//tells the program what to do if told to add two ComplexNumbers together using the + symbol
//this is called operator overloading
//static means that it can be called without initializing and instance of ComplexNumber
public static ComplexNumber operator +(ComplexNumber a, ComplexNumber b)
{
//create a ComplexNumber to put the return value into
ComplexNumber res;
//initialize res as a complex number with the sums of the real parts of a and b
//as the real part and the imaginary parts sum as the imaginary sum
res = new ComplexNumber (a.Real + b.Real, a.Imaginary + b.Imaginary);
//returns res
return res;
}
//Main is the method (function) that is run when the program starts in any C# program
public static void Main()
{
//basic variable types
//integer (whole number)
int numberA = 5;
//floating point number (decimal)
float numberB = 4.2f;
//single character eg. a letter or !,@,£ etc
char letter = 'a';
//a series of characters
string word = "Hello";
//a true or false
bool exists = false;
//print something to Console
Console.WriteLine("Examples");
//print a variable and some text to the console
Console.WriteLine("numberA = " + numberA);
//conditions
//if something is true do something
if (numberB == 4.2f)
{
Console.WriteLine("True");
}
//otherwise do something else
else
{
Console.WriteLine("False");
}
//loops
//while something is true keep doing something
while (numberA < 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("numberA is " + numberA);
//increment numberA by one
numberA++;
}
//set a starting variable, keep doing it while it meets a condition, change the variable in some way every time it loops
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("i = " + i);
}
//call the sum method with 4 and 5 and print the result
Console.WriteLine("5 + 4 = " + sum(5, 4));
//Create instance of Person object (class) called A and initializes it to have the name Carl McDermott and age 20
//Look at Person.cs file then come back here
Person A = new Person("Carl", "McDermott", 20);
//Prints the ToString from Person
Console.WriteLine(A);
//Prints age of A
Console.WriteLine(A + " is " + A.Age + " years old");
//calls method hasBirthday on Person A
A.hasBirthday();
//prints age again
Console.WriteLine(A + " is " + A.Age + " years old");
//creates Person B and makes them equal to A
Person B = A;
//prints out B
Console.WriteLine(B);
//changes name in B
B.Name = "Barry";
//Print B again
Console.WriteLine(B);
//Prints A
//Look at the output then read comment below
Console.WriteLine(A);
//The result is Barry McDermott instead of Carl McDermott despite only changing this in B and not in A
//the reason for this is because objects are a thing called reference types
//reference types copy a reference (kind of like a website address) to the object when one object is put = another
//this means that when you change the value in one it changes in any copies of it because they are all the same
//actual object (Say a website has multiple addresses and you change the content all the addresses now point to
//the new content)
//creates ComplexNumber x and initializes it with a real value of 4.2 and an imaginary value of 3
//Look at ComplexNumber.cs file
ComplexNumber x = new ComplexNumber(4.2f, 3f);
//Prints out x
Console.WriteLine("x = " + x);
//Creates second complexNumber y
ComplexNumber y = new ComplexNumber(3.3f, 5f);
//prints out y
Console.WriteLine("y = " + y);
//makes y equal to y + x
y = y + x;
//prints out new value of y
Console.WriteLine("x + y = " + y);
//creates new complexNumber z and makes it equal to y
ComplexNumber z = y;
//prints z
Console.WriteLine("z = " + z);
//sets the real part of z to 1
z.Real = 1f;
//prints out new z
Console.WriteLine("z = " + z);
//prints out y
Console.WriteLine("y = " + y);
//notice y hasn't changed even though we changed z after making it a copy of y
//this is because structs are what we call data types
//data types copy the values instead of the location of the values
//this is very useful in mathematical programs and games
//creates a List of animals called Zoo
//C# Lists are basically dynamic arrays (arrays which can bigger as you add more members)
//not to be confused with LinkedList which is not the same as an array at all (look them up)
//Look at Animal.cs
List <Animal> zoo = new List <Animal>();
//adds element to list zoo
//the element added is a Lion object (look at Lion.cs)
//This works because Lion inherits animal
//This is called polymorhpism
zoo.Add(new Lion("Simba", 4));
zoo.Add(new Bear("Baloo", 5));
zoo.Add(new Lion("King Richard", 40));
//foreach loops can be used with Lists and array to iterate through each element
//foreach(type name in List) is the format
foreach (Animal resident in zoo)
{
//print out whatever the ToString() gives for the animal objects
Console.WriteLine(resident);
//notice that the output is
//Lion: Simba 4 years
//Bear: Baloo 5 years
//Lion: King Richard 40 years
//for this section
//this is the result of the Lion and Bear objects overrides on the ToString method
}
//another example of the override
foreach (Animal resident in zoo)
{
//prints out the result of the makeNoise method from animal
//the list zoo is a list of animals so if Bear or Lion had methods that weren't overrides from
//Animal they would give an error if they were called on an element of zoo
Console.WriteLine(resident.Name + " says " + resident.makeNoise());
//This prints out different results for Lions and Bears
}
//Print out the name and age of element 0 in zoo
Console.WriteLine(zoo[0].Name + " is " + zoo [0].Age);
//calls hasBirthday on element 0 of zoo
zoo [0].hasBirthday();
//Print out the name and age of element 0 in zoo again
Console.WriteLine(zoo[0].Name + " is " + zoo [0].Age);
//notice that this method works even though it is not in the Lion object code
//this is because the method is inherited
}
//Main is the method (function) that is run when the program starts in any C# program
public static void Main()
{
//basic variable types
//integer (whole number)
int numberA = 5;
//floating point number (decimal)
float numberB = 4.2f;
//single character eg. a letter or !,@,£ etc
char letter = 'a';
//a series of characters
string word = "Hello";
//a true or false
bool exists = false;
//print something to Console
Console.WriteLine ("Examples");
//print a variable and some text to the console
Console.WriteLine ("numberA = " + numberA);
//conditions
//if something is true do something
if (numberB == 4.2f) {
Console.WriteLine ("True");
}
//otherwise do something else
else {
Console.WriteLine ("False");
}
//loops
//while something is true keep doing something
while (numberA < 10) {
Console.WriteLine ("numberA is " + numberA);
//increment numberA by one
numberA++;
}
//set a starting variable, keep doing it while it meets a condition, change the variable in some way every time it loops
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Console.WriteLine ("i = " + i);
}
//call the sum method with 4 and 5 and print the result
Console.WriteLine ("5 + 4 = " + sum (5, 4));
//Create instance of Person object (class) called A and initializes it to have the name Carl McDermott and age 20
//Look at Person.cs file then come back here
Person A = new Person ("Carl", "McDermott", 20);
//Prints the ToString from Person
Console.WriteLine (A);
//Prints age of A
Console.WriteLine (A + " is " + A.Age + " years old");
//calls method hasBirthday on Person A
A.hasBirthday ();
//prints age again
Console.WriteLine (A + " is " + A.Age + " years old");
//creates Person B and makes them equal to A
Person B = A;
//prints out B
Console.WriteLine (B);
//changes name in B
B.Name = "Barry";
//Print B again
Console.WriteLine (B);
//Prints A
//Look at the output then read comment below
Console.WriteLine (A);
//The result is Barry McDermott instead of Carl McDermott despite only changing this in B and not in A
//the reason for this is because objects are a thing called reference types
//reference types copy a reference (kind of like a website address) to the object when one object is put = another
//this means that when you change the value in one it changes in any copies of it because they are all the same
//actual object (Say a website has multiple addresses and you change the content all the addresses now point to
//the new content)
//creates ComplexNumber x and initializes it with a real value of 4.2 and an imaginary value of 3
//Look at ComplexNumber.cs file
ComplexNumber x = new ComplexNumber (4.2f, 3f);
//Prints out x
Console.WriteLine ("x = " + x);
//Creates second complexNumber y
ComplexNumber y = new ComplexNumber (3.3f, 5f);
//prints out y
Console.WriteLine ("y = " + y);
//makes y equal to y + x
y = y + x;
//prints out new value of y
Console.WriteLine ("x + y = " + y);
//creates new complexNumber z and makes it equal to y
ComplexNumber z = y;
//prints z
Console.WriteLine ("z = " + z);
//sets the real part of z to 1
z.Real = 1f;
//prints out new z
Console.WriteLine ("z = " + z);
//prints out y
Console.WriteLine ("y = " + y);
//notice y hasn't changed even though we changed z after making it a copy of y
//this is because structs are what we call data types
//data types copy the values instead of the location of the values
//this is very useful in mathematical programs and games
//creates a List of animals called Zoo
//C# Lists are basically dynamic arrays (arrays which can bigger as you add more members)
//not to be confused with LinkedList which is not the same as an array at all (look them up)
//Look at Animal.cs
List<Animal> zoo = new List<Animal>();
//adds element to list zoo
//the element added is a Lion object (look at Lion.cs)
//This works because Lion inherits animal
//This is called polymorhpism
zoo.Add (new Lion ("Simba", 4));
zoo.Add (new Bear ("Baloo", 5));
zoo.Add (new Lion ("King Richard", 40));
//foreach loops can be used with Lists and array to iterate through each element
//foreach(type name in List) is the format
foreach (Animal resident in zoo) {
//print out whatever the ToString() gives for the animal objects
Console.WriteLine (resident);
//notice that the output is
//Lion: Simba 4 years
//Bear: Baloo 5 years
//Lion: King Richard 40 years
//for this section
//this is the result of the Lion and Bear objects overrides on the ToString method
}
//another example of the override
foreach (Animal resident in zoo) {
//prints out the result of the makeNoise method from animal
//the list zoo is a list of animals so if Bear or Lion had methods that weren't overrides from
//Animal they would give an error if they were called on an element of zoo
Console.WriteLine (resident.Name + " says " + resident.makeNoise());
//This prints out different results for Lions and Bears
}
//Print out the name and age of element 0 in zoo
Console.WriteLine(zoo[0].Name + " is " + zoo [0].Age);
//calls hasBirthday on element 0 of zoo
zoo [0].hasBirthday ();
//Print out the name and age of element 0 in zoo again
Console.WriteLine(zoo[0].Name + " is " + zoo [0].Age);
//notice that this method works even though it is not in the Lion object code
//this is because the method is inherited
}