// public unsafe static void InitialKernelProtect()
// {
// KernelMessage.WriteLine("Protecting Memory...");
// // PageDirectoryEntry* pde = (PageDirectoryEntry*)AddrPageDirectory;
// // for (int index = 0; index < 1024; index++)
// // {
// // pde[index].Writable = false;
// // }
// // PageTable.PageTableEntry* pte = (PageTable.PageTableEntry*)PageTable.AddrPageTable;
// // for (int index = 0; index < 1024 * 32; index++)
// // pte[index].Writable = false;
// // InitialKernelProtect_MakeWritable_ByRegion(0, 90 * 1024 * 1024);
// KernelMessage.WriteLine("Reload CR3 to {0:X8}", PageTable.AddrPageDirectory);
// Native.SetCR3(PageTable.AddrPageDirectory);
// //Native.Invlpg();
// KernelMessage.WriteLine("Protecting Memory done");
// }
// public unsafe static void InitialKernelProtect_MakeWritable_ByRegion(uint startVirtAddr, uint endVirtAddr)
// {
// InitialKernelProtect_MakeWritable_BySize(startVirtAddr, endVirtAddr - startVirtAddr);
// }
// public unsafe static void InitialKernelProtect_MakeWritable_BySize(uint virtAddr, uint size)
// {
// var pages = KMath.DivCeil(size, 4096);
// for (var i = 0; i < pages; i++)
// {
// var entry = PageTable.GetTableEntry(virtAddr);
// entry->Writable = true;
// }
// }
public static void Tests()
{
var ar = new KList <uint>(sizeof(uint));
ar.Add(44);
ar.Add(55);
KernelMessage.WriteLine("CNT: {0}", ManagedMemoy.AllocationCount);
foreach (var num in ar)
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("VAL: {0}", num);
}
KernelMessage.WriteLine("CNT: {0}", ManagedMemoy.AllocationCount);
ar.Destroy();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Pages free: {0}", PageFrameManager.PagesAvailable);
for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
{
var s = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, };
s[1] = 5;
Memory.FreeObject(s);
}
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Pages free: {0}", PageFrameManager.PagesAvailable);
//Memory.FreeObject(s);
}
public static void Setup()
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Setup Native Calls");
prog1Addr = KernelElf.Native.GetPhysAddrOfSymbol("test_proc1");
prog2Addr = KernelElf.Native.GetPhysAddrOfSymbol("test_proc2");
bochsDebugAddr = KernelElf.Native.GetPhysAddrOfSymbol("bochs_debug");
}
unsafe static ElfHelper FromSectionName(string name)
{
var sec = Main.GetSectionHeader(name);
var addr = Main.GetSectionPhysAddr(sec);
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Found embedded ELF at {0:X8}", addr);
return(FromAddress(addr));
}
public static void Setup()
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Setup ELF Headers");
//KernelMessage.WriteLine("Image Header:");
//KernelMemory.DumpToConsoleLine(Address.KernelElfSection, 124);
Main = FromAddress(Address.KernelElfSection);
Native = FromSectionName("native");
}
public static void Setup()
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Setup IDT");
IDTAddr = PageFrameManager.AllocatePage(PageFrameRequestFlags.Default)->PhysicalAddress;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Address of IDT: {0:X8}", IDTAddr);
// Setup IDT table
Mosa.Runtime.Internal.MemoryClear(new IntPtr((uint)IDTAddr), 6);
Intrinsic.Store16(new IntPtr((uint)IDTAddr), (Offset.TotalSize * 256) - 1);
Intrinsic.Store32(new IntPtr((uint)IDTAddr), 2, IDTAddr + 6);
KernelMessage.Write("Set IDT table entries...");
SetTableEntries();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("done");
handlers = new InterruptInfo[256];
for (var i = 0; i <= 255; i++)
{
var info = new InterruptInfo
{
Interrupt = i,
CountStatistcs = true,
Trace = true,
Handler = UndefinedHandler
};
if (i == (int)KnownInterrupt.ClockTimer)
{
info.Trace = false;
info.CountStatistcs = false;
}
handlers[i] = info;
}
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.DivideError, InterruptsHandlers.DivideError);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.ArithmeticOverflowException, InterruptsHandlers.ArithmeticOverflowException);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.BoundCheckError, InterruptsHandlers.BoundCheckError);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.InvalidOpcode, InterruptsHandlers.InvalidOpcode);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.CoProcessorNotAvailable, InterruptsHandlers.CoProcessorNotAvailable);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.DoubleFault, InterruptsHandlers.DoubleFault);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.CoProcessorSegmentOverrun, InterruptsHandlers.CoProcessorSegmentOverrun);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.InvalidTSS, InterruptsHandlers.InvalidTSS);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.SegmentNotPresent, InterruptsHandlers.SegmentNotPresent);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.StackException, InterruptsHandlers.StackException);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.GeneralProtectionException, InterruptsHandlers.GeneralProtectionException);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.PageFault, InterruptsHandlers.PageFault);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.CoProcessorError, InterruptsHandlers.CoProcessorError);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.SIMDFloatinPointException, InterruptsHandlers.SIMDFloatinPointException);
SetInterruptHandler(KnownInterrupt.ClockTimer, InterruptsHandlers.ClockTimer);
KernelMessage.Write("Enabling interrupts...");
var idtAddr = (uint)IDTAddr;
Native.Lidt(idtAddr);
Native.Sti();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("done");
}
public static BootInfoMemory AllocateMemoryMap(USize size, BootInfoMemoryType type)
{
var map = new BootInfoMemory();
map.Start = PageStartAddr;
map.Size = size;
map.Type = type;
PageStartAddr += size;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Allocated MemoryMap of Type {0} at {1:X8} with Size {2:X8}", (uint)type, map.Start, map.Size);
return(map);
}
public static void Setup()
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Multiboot Flags: {0:X}", Multiboot.Flags);
BootInfo = (BootInfoHeader *)Address.KernelBootInfo;
BootInfo->Magic = lonos.kernel.core.BootInfoHeader.BootInfoMagic;
BootInfo->HeapStart = KMath.AlignValueCeil(Address.OriginalKernelElfSection + LoaderStart.OriginalKernelElf.TotalFileSize, 0x1000);
BootInfo->HeapSize = 0;
BootInfo->InstalledPhysicalMemory = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
SetupVideoInfo();
SetupMemoryMap();
}
static void MapKernelImage()
{
var phys = Address.KernelElfSection;
var diff = Address.KernelBaseVirt - Address.KernelBasePhys;
var endPhys = phys + OriginalKernelElf.TotalFileSize;
var addr = phys;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Mapping Kernel Image from physical {0:X8} to virtual {1:X8}", phys, phys + diff);
while (addr < endPhys)
{
PageTable.MapVirtualAddressToPhysical(addr + diff, addr);
addr += 0x1000;
}
}
public unsafe static void DumpElfInfo()
{
var secArray = OriginalKernelElf.SectionHeaderArray;
var secLength = OriginalKernelElf.SectionHeaderCount;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Found {0} Kernel Sections:", secLength);
for (uint i = 0; i < secLength; i++)
{
var sec = OriginalKernelElf.GetSectionHeader(i);
var name = OriginalKernelElf.GeSectionName(sec);
var sb = new StringBuffer(name);
KernelMessage.WriteLine(sb);
}
}
public unsafe static void Setup()
{
kmallocAllocator = new Allocator();
var ptr = (byte *)RawVirtualFrameAllocator.RequestRawVirtalMemoryPages(KMath.AlignValueCeil(Allocator.headSize, 4096));
for (var i = 0; i < Allocator.headSize; i++)
{
*(ptr + i) = 0;
}
kmallocAllocator.list_heads = (malloc_meta **)ptr;
ManagedMemoy.useAllocator = true;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Memory free: {0} MB", (PageFrameManager.PagesAvailable * 4096) / 1024 / 1024);
}
/// <summary>
/// Video Stage
/// </summary>
public unsafe static void InitFrameBuffer()
{
if (!BootInfo.Header->FBPresent || BootInfo.Header->VBEMode < 0x100)
{
KernelMessage.Path("fb", "not present");
return;
}
KernelMessage.WriteLine("InitFrameBuffer");
fb = new FrameBuffer(BootInfo.Header->FbInfo.FbAddr, BootInfo.Header->FbInfo.FbWidth, BootInfo.Header->FbInfo.FbHeight, BootInfo.Header->FbInfo.FbPitch, 8);
fb.Init();
FrameBufferTextScreen = new FrameBufferTextScreenDevice(fb);
Console.SetOutputDevice(FrameBufferTextScreen);
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets up the PageTable
/// </summary>
public static void Setup(Addr addrPageDirectory, Addr addrPageTable)
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Setup PageTable");
AddrPageDirectory = addrPageDirectory;
AddrPageTable = addrPageTable;
// Setup Page Directory
PageDirectoryEntry *pde = (PageDirectoryEntry *)AddrPageDirectory;
for (int index = 0; index < 1024; index++)
{
pde[index] = new PageDirectoryEntry();
pde[index].Present = true;
pde[index].Writable = true;
pde[index].User = true;
pde[index].PageTableEntry = (PageTableEntry *)(uint)(AddrPageTable + (index * 4096));
}
// Map the first 128MB of memory (32786 4K pages) (why 128MB?)
for (int index = 0; index < 1024 * 32; index++)
{
PageTableEntry *pte = (PageTableEntry *)AddrPageTable;
pte[index] = new PageTableEntry();
pte[index].Present = true;
pte[index].Writable = true;
pte[index].User = true;
pte[index].PhysicalAddress = (uint)(index * 4096);
}
// Unmap the first page for null pointer exceptions
MapVirtualAddressToPhysical(0x0, 0x0, false);
// Set CR3 register on processor - sets page directory
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Set CR3 to {0:X8}", PageTable.AddrPageDirectory);
Native.SetCR3(AddrPageDirectory);
KernelMessage.Write("Enable Paging... ");
// Set CR0.WP
Native.SetCR0(Native.GetCR0() | 0x10000);
// Set CR0 register on processor - turns on virtual memory
Native.SetCR0(Native.GetCR0() | 0x80000000);
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Done");
}
public static void ApplyMode(uint mode)
{
// https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Interrupts_80x86/_INT_10#Funktion_00h:_Setze_Bildschirmmodus_(EGA/VGA)
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Screen VBE Mode: {0}", mode);
switch (mode)
{
case 1:
Rows = 25;
Columns = 40;
break;
case 3:
Rows = 25;
Columns = 80;
break;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Currently unused, because Kernel is loaded via from kernel.loader
/// </summary>
/*unsafe static ElfHelper FromMultiBootInfo(MultiBootInfo* multiBootInfo)
* {
* var helper = new ElfHelper
* {
* SectionHeaderArray = (ElfSectionHeader*)multiBootInfo->ElfSectionHeader->Addr,
* StringTableSectionHeaderIndex = multiBootInfo->ElfSectionHeader->Shndx,
* SectionHeaderCount = multiBootInfo->ElfSectionHeader->Count
* };
* helper.Init();
* return helper;
* }*/
unsafe static ElfHelper FromAddress(Addr elfStart)
{
var elfHeader = (ElfHeader *)elfStart;
if (elfHeader->Ident1 != ElfHeader.Magic1)
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("No valid ELF found at {0:X8}", elfStart);
// TODO: Throw Excetion
}
var helper = new ElfHelper
{
PhyOffset = elfStart,
SectionHeaderArray = (ElfSectionHeader *)(elfStart + elfHeader->ShOff),
SectionHeaderCount = elfHeader->ShNum,
StringTableSectionHeaderIndex = elfHeader->ShStrNdx
};
helper.Init();
return(helper);
}
public static void SetupStage2()
{
if (Header->Magic != BootInfoHeader.BootInfoMagic)
{
Present = false;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("bootinfo not present");
return;
}
Present = true;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("bootinfo present");
var mapLen = Header->MemoryMapLength;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Maps: {0}", mapLen);
for (uint i = 0; i < mapLen; i++)
{
var mm = Header->MemoryMapArray[i];
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Map Start={0:X8}, Size={1:X8}, Type={2}", mm.Start, mm.Size, (uint)mm.Type);
}
}
static void SetupVideoInfo()
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("VBE present: {0}", Multiboot.VBEPresent ? "yes" : "no");
if (Multiboot.VBEPresent)
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("VBE Mode: {0}", Multiboot.VBEMode);
}
BootInfo->VBEPresent = Multiboot.VBEPresent;
BootInfo->VBEMode = Multiboot.VBEMode;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("FrameBuffer present: {0}", Multiboot.FBPresent ? "yes" : "no");
BootInfo->FBPresent = Multiboot.FBPresent;
BootInfo->FbInfo = new BootInfoFramebufferInfo();
BootInfo->FbInfo.FbAddr = Multiboot.multiBootInfo->FbAddr;
BootInfo->FbInfo.FbPitch = Multiboot.multiBootInfo->FbPitch;
BootInfo->FbInfo.FbWidth = Multiboot.multiBootInfo->FbWidth;
BootInfo->FbInfo.FbHeight = Multiboot.multiBootInfo->FbHeight;
BootInfo->FbInfo.FbBpp = Multiboot.multiBootInfo->FbBpp;
BootInfo->FbInfo.FbType = Multiboot.multiBootInfo->FbType;
BootInfo->FbInfo.ColorInfo = Multiboot.multiBootInfo->ColorInfo;
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets up the GDT table and entries
/// </summary>
public static void Setup(Addr addr)
{
KernelMessage.Write("Setup GDT...");
gdtTableAddress = addr;
table = (DescriptorTable *)gdtTableAddress;
table->Clear();
table->AdressOfEntries = gdtTableAddress + DescriptorTable.StructSize;
//Null segment
var nullEntry = DescriptorTableEntry.CreateNullDescriptor();
table->AddEntry(nullEntry);
//code segment
var codeEntry = DescriptorTableEntry.CreateCode(0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
codeEntry.CodeSegment_Readable = true;
codeEntry.PriviligeRing = 0;
codeEntry.Present = true;
codeEntry.AddressMode = DescriptorTableEntry.EAddressMode.Bits32;
codeEntry.Granularity = true;
table->AddEntry(codeEntry);
//data segment
var dataEntry = DescriptorTableEntry.CreateData(0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
dataEntry.DataSegment_Writable = true;
dataEntry.PriviligeRing = 0;
dataEntry.Present = true;
dataEntry.AddressMode = DescriptorTableEntry.EAddressMode.Bits32;
dataEntry.Granularity = true;
table->AddEntry(dataEntry);
Flush();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Done");
}
/// <summary>
/// Setups the free memory.
/// </summary>
unsafe void SetupFreeMemory()
{
if (!BootInfo.Present)
{
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < KernelMemoryMapManager.Header->Used.Count; i++)
{
var map = KernelMemoryMapManager.Header->Used.Items[i];
if (map.Start >= BootInfo.Header->InstalledPhysicalMemory)
{
continue;
}
KernelMessage.WriteLine("{0:X}", map.Start);
var page = GetPhysPage(map.Start);
if (page == null)
{
continue;
}
page->Status = PageStatus.Used;
PagesUsed++;
}
}
public static void Setup()
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Setup PIC");
byte masterMask = Native.In8(PIC1_Data);
byte slaveMask = Native.In8(PIC2_Data);
// ICW1 - Set Initialize Controller & Expect ICW4
Native.Out8(PIC1_Command, ICW1_Initialization + ICW1_ICW4);
// ICW2 - interrupt offset
Native.Out8(PIC1_Data, ICW2_MasterOffset);
// ICW3
Native.Out8(PIC1_Data, 4);
// ICW4 - Set 8086 Mode
Native.Out8(PIC1_Data, ICW4_8086);
// OCW1
Native.Out8(PIC1_Data, masterMask);
// ICW1 - Set Initialize Controller & Expect ICW4
Native.Out8(PIC2_Command, ICW1_Initialization + ICW1_ICW4);
// ICW2 - interrupt offset
Native.Out8(PIC2_Data, ICW2_SlaveOffset);
// ICW3
Native.Out8(PIC2_Data, 2);
// ICW4 - Set 8086 Mode
Native.Out8(PIC2_Data, ICW4_8086);
// OCW1
Native.Out8(PIC2_Data, slaveMask);
}
private static void FreeRawVirtualMemory(uint size)
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("NotImplemented");;
}
/// <summary>
/// Allocate a physical page from the free list
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The page</returns>
Page *Allocate(uint num)
{
KernelMessage.Write("Request {0} pages...", num);
var cnt = 0;
if (lastAllocatedPage == null)
{
lastAllocatedPage = PageArray;
}
Page *p = lastAllocatedPage->Next;
while (true)
{
if (p == null)
{
p = PageArray;
}
if (p->Status == PageStatus.Free)
{
var head = p;
// Found free Page. Check now free range.
for (var i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (p == null)
{
break; // Reached end. SorRange is incomplete
}
if (p->Status != PageStatus.Free) // Used -> so we can abort the searach
{
break;
}
if (i == num - 1)
{ // all loops successful. So we found our range.
head->Tail = p;
head->PagesUsed = num;
p = head;
for (var n = 0; n < num; n++)
{
p->Status = PageStatus.Used;
p->Head = head;
p->Tail = head->Tail;
p = p->Next;
PagesUsed++;
}
lastAllocatedPage = p;
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Allocated from {0:X8} to {1:X8}", (uint)head->PhysicalAddress, (uint)head->Tail->PhysicalAddress);
return(head);
}
p = p->Next;
}
}
if (p->Tail != null)
{
p = p->Tail;
}
p = p->Next;
if (++cnt > PageCount)
{
break;
}
}
Panic.Error("PageFrameAllocator: No free Page found");
return(null);
}
public static void Main()
{
//Screen.BackgroundColor = ScreenColor.Green;
//Screen.Color = ScreenColor.Red;
//Screen.Clear();
//Screen.Goto(0, 0);
//Screen.Write('A');
//Serial.SetupPort(Serial.COM1);
//Serial.Write(Serial.COM1, "Hello");
BootMemory.Setup();
// Setup Kernel Log
var kmsgHandler = new KernelMessageWriter();
KernelMessage.SetHandler(kmsgHandler);
KernelMessage.WriteLine("<LOADER:CONSOLE:BEGIN>");
// Parse Boot Informations
Multiboot.Setup();
// Parse Kernel ELF section
SetupOriginalKernelElf();
// Print all section of Kernel ELF (for information only)
DumpElfInfo();
// Copy Section to a final destination
SetupKernelSection();
// Collection informations we need to pass to the kernel
BootInfo_.Setup();
// Setup Global Descriptor Table
var map = BootMemory.AllocateMemoryMap(0x1000, BootInfoMemoryType.GDT);
BootInfo_.AddMap(map);
GDT.Setup(map.Start);
// Now we enable Paging. It's important that we do not cause a Page Fault Exception,
// Because IDT is not setup yet, that could handle this kind of exception.
map = BootMemory.AllocateMemoryMap(PageTable.InitalPageDirectorySize, BootInfoMemoryType.PageDirectory);
BootInfo_.AddMap(map);
var map2 = BootMemory.AllocateMemoryMap(PageTable.InitalPageTableSize, BootInfoMemoryType.PageTable);
BootInfo_.AddMap(map2);
PageTable.Setup(map.Start, map2.Start);
// Because Kernel is compiled in virtual address space, we need to remap the pages
MapKernelImage();
// Get Entry Point of Kernel
uint kernelEntry = GetKernelStartAddr();
if (kernelEntry == 0)
{
KernelMessage.WriteLine("No kernel entry point found {0:X8}");
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Is the name of entry point correct?");
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Are symbols emitted?");
KernelMessage.WriteLine("System halt!");
while (true)
{
Native.Nop();
}
}
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Call Kernel Start at {0:X8}", kernelEntry);
// Start Kernel.
CallAddress(kernelEntry);
// If we hit this code location, the Kernel Main method returned.
// This would be a general fault. Normally, this code section will overwritten
// by the kernel, so normally, it can never reach this code position.
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Unexpected return from Kernel Start");
Debug.Break();
}
public unsafe static void Main()
{
BootInfo.SetupStage1();
// Field needs to be explicit set, because InitializeAssembly is not invoked yet.
Memory.UseKernelWriteProtection = true;
Memory.InitialKernelProtect();
ManagedMemoy.InitializeGCMemory();
Mosa.Runtime.StartUp.InitializeAssembly();
//Mosa.Runtime.StartUp.InitializeRuntimeMetadata();
ApiContext.Current = new ApiHost();
// Setup some pseudo devices
Devices.InitStage1();
//Setup Output and Debug devices
Devices.InitStage2();
// Write first output
KernelMessage.WriteLine("<KERNEL:CONSOLE:BEGIN>");
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Starting Lonos Kernel...");
// Detect environment (Memory Maps, Video Mode, etc.)
BootInfo.SetupStage2();
KernelMemoryMapManager.Setup();
KernelMemoryMapManager.Allocate(0x1000 * 1000, BootInfoMemoryType.PageDirectory);
// Read own ELF-Headers and Sections
KernelElf.Setup();
// Initialize the embedded code (actually only a little proof of conecept code)
NativeCalls.Setup();
//InitialKernelProtect();
PageFrameManager.Setup();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("free: {0}", PageFrameManager.PagesAvailable);
PageFrameManager.AllocatePages(PageFrameRequestFlags.Default, 10);
KernelMessage.WriteLine("free: {0}", PageFrameManager.PagesAvailable);
RawVirtualFrameAllocator.Setup();
Memory.Setup();
// Now Memory Sub System is working. At this point it's valid
// to allocate memory dynamicly
Devices.InitFrameBuffer();
// Setup Programmable Interrupt Table
PIC.Setup();
// Setup Interrupt Descriptor Table
// Important Note: IDT depends on GDT. Never setup IDT before GDT.
IDTManager.Setup();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Initialize Runtime Metadata");
Mosa.Runtime.StartUp.InitializeRuntimeMetadata();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Performing some tests");
Tests();
KernelMessage.WriteLine("Enter Main Loop");
AppMain();
}