public void AgentEvaluationTest()
{
Console.WriteLine("AgentEvaluationTest");
int dim = 3;
string [] names = new string [3] {
"x", "y", "z"
};
double [] mins = new double [3] {
0.0, 0.0, 0.0
};
double [] maxs = new double [3] {
100.0, 100.0, 100.0
};
IBlauSpace s = BlauSpace.create(dim, names, mins, maxs);
string PROPERTY = "NetWorth";
IAgentEvaluation ae = new AgentEvaluation(PROPERTY, null);
IBlauPoint mean = new BlauPoint(s);
mean.setCoordinate(0, 10.0);
mean.setCoordinate(1, 20.0);
mean.setCoordinate(2, 30.0);
IBlauPoint std = new BlauPoint(s);
std.setCoordinate(0, 2.0);
std.setCoordinate(1, 4.0);
std.setCoordinate(2, 6.0);
IDistribution d = new Distribution_Gaussian(s, mean, std);
IAgentFactory afact = new AgentDummy_Factory(d);
int NUMAGENTS = 100;
IAgent[] agents = new IAgent[NUMAGENTS];
for (int i = 0; i < NUMAGENTS; i++)
{
agents[i] = afact.create();
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(metrics_tests), "agent[" + i + "]: " + agents[i]);
}
double VAL = 1.0;
for (int i = 0; i < NUMAGENTS; i++)
{
ae.set(agents[i], VAL);
}
for (int i = 0; i < NUMAGENTS; i++)
{
Assert.AreEqual(ae.eval(agents[i]), VAL);
}
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(metrics_tests), "ae: " + ae.ToStringLong());
}
public ISimEventHandle Register(ISimEntity sender, ISimEntity target, ISimEvent simEvent, double t)
{
if (t < 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot register an event in the past!");
System.Diagnostics.StackTrace st = new StackTrace(true);
Console.WriteLine(st.ToString());
Environment.Exit(-1);
}
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Scheduler), "@ " + Scheduler.GetTime() + " Register src:" + sender + " dst:" + target + " ev:" + simEvent + " t:" + t);
double deliveryTime = Scheduler.GetTime() + t;
ISimEventHandle eventHandle = new SimEventHandle(sender, target, simEvent, new UniqueDouble(deliveryTime));
HashSet <ISimEventHandle> eventsFrom = Instance().GetEventsFrom(eventHandle.Sender);
eventsFrom.Add(eventHandle);
HashSet <ISimEventHandle> eventsTo = Instance().GetEventsTo(eventHandle.Target);
eventsTo.Add(eventHandle);
Instance()._ud2ehandle.Add(eventHandle.UDT, eventHandle);
return(eventHandle);
}
protected override IAgent create(IBlauPoint pt, IAgentFactory creator, int id)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(Agent1x0), "Agent1x0_Factory creating agent " + id);
IAgent dupe = new Agent1x0(pt, creator, id, _lambda, _gamma, _burnin);
return(dupe);
}
public void Run()
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Scheduler), "Scheduler: At start of Run() _ud2ehandle.Size(): " + _ud2ehandle.Count);
_done = false;
do
{
if (_ud2ehandle.Count == 0)
{
_done = true;
}
else
{
KeyValuePair <IUniqueDouble, ISimEventHandle> kvp = _ud2ehandle.FindMin();
IUniqueDouble udt = kvp.Key;
ISimEventHandle eventHandle = kvp.Value;
_timeNow = udt.Value;
eventHandle.Sim_Event.Entering(eventHandle.Target);
eventHandle.Target.Recv(eventHandle.Sender, eventHandle.Sim_Event);
eventHandle.Sender.DeliveryAck(eventHandle);
Deregister(eventHandle);
}
}while (!_done);
KillAll();
Reset();
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Scheduler), "Scheduler: At end of Run() _ud2ehandle.Size(): " + _ud2ehandle.Count);
}
public void RandomWalkTest()
{
Console.WriteLine("RandomWalkTest");
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(hurst_tests), LogLevel.Debug);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(TrajectoryTransformer_Hurst), LogLevel.Info);
double y = 0.0;
ITrajectory traj = new Trajectory("data", 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
for (double x = 0.0; x < WINDOW; x += 1.0)
{
double STEP;
if (SingletonRandomGenerator.Instance.NextDouble() <= 0.5)
{
STEP = 0.1;
}
else
{
STEP = -0.1;
}
y = y + STEP;
// traj.add(x,y);
traj.add(x, STEP);
}
ITrajectoryTransformer tx = new TrajectoryTransformer_Hurst(WINDOW, 1.0);
ITrajectory trajHurst = tx.eval(traj);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(hurst_tests), "Hurst of RandomWalk\n");
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(hurst_tests), "" + trajHurst.ToStringLong());
}
public void LinearHurstTest()
{
Console.WriteLine("LinearHurstTest");
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(hurst_tests), LogLevel.Debug);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(TrajectoryTransformer_Hurst), LogLevel.Debug);
double m = 0.1;
double b = 0.0;
ITrajectory traj = new Trajectory("data", 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
double INC = 1.0;
for (double x = 0.0; x < WINDOW; x += INC)
{
double NOISE_SCALE = 0.0001;
double noise = 2.0 * NOISE_SCALE * SingletonRandomGenerator.Instance.NextDouble() - NOISE_SCALE;
double y = m * INC + noise;
traj.add(x, y);
}
ITrajectoryTransformer tx = new TrajectoryTransformer_Hurst(WINDOW, 1.0);
ITrajectory trajHurst = tx.eval(traj);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(hurst_tests), "Hurst of y = " + m + " x + " + b + "\n");
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(hurst_tests), "" + trajHurst.ToStringLong());
}
public override void SimulationEndNotification()
{
// Console.WriteLine("XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX "+this+"; time now is: "+TimeNow);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(TrajectoryFactory_Price), "SimulationEndNotification");
MyTrajectory.add(TimeNow, Orderbook.getNumBids());
}
public void TrajectoryTest()
{
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(signal_tests), LogLevel.Debug);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(Trajectory), LogLevel.Debug);
Trajectory t = new Trajectory("test trajectory", 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.Name, "test trajectory");
t.add(0.0, 2.0);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(signal_tests), "traj: " + t);
Assert.AreEqual(t.Times.Count, 1);
Assert.AreEqual(t.eval(-1.0), 2.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.eval(+3.0), 2.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.MaximumTime, 0.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.MinimumTime, 0.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.Times.Count, 1);
t.add(2.0, 0.0);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(signal_tests), "traj: " + t);
Assert.AreEqual(t.Times.Count, 2);
Assert.AreEqual(t.eval(-1.0), 2.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.eval(+3.0), 0.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.eval(+1.0), 1.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.MaximumTime, 2.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.MinimumTime, 0.0);
Assert.AreEqual(t.Times.Count, 2);
}
// validate blauspace for required axes
protected bool ValidateSampleSpace(IBlauSpace space)
{
bool valid = true;
foreach (string s in _requiredAxes)
{
if (!_dist.SampleSpace.hasAxis(s))
{
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().ErrorLog(typeof(AbstractAgentFactory), "AbstractAgentFactory requires " + s + " but it is not present in the BlauSpace of distribution " + _dist);
}
valid = false;
}
}
/*
* if (_requiredAxes.Count != _dist.SampleSpace.Dimension) {
* if (LoggerDiags.Enabled) SingletonLogger.Instance().WarningLog(typeof(AbstractAgentFactory), "AbstractAgentFactory requires "+_requiredAxes.Count+" but the BlauSpace has dimension: "+_dist.SampleSpace.Dimension);
* valid = false;
* }
*/
return(valid);
}
// receive a signal from the Matcher (via the Simulation, via the Population) that an order has been filled
public void recvOrderNotification(IOrderbook_Agent ob, IOrderbookEvent evt)
{
// Fill order events
if (evt is IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder)
{
IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder fillEvent = (IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder)evt;
IOrder filledOrder = fillEvent.getOrder();
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(AbstractAgent), "AbstractAgent " + GetName() + " Fill " + filledOrder + " @ " + Scheduler.GetTime());
if (filledOrder.isBid())
{
AccumulateHoldings(+1 * fillEvent.getVolume());
}
else
{
AccumulateHoldings(-1 * fillEvent.getVolume());
}
if (fillEvent.orderFilled())
{
RemoveFromOpenOrderList(filledOrder);
FilledOrderNotification(filledOrder, fillEvent.getExecutionPrice(), fillEvent.getVolume());
}
else
{
PartialFilledOrderNotification(filledOrder, fillEvent.getExecutionPrice(), fillEvent.getVolume());
}
}
// Add and Cancel events are not forwarded to agents by the Population class
}
public void RandomBinaryTest()
{
Console.WriteLine("RandomBinaryTest");
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(hurst_tests), LogLevel.Debug);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(TrajectoryTransformer_Hurst), LogLevel.Debug);
double y = 0.0;
ITrajectory traj = new Trajectory("data", 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
bool pos = true;
for (double x = 0.0; x < WINDOW; x += 1.0)
{
if (pos)
{
y = 1.0;
traj.add(x, y);
pos = false;
}
else
{
y = -1.0;
traj.add(x, y);
pos = true;
}
}
ITrajectoryTransformer tx = new TrajectoryTransformer_Hurst(WINDOW, 1.0);
ITrajectory trajHurst = tx.eval(traj);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(hurst_tests), "Hurst of Random Alternating\n");
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(hurst_tests), "" + trajHurst.ToStringLong());
}
public void recvOrderbookNotification(IOrderbook_Matcher ob, IOrderbookEvent evt)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Simulation), "recvOrderbookNotification");
if (ob == _ob)
{
SimulationEvent se = new SimulationEvent(evt);
if (evt is IOrderbookEvent_AddOrder)
{
notifyAllTrajectoryFactories(se);
notifyAllAgentEvaluationFactories(se);
}
else if (evt is IOrderbookEvent_CancelOrder)
{
notifyAllTrajectoryFactories(se);
notifyAllAgentEvaluationFactories(se);
}
else if (evt is IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Simulation), "IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder");
notifyPopulation(se);
notifyAllTrajectoryFactories(se);
notifyAllAgentEvaluationFactories(se);
}
}
}
protected override IAgent create(IBlauPoint pt, IAgentFactory creator, int id)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(Agent0x1), "Agent0x1_Factory creating agent " + id);
IAgent dupe = new Agent0x1(pt, creator, id);
return(dupe);
}
public void AgentOrderbookLoaderTest()
{
Console.WriteLine("AgentOrderbookLoaderTest");
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(sim_tests), LogLevel.Debug);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(AbstractAgent), LogLevel.Info);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(AgentOrderbookLoader), LogLevel.Info);
string PATH = "" + ApplicationConfig.EXECDIR + "orderbooks/orderbook.csv";
AgentOrderbookLoader loader = MakeAgentOrderbookLoader(PATH);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(metrics_tests), "AgentOrderbookLoader: " + loader);
IOrderbook_Observable ob = new Orderbook();
IPopulation pop = new Population();
pop.addAgent(loader);
ISimulation sim = new Simulation(pop, ob, 0.0, 100.0);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "Running Simulation");
ISimulationResults res = sim.run();
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "Stopping Simulation");
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "ob: " + ob.ToStringLong());
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "res: " + res.ToStringLong());
Assert.AreEqual(res.Valid, true);
}
public static void ThreadLogger()
{
for (int nIter = 0; nIter < 100; nIter++)
{
SingletonLogger.GetInstance().LogMsg(String.Format("Writing Message {0}", nIter));
}
}
public void validateMetrics(int expected)
{
if (_metrics.Count != expected)
{
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(AbstractAgent), "AbstractAgent " + GetName() + " we got a problem with the number of metrics present");
}
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(AbstractAgent), "AbstractAgent " + GetName() + ", # of _metrics present: " + _metrics.Count);
}
foreach (string x in _metrics.Keys)
{
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(AbstractAgent), "AbstractAgent " + GetName() + " _metric: " + x + " which has value " + _metrics[x]);
}
}
throw new Exception("AbstractAgent " + GetName() + " validateMetrics failed, expected " + expected + " but found " + _metrics.Count);
}
}
public void recvSimulationNotification(ISimulationParameters sim, ISimulationEvent se)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory), "AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory recvSimulationNotification");
// events received from ISimulation
if (se.OrderbookEvent == null)
{
if (se is ISimulationStart)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory), "AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory SET Sim!");
_sim = sim;
reset();
SimulationStartNotification();
}
if (se is ISimulationEnd)
{
SimulationEndNotification();
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory), "AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory CLEAR Sim!");
_sim = null;
}
}
else
{
if (_sim == null)
{
// too late
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory), "AbstractPassiveTrajectoryFactory Too Late!");
return;
}
if (se.OrderbookEvent is IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder)
{
IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder fillEvent = (IOrderbookEvent_FillOrder)se.OrderbookEvent;
IOrder filledOrder = fillEvent.getOrder();
if (fillEvent.orderFilled())
{
FilledOrderNotification(filledOrder, fillEvent.getExecutionPrice(), fillEvent.getVolume());
}
else
{
PartialFilledOrderNotification(filledOrder, fillEvent.getExecutionPrice(), fillEvent.getVolume());
}
}
else if (se.OrderbookEvent is IOrderbookEvent_AddOrder)
{
IOrderbookEvent_AddOrder addEvent = (IOrderbookEvent_AddOrder)se.OrderbookEvent;
IOrder newOrder = addEvent.getOrder();
NewOrderNotification(newOrder);
}
else if (se.OrderbookEvent is IOrderbookEvent_CancelOrder)
{
IOrderbookEvent_CancelOrder cancelEvent = (IOrderbookEvent_CancelOrder)se.OrderbookEvent;
IOrder cancelledOrder = cancelEvent.getOrder();
CancelOrderNotification(cancelledOrder);
}
}
}
public void DistributionSpaceIterator_GaussianMixtureTest()
{
Console.WriteLine("DistributionSpaceIterator_GaussianMixtureTest");
double mean = 70.0;
double std = 1.0;
IDistribution d1 = create1DGaussian(mean, std);
double mean2 = 20.0;
double std2 = 1.0;
IDistribution d2 = create1DGaussian(mean2, std2);
int dim = 1;
string [] names = new string [1] {
"x"
};
double [] mins = new double [1] {
0.00
};
double [] maxs = new double [1] {
100.0
};
IBlauSpace s = BlauSpace.create(dim, names, mins, maxs);
Mixture d = new Mixture(s);
d.Add(d1, 0.75);
d.Add(d2, 0.25);
d.DistributionComplete();
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(dist_tests), "original distribution: " + d);
DistributionSpace ds = new DistributionSpace(d);
int [] steps = new int[ds.ParamSpace.Dimension];
for (int N = 3; N <= 5; N++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < ds.ParamSpace.Dimension; i++)
{
steps[i] = N;
}
IDistributionSpaceIterator it = ds.iterator(steps);
int count = 0;
int validCt = 0;
foreach (IDistribution diter in it)
{
if (diter.IsValid())
{
validCt++;
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(dist_tests), "iterator distribution: " + diter);
}
count++;
}
Assert.AreEqual((N + 1) * (N + 1) * (N + 1) * (N + 1) * (N + 1) * (N + 1), count);
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(dist_tests), "N=" + N + " valid distributions: " + validCt + " / total: " + count);
}
}
public override void PartialFilledOrderNotification(IOrder partialOrder, double price, int volume)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(TrajectoryFactory_Price), "PartialFilledOrderNotification");
if (Orderbook.isNonDegenerate())
{
MyTrajectory.add(TimeNow, Orderbook.getNumBids());
}
}
internal void register(StreamingContext context)
{
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(BlauSpace), "REGISTERING BLAUSPACE");
}
BlauSpaceRegistry.Instance().add(this);
}
private void notifyAllTrajectoryFactories(ISimulationEvent se)
{
foreach (IPassiveTrajectoryFactory tf in _tflist)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Simulation), "notifyAllTrajectoryFactories");
tf.recvSimulationNotification(this, se);
}
}
protected override int GetAskVolume()
{
validateMetrics(7);
int answer = AskVolume_CONSTANT;
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Agent0x1), "I am " + this.ID + " GetAskVolume: " + answer);
return(answer);
}
protected override bool DecideToSubmitBid()
{
validateMetrics(7);
bool answer = (SingletonRandomGenerator.Instance.NextDouble() <= DecideToSubmitBid_PROBABILITY);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Agent0x1), "I am " + this.ID + " DecideToSubmitBid: " + answer);
return(answer);
}
public override void CancelOrderNotification(IOrder cancelledOrder)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(TrajectoryFactory_Price), "CancelOrderNotification");
if (Orderbook.isNonDegenerate())
{
MyTrajectory.add(TimeNow, Orderbook.getNumBids());
}
}
internal void register(StreamingContext context)
{
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(BlauSpaceLattice), "BSL OnDeserialized ...");
}
BlauSpaceLatticeRegistry.Instance().add(this);
}
public void Agent0x1Simulation_ZeroDimensional()
{
Console.WriteLine("Agent0x1Simulation_ZeroDimensional");
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(sim_tests), LogLevel.Debug);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(AbstractAgent), LogLevel.Info);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(AgentOrderbookLoader), LogLevel.Info);
LoggerInitialization.SetThreshold(typeof(Agent0x0), LogLevel.Info);
int dim = 0;
string [] names = new string [0];
double [] mins = new double [0];
double [] maxs = new double [0];
IBlauSpace s = BlauSpace.create(dim, names, mins, maxs);
IBlauPoint mean = new BlauPoint(s);
IBlauPoint std = new BlauPoint(s);
IDistribution d = new Distribution_Gaussian(s, mean, std);
IAgentFactory afact = new Agent0x0_Factory(d);
int NUMAGENTS = 10;
IPopulation pop = PopulationFactory.Instance().create(afact, NUMAGENTS);
foreach (IAgent ag in pop)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(metrics_tests), "agent: " + ag);
}
string PATH = "" + ApplicationConfig.EXECDIR + "orderbooks/orderbook.csv";
AgentOrderbookLoader loader = MakeAgentOrderbookLoader(PATH);
pop.addAgent(loader);
IOrderbook_Observable ob = new Orderbook();
string PROPERTY = "NetWorth";
IAgentEvaluationBundle aeb = new AgentEvaluationBundle(PROPERTY);
// 1 hours
ISimulation sim = new Simulation(pop, ob, 0.0, 3600.0);
NamedMetricAgentEvaluationFactory metricEF = new NamedMetricAgentEvaluationFactory(PROPERTY);
sim.add(metricEF);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "Running Simulation");
ISimulationResults res = sim.run();
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "Stopping Simulation");
IAgentEvaluation ae = metricEF.create();
aeb.addAgentEvaluation(ae);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "ob: " + ob.ToStringLong());
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "aeb: " + aeb.ToStringLong());
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(sim_tests), "res: " + res.ToStringLong());
Assert.AreEqual(res.Valid, true);
}
protected override bool DecideToCancelOpenOrder(IOrder openOrder) {
bool cancel = false;
if (_haveOrder) {
cancel = (SingletonRandomGenerator.Instance.NextDouble() <= _patience);
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Agent1x0), "I am "+this.ID+" CANCEL: "+cancel);
if (cancel) _haveOrder = false;
}
return cancel;
}
// constructor
public Population()
{
_agents = new List <IAgent>();
_name2agent = new Dictionary <string, IAgent>();
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(Population), "Population constructed");
}
}
public override void PartialFilledOrderNotification(IOrder partialOrder, double price, int volume) {
AccumulateNetWorth( ValuateTransaction(partialOrder, price, volume) );
SingletonLogger.Instance().DebugLog(typeof(Agent1x0), "XXX I am "+this.ID+" PARTLYEXECUTED time is "+Scheduler.GetTime()+
" filledOrder: "+partialOrder+
" Filled "+volume+" AT : "+price+
" OBprice: "+Orderbook.getPrice()+
" OBspread: "+Orderbook.getSpread() +
" My net worth is "+GetMetricValue(NetWorth_METRICNAME));
}
// deserializer consults the blauspace registry to avoid duplicate instantiations
public Object GetRealObject(StreamingContext context)
{
IBlauSpace s_validated = BlauSpaceRegistry.Instance().validate(this);
if (LoggerDiags.Enabled)
{
SingletonLogger.Instance().InfoLog(typeof(BlauSpace), "VALIDATING BLAUSPACE");
}
return(s_validated);
}
