private static void ExampleBitmap()
{
const string drive = @"\\.\C:";
Console.WriteLine(@"## Exmaple on {0} ##", drive);
SafeFileHandle volumeHandle = CreateFile(drive, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.ReadWrite, IntPtr.Zero, FileMode.Open, FileAttributes.Normal, IntPtr.Zero);
if (volumeHandle.IsInvalid)
{
int lastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
Console.WriteLine(@"!! Invalid {0}; Error ({1}): {2}", drive, lastError, new Win32Exception(lastError).Message);
Console.WriteLine();
return;
}
using (FilesystemDeviceWrapper fsIo = new FilesystemDeviceWrapper(volumeHandle, true))
{
// Bitmap
VOLUME_BITMAP_BUFFER bitmap = fsIo.FileSystemGetVolumeBitmap();
Console.WriteLine("Bitmap: {0:N0} clusters", bitmap.Buffer.Length);
int width = 10000;
int height = (int)Math.Ceiling(bitmap.BitmapSize / (double)width);
Console.WriteLine("W/H: {0:N0} / {1:N0}", width, height);
using (Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(width, height))
{
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp))
g.Clear(Color.Green);
for (int i = 0; i < bitmap.Buffer.Length; i++)
{
int x = i % width;
int y = i / width;
if (bitmap.Buffer[i])
{
bmp.SetPixel(x, y, Color.Black);
}
else
{
bmp.SetPixel(x, y, Color.White);
}
if (y % 100 == 0 && x == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0:N0} / {1:N0}", y, height);
}
}
bmp.Save("test.png", ImageFormat.Png);
}
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
/// <summary><see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364573(v=vs.85).aspx"/></summary>
public VOLUME_BITMAP_BUFFER FileSystemGetVolumeBitmap(ulong startingLcn = 0)
{
STARTING_LCN_INPUT_BUFFER startingLcnStruct = new STARTING_LCN_INPUT_BUFFER();
startingLcnStruct.StartingLcn = startingLcn;
// Fetch 128 bytes (this includes the size parameter of the VOLUME_BITMAP_BUFFER structure.
int lastError;
byte[] data = DeviceIoControlHelper.InvokeIoControl(Handle, IOControlCode.FsctlGetVolumeBitmap, 128, startingLcnStruct, out lastError);
// Is there more data? (Most often there is).
if (lastError == 234)
{
// Parse length attribute (2'nd 64-bit attribute)
uint newLength = (uint)BitConverter.ToUInt64(data, 8);
// Length: Clusters / 8 + 2x 64 bit numbers
newLength = (uint)Math.Ceiling(newLength / 8d) + 2 * 8;
data = DeviceIoControlHelper.InvokeIoControl(Handle, IOControlCode.FsctlGetVolumeBitmap, newLength, startingLcnStruct, out lastError);
}
// Ensure the last call to InvokeIoControl succeeded.
if (lastError != 0)
{
throw new Win32Exception(lastError, "Couldn't invoke FileSystemGetVolumeBitmap. LastError: " + Utils.GetWin32ErrorMessage(lastError));
}
// Build the VOLUME_BITMAP_BUFFER structure.
VOLUME_BITMAP_BUFFER res = new VOLUME_BITMAP_BUFFER();
res.StartingLcn = BitConverter.ToUInt64(data, 0);
res.BitmapSize = BitConverter.ToUInt64(data, sizeof(UInt64));
res.Buffer = new BitArray((int)res.BitmapSize);
for (int i = 0; i < res.Buffer.Length; i++)
{
int dataByteIndex = sizeof(UInt64) * 2 + i / 8;
byte dataByte = data[dataByteIndex];
int byteIdx = i % 8;
res.Buffer[i] = ((dataByte >> byteIdx) & 1) == 1;
}
return(res);
}
private static void ExampleDefragmentDir()
{
const string dir = @"C:\Windows";
string drive = @"\\.\" + Directory.GetDirectoryRoot(dir).Substring(0, 2);
Console.WriteLine(@"## Exmaple on {0} on drive {1} ##", dir, drive);
// Open volume to defragment on
SafeFileHandle driveHandle = CreateFile(drive, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.ReadWrite, IntPtr.Zero,
FileMode.Open, FileAttributes.Normal, IntPtr.Zero);
if (driveHandle.IsInvalid)
{
int lastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
Console.WriteLine(@"!! Invalid {0}; Error ({1}): {2}", drive, lastError, new Win32Exception(lastError).Message);
Console.WriteLine();
return;
}
using (FilesystemDeviceWrapper fsIo = new FilesystemDeviceWrapper(driveHandle, true))
{
// Get the drive bitmap
VOLUME_BITMAP_BUFFER bitmap = fsIo.FileSystemGetVolumeBitmap();
Console.WriteLine("Got the drive bitmap, it contains {0:N0} clusters and starts at LCN: {1:N0}", bitmap.BitmapSize, bitmap.StartingLcn);
string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(dir, "*", SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly);
Console.WriteLine("Beginning work on {0} files", files.Length);
foreach (string file in files)
{
Console.WriteLine("Beginning work on {0}", file);
// Open file to defragment
SafeFileHandle fileHandle = CreateFile(file, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite, IntPtr.Zero,
FileMode.Open, FileAttributes.Normal, IntPtr.Zero);
if (fileHandle.IsInvalid)
{
int lastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
Console.WriteLine(@"!! Invalid {0}; Error ({1}): {2}", file, lastError, new Win32Exception(lastError).Message);
continue;
}
using (FilesystemDeviceWrapper fileIo = new FilesystemDeviceWrapper(fileHandle, true))
{
// Find all fragments of the file
FileExtentInfo[] extents;
try
{
extents = fileIo.FileSystemGetRetrievalPointers();
}
catch (Win32Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Couldn't get file extents: " + ex.Message);
continue;
}
if (extents.Length == 1)
{
Console.WriteLine("File is already defragmented");
continue;
}
Console.WriteLine("File has {0} fragments", extents.Length);
// Calculate number of clusters we need to find
int clustersNeeded = (int)extents.Sum(s => (decimal)s.Size);
Console.WriteLine("We need to find {0:N0} free clusters, for this file.", clustersNeeded);
// Find a sequential area of [clustersNeeded] free clusters
ulong foundFreeLCN = 0; // The result of the search
uint maxStart = (uint)(bitmap.Buffer.Length - (decimal)clustersNeeded); // There's no point searching beyond this LCN
// Enumerate clusters
for (uint i = 0; i < maxStart; i++)
{
// Check bitmap, find location with [clustersNeeded] free clusters
bool found = true;
for (uint x = i; x < i + clustersNeeded; x++)
{
if (bitmap.Buffer[(int)x])
{
// Found an occupied cluster
found = false;
// Advance the pointer, so that we don't have to re-search the same clusters again.
i = x;
break;
}
}
if (found)
{
// We found a free block!
foundFreeLCN = i + bitmap.StartingLcn;
break;
}
}
// Did we find a free area?
if (foundFreeLCN > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Found {0:N0} free clusters starting at LCN: {1:N0}", clustersNeeded, foundFreeLCN);
try
{
fsIo.FileSystemMoveFile(fileHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), 0, foundFreeLCN, (uint)clustersNeeded);
// Mark newly used areas as used
ulong upperFreeLCN = foundFreeLCN + (ulong)clustersNeeded;
for (ulong i = foundFreeLCN; i < upperFreeLCN; i++)
{
bitmap.Buffer[(int)i] = true;
}
// Mark newly freed areas as free
foreach (FileExtentInfo extent in extents)
{
for (ulong i = extent.Lcn; i < extent.Lcn + extent.Size; i++)
{
bitmap.Buffer[(int)i] = false;
}
}
}
catch (Win32Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Unable to move file: " + ex.Message);
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Unable to find {0:N0} contigous free clusters", clustersNeeded);
}
extents = fileIo.FileSystemGetRetrievalPointers();
Console.WriteLine("File now has {0} fragment(s)", extents.Length);
}
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Done... ");
Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine();
}
