// This leaves the GCD in reg1 and trash in reg2.
// This uses Lehmer's method, with test due to Jebelean / Belnkiy and Vidunas.
// See Knuth, vol 2, page 345; Jebelean (1993) "Improving the Multiprecision Euclidean Algorithm";
// and Belenkiy & Vidunas (1998) "A Greatest Common Divisor Algorithm".
private static void LehmerGcd(ref BigIntegerBuilder reg1, ref BigIntegerBuilder reg2)
{
// This value has no real significance. Occ----ionally we want to subtract
// the two registers and keep the absolute value of the difference. To do
// so we need to pass a ref sign to Sub.
int signTmp = +1;
for (;;)
{
int cuMax = reg1._iuLast + 1;
int cuMin = reg2._iuLast + 1;
if (cuMax < cuMin)
{
NumericsHelpers.Swap(ref reg1, ref reg2);
NumericsHelpers.Swap(ref cuMax, ref cuMin);
}
if (cuMin == 1)
{
if (cuMax == 1)
{
reg1._uSmall = NumericsHelpers.GCD(reg1._uSmall, reg2._uSmall);
}
else if (reg2._uSmall != 0)
{
reg1.Set(NumericsHelpers.GCD(Mod(ref reg1, reg2._uSmall), reg2._uSmall));
}
return;
}
if (cuMax == 2)
{
reg1.Set(NumericsHelpers.GCD(reg1.GetHigh2(2), reg2.GetHigh2(2)));
return;
}
if (cuMin <= cuMax - 2)
{
// reg1 is much larger than reg2, so just mod.
reg1.Mod(ref reg2);
continue;
}
ulong uu1 = reg1.GetHigh2(cuMax);
ulong uu2 = reg2.GetHigh2(cuMax);
int cbit = NumericsHelpers.CbitHighZero(uu1 | uu2);
if (cbit > 0)
{
uu1 = (uu1 << cbit) | (reg1._rgu[cuMax - 3] >> (kcbitUint - cbit));
// Note that [cuMax - 3] is correct, NOT [cuMin - 3].
uu2 = (uu2 << cbit) | (reg2._rgu[cuMax - 3] >> (kcbitUint - cbit));
}
if (uu1 < uu2)
{
NumericsHelpers.Swap(ref uu1, ref uu2);
NumericsHelpers.Swap(ref reg1, ref reg2);
}
// Make sure we don't overflow.
if (uu1 == ulong.MaxValue || uu2 == ulong.MaxValue)
{
uu1 >>= 1;
uu2 >>= 1;
}
if (uu1 == uu2)
{
// The high bits are the same, so we don't know which
// is larger. No matter, just subtract one from the other
// and keep the absolute value of the result.
reg1.Sub(ref signTmp, ref reg2);
continue;
}
if (NumericsHelpers.GetHi(uu2) == 0)
{
// reg1 is much larger than reg2, so just mod.
reg1.Mod(ref reg2);
continue;
}
// These are the coefficients to apply to reg1 and reg2 to get
// the new values, using: a * reg1 - b * reg2 and -c * reg1 + d * reg2.
uint a = 1, b = 0;
uint c = 0, d = 1;
for (;;)
{
uint uQuo = 1;
ulong uuNew = uu1 - uu2;
while (uuNew >= uu2 && uQuo < 32)
{
uuNew -= uu2;
uQuo++;
}
if (uuNew >= uu2)
{
ulong uuQuo = uu1 / uu2;
if (uuQuo > uint.MaxValue)
{
break;
}
uQuo = (uint)uuQuo;
uuNew = uu1 - uQuo * uu2;
}
ulong uuAdNew = a + (ulong)uQuo * c;
ulong uuBcNew = b + (ulong)uQuo * d;
if (uuAdNew > int.MaxValue || uuBcNew > int.MaxValue)
{
break;
}
// Jebelean / Belenkiy-Vidunas conditions
if (uuNew < uuBcNew || uuNew + uuAdNew > uu2 - c)
{
break;
}
a = (uint)uuAdNew;
b = (uint)uuBcNew;
uu1 = uuNew;
if (uu1 <= b)
{
break;
}
uQuo = 1;
uuNew = uu2 - uu1;
while (uuNew >= uu1 && uQuo < 32)
{
uuNew -= uu1;
uQuo++;
}
if (uuNew >= uu1)
{
ulong uuQuo = uu2 / uu1;
if (uuQuo > uint.MaxValue)
{
break;
}
uQuo = (uint)uuQuo;
uuNew = uu2 - uQuo * uu1;
}
uuAdNew = d + (ulong)uQuo * b;
uuBcNew = c + (ulong)uQuo * a;
if (uuAdNew > int.MaxValue || uuBcNew > int.MaxValue)
{
break;
}
// Jebelean / Belenkiy-Vidunas conditions
if (uuNew < uuBcNew || uuNew + uuAdNew > uu1 - b)
{
break;
}
d = (uint)uuAdNew;
c = (uint)uuBcNew;
uu2 = uuNew;
if (uu2 <= c)
{
break;
}
}
if (b == 0)
{
if (uu1 / 2 >= uu2)
{
reg1.Mod(ref reg2);
}
else
{
reg1.Sub(ref signTmp, ref reg2);
}
}
else
{
// Replace reg1 with a * reg1 - b * reg2.
// Replace reg2 with -c * reg1 + d * reg2.
// Do everything mod cuMin uint's.
reg1.SetSizeKeep(cuMin, 0);
reg2.SetSizeKeep(cuMin, 0);
int nCarry1 = 0;
int nCarry2 = 0;
for (int iu = 0; iu < cuMin; iu++)
{
uint u1 = reg1._rgu[iu];
uint u2 = reg2._rgu[iu];
long nn1 = (long)u1 * a - (long)u2 * b + nCarry1;
long nn2 = (long)u2 * d - (long)u1 * c + nCarry2;
nCarry1 = (int)(nn1 >> kcbitUint);
nCarry2 = (int)(nn2 >> kcbitUint);
reg1._rgu[iu] = (uint)nn1;
reg2._rgu[iu] = (uint)nn2;
}
reg1.Trim();
reg2.Trim();
}
}
}
private static void ModDivCore(ref BigIntegerBuilder regNum, ref BigIntegerBuilder regDen, bool fQuo, ref BigIntegerBuilder regQuo)
{
regQuo.Set(0);
if (regNum._iuLast < regDen._iuLast)
{
return;
}
int cuDen = regDen._iuLast + 1;
int cuDiff = regNum._iuLast - regDen._iuLast;
// Determine whether the result will have cuDiff "digits" or cuDiff+1 "digits".
int cuQuo = cuDiff;
for (int iu = regNum._iuLast; ; iu--)
{
if (iu < cuDiff)
{
cuQuo++;
break;
}
if (regDen._rgu[iu - cuDiff] != regNum._rgu[iu])
{
if (regDen._rgu[iu - cuDiff] < regNum._rgu[iu])
{
cuQuo++;
}
break;
}
}
if (cuQuo == 0)
{
return;
}
if (fQuo)
{
regQuo.SetSizeLazy(cuQuo);
}
// Get the uint to use for the trial divisions. We normalize so the high bit is set.
uint uDen = regDen._rgu[cuDen - 1];
uint uDenNext = regDen._rgu[cuDen - 2];
int cbitShiftLeft = NumericsHelpers.CbitHighZero(uDen);
int cbitShiftRight = kcbitUint - cbitShiftLeft;
if (cbitShiftLeft > 0)
{
uDen = (uDen << cbitShiftLeft) | (uDenNext >> cbitShiftRight);
uDenNext <<= cbitShiftLeft;
if (cuDen > 2)
{
uDenNext |= regDen._rgu[cuDen - 3] >> cbitShiftRight;
}
}
// Allocate and initialize working space.
regNum.EnsureWritable();
for (int iu = cuQuo; --iu >= 0;)
{
// Get the high (normalized) bits of regNum.
uint uNumHi = (iu + cuDen <= regNum._iuLast) ? regNum._rgu[iu + cuDen] : 0;
ulong uuNum = NumericsHelpers.MakeUlong(uNumHi, regNum._rgu[iu + cuDen - 1]);
uint uNumNext = regNum._rgu[iu + cuDen - 2];
if (cbitShiftLeft > 0)
{
uuNum = (uuNum << cbitShiftLeft) | (uNumNext >> cbitShiftRight);
uNumNext <<= cbitShiftLeft;
if (iu + cuDen >= 3)
{
uNumNext |= regNum._rgu[iu + cuDen - 3] >> cbitShiftRight;
}
}
// Divide to get the quotient digit.
ulong uuQuo = uuNum / uDen;
ulong uuRem = (uint)(uuNum % uDen);
if (uuQuo > uint.MaxValue)
{
uuRem += uDen * (uuQuo - uint.MaxValue);
uuQuo = uint.MaxValue;
}
while (uuRem <= uint.MaxValue && uuQuo * uDenNext > NumericsHelpers.MakeUlong((uint)uuRem, uNumNext))
{
uuQuo--;
uuRem += uDen;
}
// Multiply and subtract. Note that uuQuo may be 1 too large. If we have a borrow
// at the end, we'll add the denominator back on and decrement uuQuo.
if (uuQuo > 0)
{
ulong uuBorrow = 0;
for (int iu2 = 0; iu2 < cuDen; iu2++)
{
uuBorrow += regDen._rgu[iu2] * uuQuo;
uint uSub = (uint)uuBorrow;
uuBorrow >>= kcbitUint;
if (regNum._rgu[iu + iu2] < uSub)
{
uuBorrow++;
}
regNum._rgu[iu + iu2] -= uSub;
}
if (uNumHi < uuBorrow)
{
// Add, tracking carry.
uint uCarry = 0;
for (int iu2 = 0; iu2 < cuDen; iu2++)
{
uCarry = AddCarry(ref regNum._rgu[iu + iu2], regDen._rgu[iu2], uCarry);
}
uuQuo--;
}
regNum._iuLast = iu + cuDen - 1;
}
if (fQuo)
{
if (cuQuo == 1)
{
regQuo._uSmall = (uint)uuQuo;
}
else
{
regQuo._rgu[iu] = (uint)uuQuo;
}
}
}
regNum._iuLast = cuDen - 1;
regNum.Trim();
}
static String FormatBigInteger(BigInteger value, String format, NumberFormatInfo info)
{
int digits = 0;
char fmt = ParseFormatSpecifier(format, out digits);
if (fmt == 'x' || fmt == 'X')
{
return(FormatBigIntegerToHexString(value, fmt, digits, info));
}
bool decimalFmt = (fmt == 'g' || fmt == 'G' || fmt == 'd' || fmt == 'D' || fmt == 'r' || fmt == 'R');
if (value._bits == null)
{
if (fmt == 'g' || fmt == 'G' || fmt == 'r' || fmt == 'R')
{
if (digits > 0)
{
format = String.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "D{0}", digits.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
}
else
{
format = "D";
}
}
return(value._sign.ToString(format, info));
}
// First convert to base 10^9.
const uint kuBase = 1000000000; // 10^9
const int kcchBase = 9;
int cuSrc = BigInteger.Length(value._bits);
int cuMax;
try
{
cuMax = checked (cuSrc * 10 / 9 + 2);
}
catch (OverflowException e) { throw new FormatException("SR.Format_TooLarge", e); }
uint[] rguDst = new uint[cuMax];
int cuDst = 0;
for (int iuSrc = cuSrc; --iuSrc >= 0;)
{
uint uCarry = value._bits[iuSrc];
for (int iuDst = 0; iuDst < cuDst; iuDst++)
{
ulong uuRes = NumericsHelpers.MakeUlong(rguDst[iuDst], uCarry);
rguDst[iuDst] = (uint)(uuRes % kuBase);
uCarry = (uint)(uuRes / kuBase);
}
if (uCarry != 0)
{
rguDst[cuDst++] = uCarry % kuBase;
uCarry /= kuBase;
if (uCarry != 0)
{
rguDst[cuDst++] = uCarry;
}
}
}
int cchMax;
try
{
// Each uint contributes at most 9 digits to the decimal representation.
cchMax = checked (cuDst * kcchBase);
}
catch (OverflowException e) { throw new FormatException("SR.Format_TooLarge", e); }
if (decimalFmt)
{
if (digits > 0 && digits > cchMax)
{
cchMax = digits;
}
if (value._sign < 0)
{
try
{
// Leave an extra slot for a minus sign.
cchMax = checked (cchMax + info.NegativeSign.Length);
}
catch (OverflowException e) { throw new FormatException("SR.Format_TooLarge", e); }
}
}
int rgchBufSize;
try
{
// We'll pass the rgch buffer to native code, which is going to treat it like a string of digits, so it needs
// to be null terminated. Let's ensure that we can allocate a buffer of that size.
rgchBufSize = checked (cchMax + 1);
}
catch (OverflowException e) { throw new FormatException("SR.Format_TooLarge", e); }
char[] rgch = new char[rgchBufSize];
int ichDst = cchMax;
for (int iuDst = 0; iuDst < cuDst - 1; iuDst++)
{
uint uDig = rguDst[iuDst];
for (int cch = kcchBase; --cch >= 0;)
{
rgch[--ichDst] = (char)('0' + uDig % 10);
uDig /= 10;
}
}
for (uint uDig = rguDst[cuDst - 1]; uDig != 0;)
{
rgch[--ichDst] = (char)('0' + uDig % 10);
uDig /= 10;
}
#if !SILVERLIGHT || FEATURE_NETCORE
if (!decimalFmt)
{
//
// Go to the VM for GlobLoc aware formatting
//
Byte *numberBufferBytes = stackalloc Byte[NumberPort.NumberBuffer.NumberBufferBytes];
NumberPort.NumberBuffer number = new NumberPort.NumberBuffer(numberBufferBytes);
// sign = true for negative and false for 0 and positive values
number.sign = (value._sign < 0);
// the cut-off point to switch (G)eneral from (F)ixed-point to (E)xponential form
number.precision = 29;
number.digits[0] = '\0';
number.scale = cchMax - ichDst;
int maxDigits = Math.Min(ichDst + 50, cchMax);
for (int i = ichDst; i < maxDigits; i++)
{
number.digits[i - ichDst] = rgch[i];
}
fixed(char *pinnedExtraDigits = rgch)
{
throw new NotImplementedException($"Could not implement NumberPort.FormatNumberBuffer. Therefore, some {nameof(BigInteger)} functionality is unimplemented.");
}
}
#endif //!SILVERLIGHT ||FEATURE_NETCORE
// Format Round-trip decimal
// This format is supported for integral types only. The number is converted to a string of
// decimal digits (0-9), prefixed by a minus sign if the number is negative. The precision
// specifier indicates the minimum number of digits desired in the resulting string. If required,
// the number is padded with zeros to its left to produce the number of digits given by the
// precision specifier.
int numDigitsPrinted = cchMax - ichDst;
while (digits > 0 && digits > numDigitsPrinted)
{
// pad leading zeros
rgch[--ichDst] = '0';
digits--;
}
if (value._sign < 0)
{
String negativeSign = info.NegativeSign;
for (int i = info.NegativeSign.Length - 1; i > -1; i--)
{
rgch[--ichDst] = info.NegativeSign[i];
}
}
return(new String(rgch, ichDst, cchMax - ichDst));
}