/// <summary>
/// Creates a camera that chases a given object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="chasedObject"></param>
private void CreateChasingCamera(GeometryNode chasedObject)
{
// Set up the camera of the scene graph
Camera camera = new Camera();
camera.Translation = new Vector3(5, 3, 0);
// Rotate the camera -20 degrees along the X axis
camera.Rotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.UnitY,
MathHelper.ToRadians(90)) * Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.UnitX,
MathHelper.ToRadians(-20));
// Set the vertical field of view to be 60 degrees
camera.FieldOfViewY = MathHelper.ToRadians(45);
// Set the near clipping plane to be 0.1f unit away from the camera
camera.ZNearPlane = 0.1f;
// Set the far clipping plane to be 1000 units away from the camera
camera.ZFarPlane = 1000;
// Add this camera node to a geometry node we want to chase for
CameraNode cameraNode = new CameraNode("ChasingCamera", camera);
chasedObject.AddChild(cameraNode);
// Initially assign the chasing camera to be our scene graph's active camera node
scene.CameraNode = cameraNode;
}
private void CreateObject()
{
// Loads a textured model of a ship
ModelLoader loader = new ModelLoader();
Model shipModel = (Model)loader.Load("", "p1_wedge");
// Create a geometry node of a loaded ship model
GeometryNode shipNode = new GeometryNode("Ship");
shipNode.Model = shipModel;
((Model)shipNode.Model).UseInternalMaterials = true;
// Create a transform node to define the transformation for the ship
TransformNode shipTransNode = new TransformNode();
shipTransNode.Translation = new Vector3(0, 0, -50);
shipTransNode.Scale = new Vector3(0.01f, 0.01f, 0.01f); // It's huge!
shipTransNode.Rotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(new Vector3(0, 1, 0),
MathHelper.ToRadians(90));
shipTransParentNode = new TransformNode();
shipTransParentNode.Translation = Vector3.Zero;
// Create a geometry node with model of a torus
GeometryNode torusNode = new GeometryNode("Torus");
torusNode.Model = new Torus(12f, 15.5f, 20, 20);
TransformNode torusTransNode = new TransformNode();
torusTransNode.Translation = new Vector3(-50, 0, 0);
torusTransNode.Rotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.UnitX,
MathHelper.ToRadians(90));
// Create a material node for this torus model
Material torusMaterial = new Material();
torusMaterial.Diffuse = Color.DarkGoldenrod.ToVector4();
torusMaterial.Specular = Color.White.ToVector4();
torusMaterial.SpecularPower = 5;
torusNode.Material = torusMaterial;
// Now add the above nodes to the scene graph in appropriate order
scene.RootNode.AddChild(shipTransParentNode);
shipTransParentNode.AddChild(shipTransNode);
shipTransNode.AddChild(shipNode);
scene.RootNode.AddChild(torusTransNode);
torusTransNode.AddChild(torusNode);
// Now create couple of particle effects to attach to the models
// Create a smoke particle effect and fire particle effect to simulate a
// ring of fire around the torus model
#if WINDOWS_PHONE
SmokePlumeParticleEffect smokeParticles = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect(20, spriteBatch);
FireParticleEffect fireParticles = new FireParticleEffect(40, spriteBatch);
#else
SmokePlumeParticleEffect smokeParticles = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect();
FireParticleEffect fireParticles = new FireParticleEffect();
// The order defines which particle effect to render first. Since we want
// to show the fire particles in front of the smoke particles, we make
// the smoke particles to be rendered first, and then fire particles
smokeParticles.DrawOrder = 200;
fireParticles.DrawOrder = 300;
#endif
// Create a particle node to hold these two particle effects
ParticleNode fireRingEffectNode = new ParticleNode();
fireRingEffectNode.ParticleEffects.Add(smokeParticles);
fireRingEffectNode.ParticleEffects.Add(fireParticles);
// Implement an update handler for each of the particle effects which will be called
// every "Update" call
fireRingEffectNode.UpdateHandler += new ParticleUpdateHandler(UpdateRingOfFire);
torusNode.AddChild(fireRingEffectNode);
// Create another set of fire and smoke particle effects to simulate the fire
// the ship catches when the ship passes the ring of fire
#if WINDOWS_PHONE
FireParticleEffect shipFireEffect = new FireParticleEffect(150, spriteBatch);
SmokePlumeParticleEffect shipSmokeEffect = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect(80, spriteBatch);
shipFireEffect.MinScale *= 1.5f;
shipFireEffect.MaxScale *= 1.5f;
#else
FireParticleEffect shipFireEffect = new FireParticleEffect();
SmokePlumeParticleEffect shipSmokeEffect = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect();
shipSmokeEffect.DrawOrder = 400;
shipFireEffect.DrawOrder = 500;
#endif
ParticleNode shipFireNode = new ParticleNode();
shipFireNode.ParticleEffects.Add(shipFireEffect);
shipFireNode.ParticleEffects.Add(shipSmokeEffect);
shipFireNode.UpdateHandler += new ParticleUpdateHandler(UpdateShipFire);
shipNode.AddChild(shipFireNode);
}
private static NewtonTire CreateTire(TireID tireID, TransformNode tireTrans,
GeometryNode carNode, float gravity)
{
NewtonTire tire = new NewtonTire();
Material tireMat = new Material();
tireMat.Diffuse = Color.Orange.ToVector4();
tireMat.Specular = Color.White.ToVector4();
tireMat.SpecularPower = 10;
float tireRadius = 0.7f;
GeometryNode tireNode = new GeometryNode("Race Car " + tireID + " Tire");
tireNode.Model = new Cylinder(tireRadius, tireRadius, 0.3f, 20);
tireNode.Material = tireMat;
carNode.AddChild(tireTrans);
tireTrans.AddChild(tireNode);
tire.Mass = 5.0f;
tire.Width = 0.3f * 1.25f;
tire.Radius = tireRadius;
switch (tireID)
{
case TireID.FrontLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-1.5f, 0, -1f));
break;
case TireID.FrontRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-1.5f, 0, 1f));
break;
case TireID.RearLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(1.5f, 0, -1f));
break;
case TireID.RearRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(1.5f, 0, 1f));
break;
}
// the tire will spin around the lateral axis of the same tire space
tire.Pin = Vector3.UnitZ;
tire.SuspensionLength = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
// calculate the spring and damper contact for the subquestion
//
// from the equation of a simple spring the force is given by
// a = k * x
// where k is a spring constant and x is the displacement and a is the spring acceleration.
// we desire that a rest length the acceleration generated by the spring equal that of the gravity
// several gravity forces
// m * gravity = k * SUSPENSION_LENGTH * 0.5f,
float x = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
tire.SuspensionSpring = (200.0f * (float)Math.Abs(gravity)) / x;
//tireSuspesionSpring = (100.0f * dAbs (GRAVITY)) / x;
// from the equation of a simple spring / damper system
// the system resonate at a frequency
// w^2 = ks
//
// and the damping attenuation is given by
// d = ks / 2.0f
// where:
// if d = w = 2 * pi * f -> the system is critically damped
// if d > w < 2 * pi * f -> the system is super critically damped
// if d < w < 2 * pi * f -> the system is under damped damped
// for a vehicle we usually want a suspension that is about 10% super critically damped
float w = (float)Math.Sqrt(tire.SuspensionSpring);
// a critically damped suspension act too jumpy for a race car
tire.SuspensionShock = 1.0f * w;
// make it a little super critical y damped
//tireSuspesionShock = 2.0f * w;
tire.CollisionID = 0x100;
return tire;
}
private static NewtonTire CreateTire(TireID tireID, TransformNode tireTrans,
GeometryNode carNode, float gravity)
{
NewtonTire tire = new NewtonTire();
Material tireMat = new Material();
tireMat.Diffuse = Color.Orange.ToVector4();
tireMat.Specular = Color.White.ToVector4();
tireMat.SpecularPower = 10;
float tireRadius = 1.4f;
GeometryNode tireNode = new GeometryNode("Race Car " + tireID + " Tire");
tireNode.Model = new Cylinder(tireRadius, tireRadius, 0.9f, 20);
tireNode.Material = tireMat;
carNode.AddChild(tireTrans);
tireTrans.AddChild(tireNode);
tire.Mass = 5.0f;
tire.Width = 0.3f * 1.25f;
tire.Radius = tireRadius;
switch (tireID)
{
case TireID.FrontLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-5.9f, 0, -3.0f));
break;
case TireID.FrontRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-5.9f, 0, 3.0f));
break;
case TireID.RearLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(5.0f, 0, -3.0f));
break;
case TireID.RearRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(5.0f, 0, 3.0f));
break;
}
// the tire will spin around the lateral axis of the same tire space
tire.Pin = Vector3.UnitZ;
tire.SuspensionLength = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
float x = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
tire.SuspensionSpring = (200.0f * (float)Math.Abs(gravity)) / x;
//tireSuspesionSpring = (100.0f * dAbs (GRAVITY)) / x;
float w = (float)Math.Sqrt(tire.SuspensionSpring);
// a critically damped suspension act too jumpy for a race car
tire.SuspensionShock = 1.0f * w;
// make it a little super critical y damped
//tireSuspesionShock = 2.0f * w;
tire.CollisionID = 0x100;
return tire;
}
private void CreateObject()
{
// Loads a textured model of a ship
ModelLoader loader = new ModelLoader();
Model shipModel = (Model)loader.Load("", "p1_wedge");
// Create a geometry node of a loaded ship model
GeometryNode shipNode = new GeometryNode("Ship");
shipNode.Model = shipModel;
((Model)shipNode.Model).UseInternalMaterials = true;
// Create a transform node to define the transformation for the ship
TransformNode shipTransNode = new TransformNode();
shipTransNode.Translation = new Vector3(0, 0, -50);
shipTransNode.Scale = new Vector3(0.01f, 0.01f, 0.01f); // It's huge!
shipTransNode.Rotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(new Vector3(0, 1, 0),
MathHelper.ToRadians(90));
shipTransParentNode = new TransformNode();
shipTransParentNode.Translation = Vector3.Zero;
// Create a geometry node with model of a torus
GeometryNode torusNode = new GeometryNode("Torus");
torusNode.Model = new Torus(12f, 15.5f, 20, 20);
TransformNode torusTransNode = new TransformNode();
torusTransNode.Translation = new Vector3(-50, 0, 0);
torusTransNode.Rotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.UnitX,
MathHelper.ToRadians(90));
// Create a material node for this torus model
Material torusMaterial = new Material();
torusMaterial.Diffuse = Color.DarkGoldenrod.ToVector4();
torusMaterial.Specular = Color.White.ToVector4();
torusMaterial.SpecularPower = 5;
torusNode.Material = torusMaterial;
// Now add the above nodes to the scene graph in appropriate order
scene.RootNode.AddChild(shipTransParentNode);
shipTransParentNode.AddChild(shipTransNode);
shipTransNode.AddChild(shipNode);
scene.RootNode.AddChild(torusTransNode);
torusTransNode.AddChild(torusNode);
// Now create couple of particle effects to attach to the models
// Create a smoke particle effect and fire particle effect to simulate a
// ring of fire around the torus model
#if WINDOWS_PHONE
SmokePlumeParticleEffect smokeParticles = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect(20);
FireParticleEffect fireParticles = new FireParticleEffect(40);
#else
SmokePlumeParticleEffect smokeParticles = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect();
FireParticleEffect fireParticles = new FireParticleEffect();
// The order defines which particle effect to render first. Since we want
// to show the fire particles in front of the smoke particles, we make
// the smoke particles to be rendered first, and then fire particles
smokeParticles.DrawOrder = 200;
fireParticles.DrawOrder = 300;
#endif
// Create a particle node to hold these two particle effects
ParticleNode fireRingEffectNode = new ParticleNode();
fireRingEffectNode.ParticleEffects.Add(smokeParticles);
fireRingEffectNode.ParticleEffects.Add(fireParticles);
// Implement an update handler for each of the particle effects which will be called
// every "Update" call
fireRingEffectNode.UpdateHandler += new ParticleUpdateHandler(UpdateRingOfFire);
torusNode.AddChild(fireRingEffectNode);
// Create another set of fire and smoke particle effects to simulate the fire
// the ship catches when the ship passes the ring of fire
#if WINDOWS_PHONE
FireParticleEffect shipFireEffect = new FireParticleEffect(150);
SmokePlumeParticleEffect shipSmokeEffect = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect(80);
shipFireEffect.MinScale *= 1.5f;
shipFireEffect.MaxScale *= 1.5f;
#else
FireParticleEffect shipFireEffect = new FireParticleEffect();
SmokePlumeParticleEffect shipSmokeEffect = new SmokePlumeParticleEffect();
shipSmokeEffect.DrawOrder = 400;
shipFireEffect.DrawOrder = 500;
#endif
ParticleNode shipFireNode = new ParticleNode();
shipFireNode.ParticleEffects.Add(shipFireEffect);
shipFireNode.ParticleEffects.Add(shipSmokeEffect);
shipFireNode.UpdateHandler += new ParticleUpdateHandler(UpdateShipFire);
shipNode.AddChild(shipFireNode);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a camera that chases a given object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="chasedObject"></param>
private void CreateChasingCamera(GeometryNode chasedObject)
{
// Set up the camera of the scene graph
Camera camera = new Camera();
camera.Translation = new Vector3(5, 3, 0);
// Rotate the camera -20 degrees along the X axis
camera.Rotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.UnitY,
MathHelper.ToRadians(90)) * Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.UnitX,
MathHelper.ToRadians(-20));
// Set the vertical field of view to be 60 degrees
camera.FieldOfViewY = MathHelper.ToRadians(45);
// Set the near clipping plane to be 0.1f unit away from the camera
camera.ZNearPlane = 0.1f;
// Set the far clipping plane to be 1000 units away from the camera
camera.ZFarPlane = 1000;
// Add this camera node to a geometry node we want to chase for
CameraNode cameraNode = new CameraNode("ChasingCamera", camera);
chasedObject.AddChild(cameraNode);
// Initially assign the chasing camera to be our scene graph's active camera node
scene.CameraNode = cameraNode;
}
private static NewtonTire CreateTire(TireID tireID, TransformNode tireTrans,
GeometryNode carNode, float gravity)
{
NewtonTire tire = new NewtonTire();
Material tireMat = new Material();
tireMat.Diffuse = Color.Orange.ToVector4();
tireMat.Specular = Color.White.ToVector4();
tireMat.SpecularPower = 10;
float tireRadius = 1.4f;
GeometryNode tireNode = new GeometryNode("Race Car " + tireID + " Tire");
tireNode.Model = new Cylinder(tireRadius, tireRadius, 0.9f, 20);
tireNode.Material = tireMat;
carNode.AddChild(tireTrans);
tireTrans.AddChild(tireNode);
tire.Mass = 5.0f;
tire.Width = 0.3f * 1.25f;
tire.Radius = tireRadius;
switch (tireID)
{
case TireID.FrontLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-5.9f, 0, -3.0f));
break;
case TireID.FrontRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-5.9f, 0, 3.0f));
break;
case TireID.RearLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(5.0f, 0, -3.0f));
break;
case TireID.RearRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(5.0f, 0, 3.0f));
break;
}
// the tire will spin around the lateral axis of the same tire space
tire.Pin = Vector3.UnitZ;
tire.SuspensionLength = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
float x = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
tire.SuspensionSpring = (200.0f * (float)Math.Abs(gravity)) / x;
//tireSuspesionSpring = (100.0f * dAbs (GRAVITY)) / x;
float w = (float)Math.Sqrt(tire.SuspensionSpring);
// a critically damped suspension act too jumpy for a race car
tire.SuspensionShock = 1.0f * w;
// make it a little super critical y damped
//tireSuspesionShock = 2.0f * w;
tire.CollisionID = 0x100;
return(tire);
}
private static NewtonTire CreateTire(TireID tireID, TransformNode tireTrans,
GeometryNode carNode, float gravity)
{
NewtonTire tire = new NewtonTire();
Material tireMat = new Material();
tireMat.Diffuse = Color.Orange.ToVector4();
tireMat.Specular = Color.White.ToVector4();
tireMat.SpecularPower = 10;
float tireRadius = 0.7f;
GeometryNode tireNode = new GeometryNode("Race Car " + tireID + " Tire");
tireNode.Model = new Cylinder(tireRadius, tireRadius, 0.3f, 20);
tireNode.Material = tireMat;
carNode.AddChild(tireTrans);
tireTrans.AddChild(tireNode);
tire.Mass = 5.0f;
tire.Width = 0.3f * 1.25f;
tire.Radius = tireRadius;
switch (tireID)
{
case TireID.FrontLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-1.5f, 0, -1f));
break;
case TireID.FrontRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-1.5f, 0, 1f));
break;
case TireID.RearLeft:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(1.5f, 0, -1f));
break;
case TireID.RearRight:
tire.TireOffsetMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(1.5f, 0, 1f));
break;
}
// the tire will spin around the lateral axis of the same tire space
tire.Pin = Vector3.UnitZ;
tire.SuspensionLength = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
// calculate the spring and damper contact for the subquestion
//
// from the equation of a simple spring the force is given by
// a = k * x
// where k is a spring constant and x is the displacement and a is the spring acceleration.
// we desire that a rest length the acceleration generated by the spring equal that of the gravity
// several gravity forces
// m * gravity = k * SUSPENSION_LENGTH * 0.5f,
float x = RaceCar.SUSPENSION_LENGTH;
tire.SuspensionSpring = (200.0f * (float)Math.Abs(gravity)) / x;
//tireSuspesionSpring = (100.0f * dAbs (GRAVITY)) / x;
// from the equation of a simple spring / damper system
// the system resonate at a frequency
// w^2 = ks
//
// and the damping attenuation is given by
// d = ks / 2.0f
// where:
// if d = w = 2 * pi * f -> the system is critically damped
// if d > w < 2 * pi * f -> the system is super critically damped
// if d < w < 2 * pi * f -> the system is under damped damped
// for a vehicle we usually want a suspension that is about 10% super critically damped
float w = (float)Math.Sqrt(tire.SuspensionSpring);
// a critically damped suspension act too jumpy for a race car
tire.SuspensionShock = 1.0f * w;
// make it a little super critical y damped
//tireSuspesionShock = 2.0f * w;
tire.CollisionID = 0x100;
return(tire);
}
