/*
* Calculates a.modInverse(p) Based on: Savas, E; Koc, C "The Montgomery Modular
* Inverse - Revised"
*/
internal static BigInteger modInverseMontgomery(BigInteger a, BigInteger p)
{
if (a.sign == 0)
{
// ZERO hasn't inverse
// math.19: BigInteger not invertible
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible");
}
if (!p.testBit(0))
{
// montgomery inverse require even modulo
return(modInverseHars(a, p));
}
int m = p.numberLength * 32;
// PRE: a \in [1, p - 1]
BigInteger u, v, r, s;
u = p.copy(); // make copy to use inplace method
v = a.copy();
int max = java.lang.Math.max(v.numberLength, u.numberLength);
r = new BigInteger(1, 1, new int[max + 1]);
s = new BigInteger(1, 1, new int[max + 1]);
s.digits[0] = 1;
// s == 1 && v == 0
int k = 0;
int lsbu = u.getLowestSetBit();
int lsbv = v.getLowestSetBit();
int toShift;
if (lsbu > lsbv)
{
BitLevel.inplaceShiftRight(u, lsbu);
BitLevel.inplaceShiftRight(v, lsbv);
BitLevel.inplaceShiftLeft(r, lsbv);
k += lsbu - lsbv;
}
else
{
BitLevel.inplaceShiftRight(u, lsbu);
BitLevel.inplaceShiftRight(v, lsbv);
BitLevel.inplaceShiftLeft(s, lsbu);
k += lsbv - lsbu;
}
r.sign = 1;
while (v.signum() > 0)
{
// INV v >= 0, u >= 0, v odd, u odd (except last iteration when v is even (0))
while (u.compareTo(v) > BigInteger.EQUALS)
{
Elementary.inplaceSubtract(u, v);
toShift = u.getLowestSetBit();
BitLevel.inplaceShiftRight(u, toShift);
Elementary.inplaceAdd(r, s);
BitLevel.inplaceShiftLeft(s, toShift);
k += toShift;
}
while (u.compareTo(v) <= BigInteger.EQUALS)
{
Elementary.inplaceSubtract(v, u);
if (v.signum() == 0)
{
break;
}
toShift = v.getLowestSetBit();
BitLevel.inplaceShiftRight(v, toShift);
Elementary.inplaceAdd(s, r);
BitLevel.inplaceShiftLeft(r, toShift);
k += toShift;
}
}
if (!u.isOne())
{
// in u is stored the gcd
// math.19: BigInteger not invertible.
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible");
}
if (r.compareTo(p) >= BigInteger.EQUALS)
{
Elementary.inplaceSubtract(r, p);
}
r = p.subtract(r);
// Have pair: ((BigInteger)r, (Integer)k) where r == a^(-1) * 2^k mod (module)
int n1 = calcN(p);
if (k > m)
{
r = monPro(r, BigInteger.ONE, p, n1);
k = k - m;
}
r = monPro(r, BigInteger.getPowerOfTwo(m - k), p, n1);
return(r);
}
