private static Structure CreateSiO2TestStructure()
{
var topMetal = new Metal(Length.FromNanometers(4));
topMetal.SetWorkFunction(Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.45));
var oxide = new Dielectric(Length.FromNanometers(2));
oxide.DielectricConstant = 3.9;
oxide.BandGap = Energy.FromElectronVolts(8.9);
oxide.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(0.95);
var semiconductor = new Semiconductor();
semiconductor.BandGap = Energy.FromElectronVolts(1.1252);
semiconductor.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.05);
semiconductor.DielectricConstant = 11.7;
semiconductor.IntrinsicCarrierConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1.41E10);
semiconductor.DopingType = DopingType.N;
semiconductor.DopantConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1E18);
var structure = new Structure();
structure.Temperature = new Temperature(300);
structure.AddLayer(semiconductor);
structure.AddLayer(oxide);
structure.AddLayer(topMetal);
return(structure);
}
private static Structure CreateMIMTestStructure()
{
var topMetal = new Metal(Length.FromNanometers(4));
topMetal.SetWorkFunction(Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.45));
var oxide = new Dielectric(Length.FromNanometers(2));
oxide.DielectricConstant = 3.9;
oxide.BandGap = Energy.FromElectronVolts(8.9);
oxide.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(0.95);
var bottomMetal = new Metal(Length.FromNanometers(4));
bottomMetal.SetWorkFunction(Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.45));
var structure = new Structure();
structure.Temperature = new Temperature(300);
structure.AddLayer(bottomMetal);
structure.AddLayer(oxide);
structure.AddLayer(topMetal);
return(structure);
}
public void ConversionRoundTrip()
{
Energy joule = Energy.FromJoules(1);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromBritishThermalUnits(joule.BritishThermalUnits).Joules, BritishThermalUnitsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromCalories(joule.Calories).Joules, CaloriesTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromDecathermsEc(joule.DecathermsEc).Joules, DecathermsEcTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromDecathermsImperial(joule.DecathermsImperial).Joules, DecathermsImperialTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromDecathermsUs(joule.DecathermsUs).Joules, DecathermsUsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromElectronVolts(joule.ElectronVolts).Joules, ElectronVoltsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromErgs(joule.Ergs).Joules, ErgsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromFootPounds(joule.FootPounds).Joules, FootPoundsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromGigabritishThermalUnits(joule.GigabritishThermalUnits).Joules, GigabritishThermalUnitsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromGigawattHours(joule.GigawattHours).Joules, GigawattHoursTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromJoules(joule.Joules).Joules, JoulesTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromKilobritishThermalUnits(joule.KilobritishThermalUnits).Joules, KilobritishThermalUnitsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromKilocalories(joule.Kilocalories).Joules, KilocaloriesTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromKilojoules(joule.Kilojoules).Joules, KilojoulesTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromKilowattHours(joule.KilowattHours).Joules, KilowattHoursTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromMegabritishThermalUnits(joule.MegabritishThermalUnits).Joules, MegabritishThermalUnitsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromMegajoules(joule.Megajoules).Joules, MegajoulesTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromMegawattHours(joule.MegawattHours).Joules, MegawattHoursTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromThermsEc(joule.ThermsEc).Joules, ThermsEcTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromThermsImperial(joule.ThermsImperial).Joules, ThermsImperialTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromThermsUs(joule.ThermsUs).Joules, ThermsUsTolerance);
AssertEx.EqualTolerance(1, Energy.FromWattHours(joule.WattHours).Joules, WattHoursTolerance);
}
public void TestWorkFunction()
{
var metal = new Metal(Length.FromNanometers(10));
var workFunction = Energy.FromElectronVolts(5);
metal.SetWorkFunction(workFunction);
Assert.AreEqual(metal.WorkFunction, workFunction);
}
/**
* Find the distance to the conduction band in Cm when the energy is set to the
* provided level.
*
* @param energy - energy level used to evaluate the structure.
*
* @return thickness - distance to conduction band in Cm.
*/
public Length DistanceToConductionBand(Energy energy)
{
// find between which points the energy of interest lies
// if energy is above all the points return 0 distance
if (EvalPoints.All(p => ConductionBandEnergy(p) <= energy))
{
return(Length.Zero);
}
EvalPoint abovePoint = null;
EvalPoint belowPoint = null;
var aboveEnergy = Energy.FromElectronVolts(1E10);
var belowEnergy = Energy.FromElectronVolts(-1E10);
// a ridiculus start energy if we
// find a point above the energy it will definately be lower than this value.
foreach (var p in EvalPoints)
{
var cbEnergy = ConductionBandEnergy(p);
if (cbEnergy > energy && cbEnergy < aboveEnergy)
{
aboveEnergy = cbEnergy;
abovePoint = p;
}
if (cbEnergy < energy && cbEnergy > belowEnergy)
{
belowEnergy = cbEnergy;
belowPoint = p;
}
}
// if we didn't find a point in energy below the input energy then tunnel through whole dielectric
if (belowPoint == null)
{
return(Thickness);
}
// make sure that we have above and below points
if (belowPoint == null || abovePoint == null)
{
// we did something wrong
return(null); // negative thickness so we know something is wrong
}
// interpolate cross points
var slope = (aboveEnergy - belowEnergy).ToPotential()
/ (abovePoint.Location - belowPoint.Location);
var intercept = aboveEnergy.ToPotential() - slope * abovePoint.Location;
var distance = (energy.ToPotential() - intercept) / slope;
return(distance);
}
private static Semiconductor CreateTestSemiconductor()
{
var semiconductor = new Semiconductor();
semiconductor.BandGap = Energy.FromElectronVolts(1.1252);
semiconductor.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.05);
semiconductor.DielectricConstant = 11.7;
semiconductor.IntrinsicCarrierConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1.41E10);
semiconductor.DopingType = DopingType.N;
semiconductor.DopantConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1E18);
return(semiconductor);
}
public void TestPotential()
{
var thickness = Length.FromNanometers(10);
var metal = new Metal(thickness);
metal.SetWorkFunction(Energy.FromElectronVolts(5));
var expectedPotential = ElectricPotential.Zero;
var actualPotential = metal.GetPotential(thickness);
Assert.AreEqual(expectedPotential, actualPotential);
}
public void TestStructureWithOnlySemiconductorIsInvalid()
{
var semiconductor = new Semiconductor();
semiconductor.BandGap = Energy.FromElectronVolts(1.125);
semiconductor.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.05);
semiconductor.DielectricConstant = 11.7;
semiconductor.IntrinsicCarrierConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1.41E10);
semiconductor.DopingType = DopingType.N;
semiconductor.DopantConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1E18);
var structure = new Structure();
structure.AddLayer(semiconductor);
Assert.That(!structure.IsValid);
}
public void ConversionRoundTrip()
{
Energy joule = Energy.FromJoules(1);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromBritishThermalUnits(joule.BritishThermalUnits).Joules, BritishThermalUnitsTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromCalories(joule.Calories).Joules, CaloriesTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromElectronVolts(joule.ElectronVolts).Joules, ElectronVoltsTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromErgs(joule.Ergs).Joules, ErgsTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromFootPounds(joule.FootPounds).Joules, FootPoundsTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromGigawattHours(joule.GigawattHours).Joules, GigawattHoursTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromJoules(joule.Joules).Joules, JoulesTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromKilocalories(joule.Kilocalories).Joules, KilocaloriesTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromKilojoules(joule.Kilojoules).Joules, KilojoulesTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromKilowattHours(joule.KilowattHours).Joules, KilowattHoursTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromMegajoules(joule.Megajoules).Joules, MegajoulesTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromMegawattHours(joule.MegawattHours).Joules, MegawattHoursTolerance);
Assert.AreEqual(1, Energy.FromWattHours(joule.WattHours).Joules, WattHoursTolerance);
}
public void TestStructureWithoutDielectricIsInvalid()
{
var topMetal = new Metal(Length.FromNanometers(10));
topMetal.SetWorkFunction(Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.9));
var semiconductor = new Semiconductor();
semiconductor.BandGap = Energy.FromElectronVolts(1.125);
semiconductor.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(4.05);
semiconductor.DielectricConstant = 11.7;
semiconductor.IntrinsicCarrierConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1.41E10);
semiconductor.DopingType = DopingType.N;
semiconductor.DopantConcentration = Concentration.FromPerCubicCentimeter(1E18);
var structure = new Structure();
structure.AddLayer(semiconductor);
structure.AddLayer(topMetal);
Assert.That(!structure.IsValid);
}
private static List <MaterialParameterViewModel> GetMetalParameterSection(Metal material)
{
var metalSection = new List <MaterialParameterViewModel>();
var metalField = new NumericMaterialParameterViewModel(ParameterType.WorkFunction)
{
Minimum = 0.0,
Maximum = 10,
StepSize = 0.1,
Value = material.WorkFunction?.ElectronVolts ?? 0.0
};
metalField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.WorkFunction = Energy.FromElectronVolts(metalField.Value);
};
metalSection.Add(GetThicknessSection(material));
metalSection.Add(metalField);
return(metalSection);
}
/// <inheritdoc cref="Energy.FromElectronVolts(double?)"/> public static Energy?ElectronVolts(this double?value) => Energy.FromElectronVolts(value);
/// <inheritdoc cref="Energy.FromElectronVolts(UnitsNet.QuantityValue)" /> public static Energy ElectronVolts <T>(this T value) => Energy.FromElectronVolts(Convert.ToDouble(value));
private static List <MaterialParameterViewModel> GetDielectricParameterSection(Dielectric material)
{
var dielectricSection = new List <MaterialParameterViewModel>();
var bandGapField = new NumericMaterialParameterViewModel(ParameterType.BandGap)
{
Minimum = 0,
Maximum = 10,
StepSize = 0.1,
Value = material.BandGap?.ElectronVolts ?? 0.0
};
bandGapField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.BandGap = Energy.FromElectronVolts(bandGapField.Value);
};
var eaField = new NumericMaterialParameterViewModel(ParameterType.ElectronAffinity)
{
Minimum = 0,
Maximum = 5,
StepSize = 0.05,
Value = material.ElectronAffinity?.ElectronVolts ?? 0.0
};
eaField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(eaField.Value);
};
var dcField = new NumericMaterialParameterViewModel(ParameterType.DielectricConstant)
{
Minimum = .1,
Maximum = 30,
StepSize = 1,
Value = material.DielectricConstant
};
dcField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.DielectricConstant = dcField.Value;
};
dielectricSection.Add(GetThicknessSection(material));
dielectricSection.Add(bandGapField);
dielectricSection.Add(eaField);
dielectricSection.Add(dcField);
return(dielectricSection);
}
public void NumberToElectronVoltsTest() => Assert.Equal(Energy.FromElectronVolts(2), 2.ElectronVolts());
/// <inheritdoc cref="Energy.FromElectronVolts(double?)"/> public static Energy?ElectronVolts(this decimal?value) => Energy.FromElectronVolts(value == null ? (double?)null : Convert.ToDouble(value.Value));
/// <inheritdoc cref="Energy.FromElectronVolts(double)"/> public static Energy ElectronVolts(this decimal value) => Energy.FromElectronVolts(Convert.ToDouble(value));
/// <inheritdoc cref="Energy.FromElectronVolts(double?)"/> public static Energy?ElectronVolts(this float?value) => Energy.FromElectronVolts(value);
public static Energy?ElectronVolts <T>(this T?value) where T : struct => Energy.FromElectronVolts(value == null ? (double?)null : Convert.ToDouble(value.Value));
/// <inheritdoc cref="Energy.FromElectronVolts(double)"/> public static Energy ElectronVolts(this long value) => Energy.FromElectronVolts(value);
private static List <MaterialParameterViewModel> GetSemiconductorParameterSection(Semiconductor material)
{
var semiconductorSection = new List <MaterialParameterViewModel>();
var bgField = new MaterialParameterViewModel <string>(ParameterType.SemiconductorBandGap)
{
Value = material.BandGap?.Expression
};
bgField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.BandGap = new MathExpression <Energy>(bgField.Value);
};
semiconductorSection.Add(bgField);
var eaField = new NumericMaterialParameterViewModel(ParameterType.ElectronAffinity)
{
Minimum = 0,
Maximum = 5,
StepSize = 0.05,
Value = material.ElectronAffinity?.ElectronVolts ?? 0.0
};
eaField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.ElectronAffinity = Energy.FromElectronVolts(eaField.Value);
};
semiconductorSection.Add(eaField);
var dcField = new NumericMaterialParameterViewModel(ParameterType.DielectricConstant)
{
Minimum = 0,
Maximum = 30,
StepSize = 1,
Value = material.DielectricConstant
};
dcField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.DielectricConstant = dcField.Value;
};
semiconductorSection.Add(dcField);
var iccField = new MaterialParameterViewModel <string>(ParameterType.IntrinsicCarrierConcentration)
{
Value = material.IntrinsicCarrierConcentration?.Expression
};
iccField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.IntrinsicCarrierConcentration = new MathExpression <Concentration>(iccField.Value);
};
semiconductorSection.Add(iccField);
var dtField = new MaterialParameterViewModel <DopingType>(ParameterType.DopingType)
{
Value = material.DopingType
};
dtField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.DopingType = dtField.Value;
};
semiconductorSection.Add(dtField);
var dopCField = new MaterialParameterViewModel <string>(ParameterType.DopantConcentration)
{
Value = material.DopantConcentration?.Expression
};
dopCField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.DopantConcentration = new MathExpression <Concentration>(dopCField.Value);
};
semiconductorSection.Add(dopCField);
var tempField = new NumericMaterialParameterViewModel(ParameterType.Temperature)
{
Minimum = 100.0,
Maximum = 500.0,
StepSize = 25.0,
Value = material.Temperature?.Kelvin ?? 0.0
};
tempField.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName != "Value")
{
return;
}
material.Temperature = new Temperature(tempField.Value);
};
semiconductorSection.Add(tempField);
return(semiconductorSection);
}