static void StringEquality()
{
string a = "asdf";
string b = "asdf";
Console.WriteLine(a == b);
int n1 = 5;
int n2 = n1; // n2 gets a copy of the value of n1
var dummy1 = new Dummy();
var dummy2 = dummy1;
dummy1.Data = 10;
if (dummy2.Data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("value type");
}
var vDummy1 = new ValueDummy();
var vDummy2 = vDummy1;
vDummy1.Data = 10;
if (vDummy2.Data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("value type");
}
// reference types need to be "garbage collected" because we don't know right away
// when the LAST variable pointing to it has passed out of scope
Console.WriteLine(new Dummy() == new Dummy());
int i1 = 5;
object o2 = i1;
// This is called "boxing" - the int is wrapped inside a reference type
int i2 = (int)o2; // extract that value from inside the object wrapper
}
static void StringEquality()
{
string a = "asdf";
string b = "asdf";
Console.WriteLine(a == b); // returns true
// value types and reference types.
// value type variables store their values directly.
// reference type variables store a reference to their value.
// in C#, many of our basic types are value types:
// int, double, bool, float, long
int n1 = 5;
int n2 = n1; // int is value type, so n2 is a copy of n1
var dummy1 = new Dummy();
var dummy2 = dummy1;
dummy1.Data = 10;
if (dummy2.Data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("value type");
}
// Dummy is a reference type, so dummy2 is a copy of the reference,
// i.e. a new reference to the same object.
// objects made from classes are reference types, always
// objects made from structs are value types.
// all the built-in value types are "structs" in C#.
var vDummy1 = new ValueDummy();
var vDummy2 = vDummy1;
vDummy1.Data = 10;
if (vDummy2.Data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("value type");
}
// structs are copied entirely every time we pass it to a new method
// or assign it to a new variable.
// value types are deleted from memory as soon as the one variable that contains
// them passes out of scope.
// reference types, we get a new copy of a reference,
// but to the same underlying object.
// reference types need to be "garbage collected" because we don't know right away
// when the LAST variable pointing to it has passed out of scope.
// in C# we have the idea of "managed" vs "unmanaged" code -
// in unmanaged code, you have to manually write the code to
// delete reference type objects from memory, source of many bugs.
// in managed code, there is garbage collection the runs periodically
// to search for objects that are unreachable by any running part of the code.
// our tradeoff is, the computer should work harder so the developer can solve
// real problems
// back to strings......
// NORMALLY "==" compares value types by value, and reference types by reference.
Console.WriteLine(new Dummy() == new Dummy()); // false... reference types.
// for value types like structs, they don't have to be the same object
// just have the same values.
// BUT we make an exception for strings because it's awkward to have to
// do string.Equals() for comparing strings.
// in C#, all value types do derive ultimately from object.
// so, we can always upcast them to object variables.
int i1 = 5;
object o2 = i1; // implicit upcasting
// this is called "boxing" - the int is wrapped inside a reference type
// to give that value reference type semantics
// "unboxing"... the reverse, with downcasting.
int i2 = (int)o2; // extract that value from inside the object wrapper.
i1 = 8;
Console.WriteLine((int)o2); // should print 5
// java has awkward Integer vs int distinctions
// we have this as boxing and unboxing with object.
// sometimes we want to see if two objects have the same values in them
// for that, we make use of .Equals
}
static void StringEquality()
{
string a = "asdf";
string b = "asdf";
Console.WriteLine(a == b); //returns true
//value types and reference types:
// value type variables store their values directly
// reference type variables store a reference to their value
//in C#, many of our basic types are value types
// int, double, float, bool, long, etc.
int n1 = 5;
int n2 = n1; //int is value type, so n2 is a copy of n1
n1 = 6; //n2 stays at 5 because it's a value type
var dummy1 = new Dummy();
var dummy2 = dummy1;
dummy1.data = 10;
if (dummy2.data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("value type");
}
//Dummy is a reference type so dummy2 is a copy of the reference,
// i.e. a reference to the same object; changes to dummy1 will
// also change dummy2
var dummy3 = new ValueDummy();
var dummy4 = dummy3;
dummy3.data = 10;
if (dummy4.data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("value type");
}
//structs are copie entirely every time we pass it to a new method
// or assign it to a new variable
//value types are deleted from memory as soon as the one variable
// that contains them passes out of scope
//reference types we get a new copy of a reference but to the same
// underlying object
//reference types need to be "garbage collected" because we don't
// know right away when the LAST variable pointing to it passed
// out of scope.
//objects made from classes are always reference types
//objects made from structs are value types
//all the built-in value types are "structs" in C#
//in C# we hav ethe idea of "managed" vs "unmanaged" code
//in unmanaged code you have to manually write the code to
// delete reference from memory
//in managed code, there is garbage collection that runs periodically
// to search for objects that are unreachable by any running part of the code
//our tradeoff is, the computer should work harder so the deeloper can solve
// real problems
//back to strings......
//NORMALLY "==" compares value types by value and reference types by reference
Console.WriteLine(new Dummy() == new Dummy()); //false... reference types
//For value types like struct, they don't need to be the same object, only
// the same value
//BUT we make an exception for strings because it's awkward to have to
// do string.Equals() for comparing strings.
//In C# all value types do derive ultimately from object so we can always
// upcast them to object variables
int i1 = 5;
object o1 = i1; //implicit upcasting going on
//this is caleld "boxing" - the int is wrapped inside a reference type
// to give that value reference type semantics
//Java has awkward Integer vs int distinctions
//we have this as boxing and unboxing with object
//"Unboxing" the reverse, with downcasting
int i2 = (int)02; //extract that value from inside the object wrapper
//sometimes we want to see if two objects have ethe same values in them
// for that we make use of a .Equals method
}
static void StringEquality()
{
string a = "asdf";
string b = "asdf";
Console.WriteLine(a == b); //returns true
//value types and reference types
//value types vars store their values directly
// ref type var stores a ref to their val
// in c# many of our basic types are value types
// int, double, bool, float, long
int n1 = 5;
int n2 = n1; // int is value type so n2 gets a copy of n1
var dummy1 = new Dummy();
var dummy2 = dummy1;
dummy1.Data = 10;
if (dummy2.Data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Value type");
}
// Dummy is a ref type, so dummy2 is a copy of the ref
// e.g. a new ref to the same object
// obj made from classes are ref types, always
// obj made from structs are value types
// all the built in val types are structs in c#
var vDummy1 = new ValueDummy();
var vDummy2 = vDummy1;
vDummy2.Data = 10;
if (vDummy2.Data == 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("reference type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Value type");
}
//structs are copied entirely every time we pass it to a new method or assign to a new var
// value types are deleted from mem as soon as it goes out of scope
// ref types we get a new copy of ref
// but to the same underlying obj
// ref types needs to be garbage collected because we don't know right away
// when the last var pointing to it has passed out of scope
// in C# we have idea of managed vs unmanaged code
// in unmanaged code you have to manually write the code to delete ref type obj from mem
// in managed code, there is a garbage that runs periodically
// to search for obj that are unreachable by any running parts of the code
// tradeoff, computer should work harder so the dev can solve real problems
// back to strings
// Normally '==' compares value types by value, and ref by ref
Console.WriteLine(new Dummy() == new Dummy()); //false... ref types
// for val types like structs, they don't have to be the same obj
// just have the same value
// but we have an exception for strings because it's awkward to have to
// do string.Equals() for comparing strings
//"abc" == "abc";
// in C#, all value types do derive ultimately from obj
// so we can always upcast them to obj vars
int i1 = 5;
object o2 = i1; //implicit upcasting, aka boxing
// the int is wrapped inside a ref type
// to give that value ref type semantics
// "unboxing" ... the reverse with downcasting
int i2 = (int)o2; // extract that valu from inside the obj wrapper
// java has awkward Integer vs int distinctions
// we have this as boxing and unboxing with object
// sometimes we want to see if two objs have the same values in them
// for that we make use of .Equals
}