//injection: loads the CLR on the specified thread of the specified process
//it thereafter basically does the following:
// appdomain=CLR->CreateDomain(setupparameters={..., AppBase-path, ...})
// asm=appdomain->load(specified assembly)
// asm->CreateInstance(specified type)
//... i could have used the default appdomain, but when i was testing remoting from the injected code
// i noticed that the defautl appdomain gets a basepath equal to that of the injected process, which
// causes Remoting to fail as client/server are referring different assembly paths, and the injected remoting
// code can't find the assembly when trying to read type info to setup remoting proxies.
// Changing the basepath is impossible, so we just create a new appdomain with the right basepath and
// run code there.
public static void Inject(ProcessHandler onprocess, ThreadHandler onthread, Assembly toinject, Type tocreate)
{
StreamHandler sh = new StreamHandler(onprocess);
IntPtr RemotePage = onprocess.Allocate(4096);//allocate one page of readable, writable and executable memory
//inject data
sh.Position = (long)RemotePage;
//write GUIDs
//- write CLSID_CorRuntimeHost
IntPtr pCLSIDCorRuntimeHost = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write(CLSID_CorRuntimeHost.ToByteArray(), 0, 16);
//- write IID_ICorRuntimeHost
IntPtr pIID_ICorRuntimeHost = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write(IID_ICorRuntimeHost.ToByteArray(), 0, 16);
//- write IID_IAppSetup (not the actualy name i think)
IntPtr pIID_IAppSetup = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write(IID_IAppSetup.ToByteArray(), 0, 16);
//- write IID_IAppDomain (not the actualy name i think)
IntPtr pIID_IAppDomain = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write(IID_IAppDomain.ToByteArray(), 0, 16);
//- write VARIANT (result var for AppDomain.CreateInstance)
UINTARG VariantArg = new UINTARG(0);
IntPtr pVariant = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <UINTARG>(VariantArg);
//reserve space for variables (<- this could be done better by using the stack?)
//- reserve uint stackbackup
IntPtr pStackBackup = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve RuntimeObject pointer
IntPtr pRuntimeObject = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve Module Handle pointer
IntPtr pHandle = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve Setup Object pointer (IUnknown version)
IntPtr pSetupObject = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve AppSetup Object pointer (after QueryInterface, so IAppSetup version)
IntPtr pAppSetupObject = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve AppDomain object pointer (IUnknown version)
IntPtr pDomainObject = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve AppDomain object pointer (IAppDomain version, after QueryInterface)
IntPtr pAppDomainObject = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve Assembly object pointer
IntPtr pAsm = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- reserve uint function pointers
IntPtr pCorBindToRuntimeEx = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.Write <uint>(0);
//- write strings (for loadlibrary calls)
sh.EnsureAlignment(2);
IntPtr pStrCorBindToRuntimeEx = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.WriteString("CorBindToRuntimeEx");
sh.EnsureAlignment(2);
IntPtr pStrMSCorEE = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.WriteString("MSCorEE.dll");
sh.EnsureAlignment(2);
IntPtr pStrwks = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.WriteUnicodeString("wks");//workstation mode
sh.EnsureAlignment(2);
IntPtr pStrDomainName = (IntPtr)sh.Position;
sh.WriteUnicodeString("injected_domain_" + onprocess.PID.ToString("X"));
sh.EnsureAlignment(2);
IntPtr pStrAppBase = (IntPtr)(sh.Position + 4);//+4 to skip pre-pendend length
sh.WriteBSTR(System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(toinject.Location));
sh.EnsureAlignment(2);
IntPtr pAssemblyName = (IntPtr)(sh.Position + 4);//+4 to skip pre-pendend length
sh.WriteBSTR(toinject.GetName().Name);
sh.EnsureAlignment(2);
IntPtr pTypeName = (IntPtr)(sh.Position + 4);//+4 to skip pre-pendend length
sh.WriteBSTR(tocreate.FullName);
//get required function addresses
//- LoadLibraryA, GetProcAddress from KERNEL32.dll
uint pLoadLibraryA = onprocess.MainModule.PEHeader.ImportedLibraries["KERNEL32.dll"].ImportedSymbols["LoadLibraryA"].Address;
uint pGetProcAddress = onprocess.MainModule.PEHeader.ImportedLibraries["KERNEL32.dll"].ImportedSymbols["GetProcAddress"].Address;
//build code
AsmBuilder _asm = new AsmBuilder();
//safety measures : push all registers, save the stack pointer
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushAll());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new BackupEsp((uint)pStackBackup));
//build loadlibrary, getprocaddress calls to get the pCorBindToRuntimeEx from MSCorEE.dll
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pStrMSCorEE));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallRelative((int)pLoadLibraryA));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovMemoryEax((uint)pHandle));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pStrCorBindToRuntimeEx));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallRelative((int)pGetProcAddress));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovMemoryEax((uint)pCorBindToRuntimeEx));
//build CorBindToRuntimeEx call
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pRuntimeObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pIID_ICorRuntimeHost));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pCLSIDCorRuntimeHost));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate(2));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pStrwks));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)0));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallFunctionPointer((uint)pCorBindToRuntimeEx));
//pRuntimeObject->Start()
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pRuntimeObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pRuntimeObject));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0x28));//Start() is at 0x28 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//pRuntimeObject->CreateDomainSetup(IUnkown ** pSetup)
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pSetupObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pRuntimeObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pRuntimeObject));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0x48));//CreateDomainSetup() is at 0x48 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//pSetupObject->QueryInterface(&IID_IAppSetup, IID_IAppSetup ** pAppsetup)
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pAppSetupObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pIID_IAppSetup));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pSetupObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pSetupObject));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0x0));//QueryInterface() is at 0x0 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//AppSetup->put_ApplicationBase(BSTR pStrAppBase)
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pStrAppBase));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pAppSetupObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pAppSetupObject));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0x10));//put_ApplicationBase is at 0x10 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//pRuntimeObject->CreateDomainEx(unicode string pStrDomainName,pAppSetup,0,&pDomain);
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pDomainObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate(0));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pAppSetupObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pStrDomainName));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pRuntimeObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pRuntimeObject));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0x44));//CreateDomainEx is at 0x44 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//pDomainObject->QueryInterface(IID_IDomain, IAppDomain * pAppDomain)
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pAppDomainObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pIID_IAppDomain));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pDomainObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pDomainObject));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0x0));//QueryInterface is at 0x0 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//pAppDomain->Load_2(pAssemblyName, &pAsm)
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pAsm));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pAssemblyName));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pAppDomainObject));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pAppDomainObject));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0xB0));//Load_2 is at 0xB0 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//pAsm->CreateInstance(pTypeName,&pVariant)
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pVariant));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushImmediate((uint)pTypeName));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEaxMemory((uint)pAsm));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new MovEcxMemory((uint)pAsm));//<- shouldn't be necessary, it's not a C++ object, but a COM object, so this doesn't have to be stored in ecx
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PushEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEax());
_asm.Instructions.Add(new DereferEaxTable(0xA4));//CreateInstance is at 0xA4 in the vtbl
_asm.Instructions.Add(new CallEax());
//freelibrary?
//safety measures : restore stack pointer, pop all registers
_asm.Instructions.Add(new RestoreEsp((uint)pStackBackup));
_asm.Instructions.Add(new PopAll());
//write code
//- suspend thread
onthread.Suspend();
//- read the context
ThreadHandler.CONTEXT ctx = onthread.Context;
//- add a jmp to the original eip
_asm.Instructions.Add(new JmpRelative((int)ctx.Eip));
//- code will be written at half the allocated page
ctx.Eip = ((uint)RemotePage + (4096 / 2));
//- write code
_asm.Write(onprocess, (int)ctx.Eip);
//- set the thread's context (EIP now points to our code)
onthread.Context = ctx;
//- resume the thread (our code executes and jumps back to the original eip)
onthread.Resume();
}