHullOfPoints hull = new ConvexHullOfPoints();
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, -2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(2 * ObjectSize, -1 * ObjectSize, -0.5f * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 2 * ObjectSize, 1 * ObjectSize));
hull.Points.Add(new Vector3F(-1 * ObjectSize, 0.7f * ObjectSize, -0.6f * ObjectSize));
randomShape = hull;
break;
case 6:
// A composite shape: two boxes that form a "T" shape.
var composite = new CompositeShape();
composite.Children.Add(
new GeometricObject(
new BoxShape(ObjectSize, 3 * ObjectSize, ObjectSize),
new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 0, 0))));
composite.Children.Add(
new GeometricObject(
new BoxShape(2 * ObjectSize, ObjectSize, ObjectSize),
new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 2 * ObjectSize, 0))));
randomShape = composite;
break;
default:
#if WINDOWS
Trace.Fail("Ups, we shouldn't land here :-(");
#endif
randomShape = new SphereShape();
break;
}
// Create an object with the random shape, pose, color and velocity.
Pose randomPose = new Pose(
random.NextVector3F(-BoxSize + ObjectSize * 2, BoxSize - ObjectSize * 2),
random.NextQuaternionF());
var newObject = new MovingGeometricObject
{
Pose = randomPose,
Shape = randomShape,
LinearVelocity = random.NextQuaternionF().Rotate(new Vector3F(MaxLinearVelocity, 0, 0)),
AngularVelocity = random.NextQuaternionF().Rotate(Vector3F.Forward)
* RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(0, MaxAngularVelocity),
};
// Add collision object to collision domain.
_domain.CollisionObjects.Add(new CollisionObject(newObject));
// We will collect a few statistics for debugging.
Profiler.SetFormat("NumObjects", 1, "The total number of objects.");
Profiler.SetFormat("NumObjectPairs", 1, "The number of objects pairs, which have to be checked.");
Profiler.SetFormat("BroadPhasePairs", 1, "The number of overlaps reported by the broad phase.");
Profiler.SetFormat("ContactSetCount", 1, "The number of actual collisions.");
}
}
private void StandUp()
{
// Similar to crouch - only we make the character capsule taller again.
// Before we change the height of the capsule we need to check if there is enough
// room to stand up. To check this we position a smaller capsule in this area and
// test for collisions.
CapsuleShape testCapsule = new CapsuleShape(0.38f, 1.6f);
GeometricObject testObject = new GeometricObject(testCapsule, new Pose(CharacterController.Position + 1.0f * Vector3F.UnitY));
CollisionObject testCollisionObject = new CollisionObject(testObject)
{
CollisionGroup = 4, // Should not collide with the character.
Type = CollisionObjectType.Trigger, // Use a trigger because we do not need to compute detailed
}; // collision information.
// Check whether the test capsule touches anything.
if (!_simulation.CollisionDomain.HasContact(testCollisionObject))
{
// No contact, enough room to stand up.
CharacterController.Height = 1.8f;
// The drawing data in the UserData (see RigidBodyRenderer) must be invalidated.
CharacterController.Body.UserData = null;
}
}
public RopeSample(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game game)
: base(game)
{
// Add basic force effects.
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Gravity());
Simulation.ForceEffects.Add(new Damping());
// Add a ground plane.
RigidBody groundPlane = new RigidBody(new PlaneShape(Vector3F.UnitY, 0))
{
Name = "GroundPlane", // Names are not required but helpful for debugging.
MotionType = MotionType.Static,
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(groundPlane);
const float capsuleHeight = 0.6f;
CapsuleShape shape = new CapsuleShape(0.15f, capsuleHeight);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
// A segment of the rope:
RigidBody body = new RigidBody(shape)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0, 1 + i * capsuleHeight, 0)),
};
Simulation.RigidBodies.Add(body);
if (i > 0)
{
// Connect the last body with the current body using a UniversalJoint that
// allows rotations on two axes (no twist).
RigidBody lastBody = Simulation.RigidBodies[i];
UniversalJoint ballJoint = new UniversalJoint
{
BodyA = lastBody,
// This attachment point is a the top of the first capsule.
// The universal joint allows rotations around the first and the second axis.
// The last axis is the twist axis where no rotation is allowed.
// --> To define the constraint anchor orientation:
// The columns are the axes. We set the local x axis in the first column and the
// -z axis in the second column. The third column is y axis about which no rotation
// is allowed.
// (All three columns are orthonormal and form a valid rotation matrix.)
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(new Vector3F(0, capsuleHeight / 2, 0),
new Matrix33F(1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1,
0, -1, 0)),
BodyB = body,
// This attachment point is at the bottom of the second capsule.
// The anchor orientation is defined as above.
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(new Vector3F(0, -capsuleHeight / 2, 0),
new Matrix33F(1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1,
0, -1, 0)),
// Disable collision between body A and B.
CollisionEnabled = false,
// ErrorReduction and Softness are tweaked to create an appropriate amount
// of springiness and damping.
ErrorReduction = 0.1f,
Softness = 0.0001f,
// We allow a +/- 60° rotation around the first and the second constraint axis.
Minimum = -new Vector2F(MathHelper.ToRadians(60), MathHelper.ToRadians(60)),
Maximum = new Vector2F(MathHelper.ToRadians(60), MathHelper.ToRadians(60))
};
Simulation.Constraints.Add(ballJoint);
}
else
{
// This is the first body. There is no former body to link too.
// We set a velocity for this body to give the rope an initial movement.
body.LinearVelocity = new Vector3F(1, 0, 0);
}
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
private void InitializeBody(Vector3F upVector)
{
if (!upVector.TryNormalize())
throw new ArgumentException("The up vector must not be a zero vector.");
UpVector = upVector;
CapsuleShape shape = new CapsuleShape(0.4f, 1.8f);
MassFrame mass = new MassFrame { Mass = 100 };
UniformMaterial material = new UniformMaterial
{
// The body should be frictionless, so that it can be easily pushed by the simulation to
// valid positions.
StaticFriction = 0.0f,
DynamicFriction = 0.0f,
// The body should not bounce when being hit or pushed.
Restitution = 0
};
Body = new RigidBody(shape, mass, material)
{
// We set the mass explicitly and it should not automatically change when the
// shape is changed; e.g. a ducked character has a smaller shape, but still the same mass.
AutoUpdateMass = false,
// This body is under our control and should never be deactivated by the simulation.
CanSleep = false,
CcdEnabled = true,
// The capsule does not rotate in any direction.
LockRotationX = true,
LockRotationY = true,
LockRotationZ = true,
Name = "CharacterController",
Pose = new Pose(shape.Height / 2 * upVector,
QuaternionF.CreateRotation(Vector3F.UnitY, upVector)),
};
// When the user changes the shape, we must re-compute all contacts.
Body.ShapeChanged += (s, e) => UpdateContacts();
}
// Using a softness value > 0 is important to give the ragdoll a more natural movement and to
// avoid jittering.
public static void AddRagdoll(Simulation simulation, float scale, Vector3F ragdollPosition, float softness, bool addDamping)
{
// Ragdolls are usually used in games to create realistic death animations of
// characters. The character is usually rendered using a skinned triangle mesh.
// But in the physics simulation the body parts of the character are represented
// using simple shapes, such as spheres, capsules, boxes, or convex polyhedra,
// which are connected with joints.
// The physics simulations computes how these parts collide and fall. The positions
// and orientations are then read back each frame to update the animation of the
// triangle mesh.
// In this example the ragdoll is built from spheres, capsules and boxes. The
// rigid bodies are created in code. In practice, ragdolls should be built using
// external tools, such as a 3D modeler or a game editor.
#region ----- Create rigid bodies for the most relevant body parts -----
// The density used for all bodies.
const float density = 1000;
BoxShape pelvisShape = new BoxShape(0.3f * scale, 0.22f * scale, 0.20f * scale);
MassFrame pelvisMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(pelvisShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody pelvis = new RigidBody(pelvisShape, pelvisMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0f, 0.01f * scale, -0.03f * scale) + ragdollPosition),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(pelvis);
BoxShape torsoShape = new BoxShape(0.35f * scale, 0.22f * scale, 0.44f * scale);
MassFrame torsoMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(torsoShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody torso = new RigidBody(torsoShape, torsoMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0f, 0.01f * scale, -0.4f * scale) + ragdollPosition),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(torso);
SphereShape headShape = new SphereShape(0.13f * scale);
MassFrame headMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(headShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody head = new RigidBody(headShape, headMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0f * scale, 0f, -0.776f * scale) + ragdollPosition),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(head);
CapsuleShape upperArmShape = new CapsuleShape(0.08f * scale, 0.3f * scale);
MassFrame upperArmMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(upperArmShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody leftUpperArm = new RigidBody(upperArmShape, upperArmMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.32f * scale, 0.06f * scale, -0.53f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationZ(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(leftUpperArm);
RigidBody rightUpperArm = new RigidBody(upperArmShape, upperArmMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0.32f * scale, 0.06f * scale, -0.53f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationZ(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(rightUpperArm);
CapsuleShape lowerArmShape = new CapsuleShape(0.08f * scale, 0.4f * scale);
MassFrame lowerArmMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(lowerArmShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody leftLowerArm = new RigidBody(lowerArmShape, lowerArmMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.62f * scale, 0.06f * scale, -0.53f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationZ(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(leftLowerArm);
RigidBody rightLowerArm = new RigidBody(lowerArmShape, lowerArmMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0.62f * scale, 0.06f * scale, -0.53f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationZ(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(rightLowerArm);
CapsuleShape upperLegShape = new CapsuleShape(0.09f * scale, 0.5f * scale);
MassFrame upperLegMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(upperLegShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody leftUpperLeg = new RigidBody(upperLegShape, upperLegMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.10f * scale, 0.01f * scale, 0.233f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationX(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(leftUpperLeg);
RigidBody rightUpperLeg = new RigidBody(upperLegShape, upperLegMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0.10f * scale, 0.01f * scale, 0.233f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationX(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(rightUpperLeg);
CapsuleShape lowerLegShape = new CapsuleShape(0.08f * scale, 0.4f * scale);
MassFrame lowerLegMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(pelvisShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody leftLowerLeg = new RigidBody(lowerLegShape, lowerLegMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.11f * scale, 0.01f * scale, 0.7f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationX(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(leftLowerLeg);
RigidBody rightLowerLeg = new RigidBody(lowerLegShape, lowerLegMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0.11f * scale, 0.01f * scale, 0.7f * scale) + ragdollPosition, Matrix33F.CreateRotationX(ConstantsF.PiOver2)),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(rightLowerLeg);
BoxShape footShape = new BoxShape(0.12f * scale, 0.28f * scale, 0.07f * scale);
MassFrame footMass = MassFrame.FromShapeAndDensity(footShape, Vector3F.One, density, 0.01f, 3);
RigidBody leftFoot = new RigidBody(footShape, footMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(-0.11f * scale, -0.06f * scale, 0.94f * scale) + ragdollPosition),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(leftFoot);
RigidBody rightFoot = new RigidBody(footShape, footMass, null)
{
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0.11f * scale, -0.06f * scale, 0.94f * scale) + ragdollPosition),
};
simulation.RigidBodies.Add(rightFoot);
#endregion
#region ----- Add joints between body parts -----
float errorReduction = 0.3f;
float maxForce = float.PositiveInfinity;
Vector3F pelvisJointPosition = new Vector3F(0f, 0.026f * scale, -0.115f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint pelvisJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = torso,
BodyB = pelvis,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(torso.Pose.ToLocalPosition(pelvisJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(pelvis.Pose.ToLocalPosition(pelvisJointPosition)),
Minimum = -0.5f,
Maximum = 1.1f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(pelvisJoint);
Vector3F neckJointPosition = new Vector3F(0f, 0.026f * scale, -0.690f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint neckJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = head,
BodyB = torso,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(head.Pose.ToLocalPosition(neckJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(torso.Pose.ToLocalPosition(neckJointPosition)),
Minimum = -1f,
Maximum = 1f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(neckJoint);
Vector3F leftShoulderJointPosition = new Vector3F(-0.193f * scale, 0.056f * scale, -0.528f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
Vector3F leftShoulderJointAxis = new Vector3F(0, -1, -1).Normalized;
Matrix33F leftShoulderJointOrientation = new Matrix33F();
leftShoulderJointOrientation.SetColumn(0, leftShoulderJointAxis);
leftShoulderJointOrientation.SetColumn(1, leftShoulderJointAxis.Orthonormal1);
leftShoulderJointOrientation.SetColumn(2, leftShoulderJointAxis.Orthonormal2);
BallJoint leftShoulderJoint = new BallJoint
{
BodyA = leftUpperArm,
BodyB = torso,
AnchorPositionALocal = leftUpperArm.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftShoulderJointPosition),
AnchorPositionBLocal = torso.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftShoulderJointPosition),
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(leftShoulderJoint);
Vector3F rightShoulderJointPosition = new Vector3F(0.193f * scale, 0.056f * scale, -0.528f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
Vector3F rightShoulderJointAxis = new Vector3F(0, 1, 1).Normalized;
Matrix33F rightShoulderJointOrientation = new Matrix33F();
rightShoulderJointOrientation.SetColumn(0, rightShoulderJointAxis);
rightShoulderJointOrientation.SetColumn(1, rightShoulderJointAxis.Orthonormal1);
rightShoulderJointOrientation.SetColumn(2, rightShoulderJointAxis.Orthonormal2);
BallJoint rightShoulderJoint = new BallJoint
{
BodyA = rightUpperArm,
BodyB = torso,
AnchorPositionALocal = rightUpperArm.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightShoulderJointPosition),
AnchorPositionBLocal = torso.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightShoulderJointPosition),
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(rightShoulderJoint);
Vector3F leftElbowJointPosition = new Vector3F(-0.451f * scale, 0.071f * scale, -0.538f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
Matrix33F elbowAxisOrientation = new Matrix33F(0, 0, -1,
0, 1, 0,
1, 0, 0);
HingeJoint leftElbowJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = leftLowerArm,
BodyB = leftUpperArm,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(leftLowerArm.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftElbowJointPosition), leftLowerArm.Pose.Orientation.Inverse * elbowAxisOrientation),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(leftUpperArm.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftElbowJointPosition), leftUpperArm.Pose.Orientation.Inverse * elbowAxisOrientation),
Minimum = -2,
Maximum = 0,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(leftElbowJoint);
Vector3F rightElbowJointPosition = new Vector3F(0.451f * scale, 0.071f * scale, -0.538f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint rightElbowJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = rightLowerArm,
BodyB = rightUpperArm,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(rightLowerArm.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightElbowJointPosition), rightLowerArm.Pose.Orientation.Inverse * elbowAxisOrientation),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(rightUpperArm.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightElbowJointPosition), rightUpperArm.Pose.Orientation.Inverse * elbowAxisOrientation),
Minimum = 0,
Maximum = 2,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(rightElbowJoint);
Vector3F leftHipJointPosition = new Vector3F(-0.107f * scale, 0.049f * scale, 0.026f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint leftHipJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = pelvis,
BodyB = leftUpperLeg,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(pelvis.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftHipJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(leftUpperLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftHipJointPosition), leftUpperLeg.Pose.Orientation.Inverse),
Minimum = -0.1f,
Maximum = 1.2f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(leftHipJoint);
Vector3F rightHipJointPosition = new Vector3F(0.107f * scale, 0.049f * scale, 0.026f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint rightHipJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = pelvis,
BodyB = rightUpperLeg,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(pelvis.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightHipJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(rightUpperLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightHipJointPosition), rightUpperLeg.Pose.Orientation.Inverse),
Minimum = -0.1f,
Maximum = 1.2f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(rightHipJoint);
Vector3F leftKneeJointPosition = new Vector3F(-0.118f * scale, -0.012f * scale, 0.439f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint leftKneeJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = leftLowerLeg,
BodyB = leftUpperLeg,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(leftLowerLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftKneeJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(leftUpperLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftKneeJointPosition)),
Minimum = 0,
Maximum = 1.7f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(leftKneeJoint);
Vector3F rightKneeJointPosition = new Vector3F(0.118f * scale, -0.012f * scale, 0.439f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint rightKneeJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = rightLowerLeg,
BodyB = rightUpperLeg,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(rightLowerLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightKneeJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(rightUpperLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightKneeJointPosition)),
Minimum = 0,
Maximum = 1.7f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(rightKneeJoint);
Vector3F leftAnkleJointPosition = new Vector3F(-0.118f * scale, -0.016f * scale, 0.861f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint leftAnkleJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = leftFoot,
BodyB = leftLowerLeg,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(leftFoot.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftAnkleJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(leftLowerLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(leftAnkleJointPosition), leftLowerLeg.Pose.Orientation.Inverse),
Minimum = -0.4f,
Maximum = 0.9f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(leftAnkleJoint);
Vector3F rightAnkleJointPosition = new Vector3F(0.118f * scale, -0.016f * scale, 0.861f * scale) + ragdollPosition;
HingeJoint rightAnkleJoint = new HingeJoint
{
BodyA = rightFoot,
BodyB = rightLowerLeg,
AnchorPoseALocal = new Pose(rightFoot.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightAnkleJointPosition)),
AnchorPoseBLocal = new Pose(rightLowerLeg.Pose.ToLocalPosition(rightAnkleJointPosition), rightLowerLeg.Pose.Orientation.Inverse),
Minimum = -0.4f,
Maximum = 0.9f,
CollisionEnabled = false,
ErrorReduction = errorReduction,
Softness = softness,
MaxForce = maxForce,
};
simulation.Constraints.Add(rightAnkleJoint);
#endregion
#region ----- Add damping to improve stability -----
if (addDamping)
{
// Damping removes jiggling and improves stability.
softness = 0.05f;
maxForce = float.PositiveInfinity;
AddDamping(simulation, pelvis, torso, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, torso, head, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, torso, leftUpperArm, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, leftUpperArm, leftLowerArm, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, torso, rightUpperArm, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, rightUpperArm, rightLowerArm, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, pelvis, leftUpperLeg, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, pelvis, rightUpperLeg, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, leftUpperLeg, leftLowerLeg, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, rightUpperLeg, rightLowerLeg, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, leftLowerLeg, leftFoot, softness, maxForce);
AddDamping(simulation, rightLowerLeg, rightFoot, softness, maxForce);
}
#endregion
}
private float _slopeLimit = ConstantsF.PiOver4; // = 45°
#endregion Fields
#region Constructors
//--------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="KinematicCharacterController"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="simulation">The simulation.</param>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
/// <paramref name="simulation" /> is <see langword="null"/>.
/// </exception>
public DynamicCharacterController(Simulation simulation)
{
if (simulation == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("simulation");
Simulation = simulation;
CapsuleShape shape = new CapsuleShape(0.4f, 1.8f);
MassFrame mass = new MassFrame { Mass = 80 }; // Push strength is proportional to the mass!
UniformMaterial material = new UniformMaterial
{
// The body should be frictionless, so that it can be easily pushed by the simulation to
// valid positions. And it does not slow down when sliding along walls.
StaticFriction = 0.0f,
DynamicFriction = 0.0f,
// The body should not bounce when being hit or pushed.
Restitution = 0
};
Body = new RigidBody(shape, mass, material)
{
// We set the mass explicitly and it should not automatically change when the
// shape is changed; e.g. a ducked character has a smaller shape, but still the same mass.
AutoUpdateMass = false,
// This body is under our control and should never be deactivated by the simulation.
CanSleep = false,
CcdEnabled = true,
// The capsule does not rotate in any direction.
LockRotationX = true,
LockRotationY = true,
LockRotationZ = true,
Name = "CharacterController",
Pose = new Pose(new Vector3F(0, shape.Height / 2, 0)),
};
// Create a ray that senses the space below the capsule. The ray starts in the capsule
// center (to detect penetrations) and extends 0.4 units below the capsule bottom.
RayShape rayShape = new RayShape(Vector3F.Zero, -Vector3F.UnitY, shape.Height / 2 + 0.4f)
{
StopsAtFirstHit = true,
};
GeometricObject rayGeometry = new GeometricObject(rayShape, Body.Pose);
_ray = new CollisionObject(rayGeometry);
// Whenever the Body moves, the ray moves with it.
Body.PoseChanged += (s, e) => rayGeometry.Pose = Body.Pose;
// Enable the character controller. (Adds body to simulation.)
Enabled = true;
}
