/// <summary>
/// Creates a flat polygon.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="polygon2D">A 2D <see cref="GraphicsPath"/> representing the polygon.</param>
/// <param name="triangulationResolution">The resolution that will be used to linearise curve segments in the <see cref="GraphicsPath"/>.</param>
/// <param name="origin">A <see cref="Point3D"/> that will correspond to the origin of the 2D reference system.</param>
/// <param name="xAxis">A <see cref="NormalizedVector3D"/> that will correspond to the x axis of the 2D reference system. This will be orthonormalised to the <paramref name="yAxis"/>.</param>
/// <param name="yAxis">A <see cref="NormalizedVector3D"/> that will correspond to the y axis of the 2D reference system.</param>
/// <param name="reverseTriangles">Indicates whether the order of the points (and thus the normals) of all the triangles returned by this method should be reversed.</param>
/// <param name="fill">A collection of materials that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="tag">A tag that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="zIndex">A z-index that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <returns>A list of <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s that constitute the polygon.</returns>
public static List <Element3D> CreatePolygon(GraphicsPath polygon2D, double triangulationResolution, Point3D origin, NormalizedVector3D xAxis, NormalizedVector3D yAxis, bool reverseTriangles, IEnumerable <IMaterial> fill, string tag = null, int zIndex = 0)
{
xAxis = (xAxis - yAxis * (xAxis * yAxis)).Normalize();
List <GraphicsPath> triangles = polygon2D.Triangulate(triangulationResolution, true).ToList();
List <Element3D> tbr = new List <Element3D>(triangles.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < triangles.Count; i++)
{
Point p1 = triangles[i].Segments[0].Point;
Point p2 = triangles[i].Segments[1].Point;
Point p3 = triangles[i].Segments[2].Point;
Point3D p13D = origin + xAxis * p1.X + yAxis * p1.Y;
Point3D p23D = origin + xAxis * p2.X + yAxis * p2.Y;
Point3D p33D = origin + xAxis * p3.X + yAxis * p3.Y;
Triangle3DElement t = !reverseTriangles ? new Triangle3DElement(p13D, p23D, p33D) : new Triangle3DElement(p13D, p33D, p23D);
t.Fill.AddRange(fill);
t.Tag = tag;
t.ZIndex = zIndex;
tbr.Add(t);
}
return(tbr);
}
private static (byte R, byte G, byte B, byte A) GetPixelColor(Triangle3DElement triangle, Point3D correspPoint, Camera camera, List <ILightSource> lights, List <double> obstructions)
{
NormalizedVector3D normal = triangle.GetNormalAt(correspPoint);
byte R = 0;
byte G = 0;
byte B = 0;
byte A = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < triangle.Fill.Count; i++)
{
Colour col = triangle.Fill[i].GetColour(correspPoint, normal, camera, lights, obstructions);
if (col.A == 1)
{
R = (byte)(col.R * 255);
G = (byte)(col.G * 255);
B = (byte)(col.B * 255);
A = (byte)(col.A * 255);
}
else
{
BlendFront(ref R, ref G, ref B, ref A, (byte)(col.R * 255), (byte)(col.G * 255), (byte)(col.B * 255), (byte)(col.A * 255));
}
}
return(R, G, B, A);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a new <see cref="VectorRendererTriangle3DElement"/> based on the specified base <paramref name="triangle"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="triangle">The base <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/> from which all property values will be copied.</param>
public VectorRendererTriangle3DElement(Triangle3DElement triangle) : this(triangle.Point1, triangle.Point2, triangle.Point3, triangle.Point1Normal, triangle.Point2Normal, triangle.Point3Normal)
{
this.CastsShadow = triangle.CastsShadow;
this.Fill = triangle.Fill;
this.ReceivesShadow = triangle.ReceivesShadow;
this.Tag = triangle.Tag;
this.ZIndex = triangle.ZIndex;
}
/// <inheritdoc/>
public override Point3D Deproject(Point point, Triangle3DElement triangle)
{
Point3D rotatedPoint = new Point3D(point.X / ScaleFactor, point.Y / ScaleFactor, 0);
Point3D projectedPoint = RotationMatrix.Inverse() * (CameraRotationMatrix.Inverse() * rotatedPoint);
Point3D cameraPlanePoint = projectedPoint + (Vector3D)this.Position;
Point3D centroid = (Point3D)(((Vector3D)triangle[0] + (Vector3D)triangle[1] + (Vector3D)triangle[2]) * (1.0 / 3.0));
Vector3D l = Direction;
double d = ((centroid - cameraPlanePoint) * triangle.ActualNormal) / (l * triangle.ActualNormal);
Point3D pt = cameraPlanePoint + l * d;
return(pt);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a quadrilater. All the vertices need not be coplanar.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="point1">The first vertex of the quadrilater.</param>
/// <param name="point2">The second vertex of the quadrilater.</param>
/// <param name="point3">The third vertex of the quadrilater.</param>
/// <param name="point4">The fourth vertex of the quadrilater.</param>
/// <param name="fill">A collection of materials that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="tag">A tag that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="zIndex">A z-index that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <returns>A list containing two <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s representing the quadrilater.</returns>
public static List <Element3D> CreateRectangle(Point3D point1, Point3D point2, Point3D point3, Point3D point4, IEnumerable <IMaterial> fill, string tag = null, int zIndex = 0)
{
Triangle3DElement triangle1 = new Triangle3DElement(point1, point2, point3);
triangle1.Fill.AddRange(fill);
triangle1.Tag = tag;
triangle1.ZIndex = zIndex;
Triangle3DElement triangle2 = new Triangle3DElement(point1, point3, point4);
triangle2.Fill.AddRange(fill);
triangle2.Tag = tag;
triangle2.ZIndex = zIndex;
return(new List <Element3D> {
triangle1, triangle2
});
}
private static (byte R, byte G, byte B, byte A) GetPixelColorWithShadow(Triangle3DElement triangle, List <ILightSource> lights, IEnumerable <Triangle3DElement> shadowers, Point3D correspPoint, Camera camera)
{
List <double> pixelObstructions = new List <double>(lights.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < lights.Count; i++)
{
if (!lights[i].CastsShadow)
{
pixelObstructions.Add(0);
}
else
{
pixelObstructions.Add(lights[i].GetObstruction(correspPoint, from el in shadowers where el != triangle select el));
}
}
byte R = 0;
byte G = 0;
byte B = 0;
byte A = 0;
NormalizedVector3D normal = triangle.GetNormalAt(correspPoint);
for (int i = 0; i < triangle.Fill.Count; i++)
{
Colour col = triangle.Fill[i].GetColour(correspPoint, normal, camera, lights, pixelObstructions);
if (col.A == 1)
{
R = (byte)(col.R * 255);
G = (byte)(col.G * 255);
B = (byte)(col.B * 255);
A = (byte)(col.A * 255);
}
else
{
BlendFront(ref R, ref G, ref B, ref A, (byte)(col.R * 255), (byte)(col.G * 255), (byte)(col.B * 255), (byte)(col.A * 255));
}
}
return(R, G, B, A);
}
/// <summary>
/// Applies the transformation to a <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="triangle">The <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/> to which the transformation should be applied.</param>
/// <returns>A <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/> corresponding to a triangle in which the transformation has been applied to the points from <paramref name="triangle" />. Properties are preserved between the two elements.</returns>
public Triangle3DElement Apply(Triangle3DElement triangle)
{
Point3D p1 = this.Apply(triangle.Point1);
Point3D p2 = this.Apply(triangle.Point2);
Point3D p3 = this.Apply(triangle.Point3);
if (!triangle.IsFlat)
{
Point3D p1Ref = triangle.Point1 + (Vector3D)triangle.Point1Normal;
Point3D p2Ref = triangle.Point2 + (Vector3D)triangle.Point2Normal;
Point3D p3Ref = triangle.Point3 + (Vector3D)triangle.Point3Normal;
p1Ref = this.Apply(p1Ref);
p2Ref = this.Apply(p2Ref);
p3Ref = this.Apply(p3Ref);
NormalizedVector3D n1 = (p1Ref - p1).Normalize();
NormalizedVector3D n2 = (p2Ref - p2).Normalize();
NormalizedVector3D n3 = (p3Ref - p3).Normalize();
Triangle3DElement tbr = new Triangle3DElement(p1, p2, p3, n1, n2, n3)
{
CastsShadow = triangle.CastsShadow, ReceivesShadow = triangle.ReceivesShadow, Tag = triangle.Tag, ZIndex = triangle.ZIndex
};
tbr.Fill.AddRange(triangle.Fill);
return(tbr);
}
else
{
Triangle3DElement tbr = new Triangle3DElement(p1, p2, p3)
{
CastsShadow = triangle.CastsShadow, ReceivesShadow = triangle.ReceivesShadow, Tag = triangle.Tag, ZIndex = triangle.ZIndex
};
tbr.Fill.AddRange(triangle.Fill);
return(tbr);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a tetrahedron inscribed in a sphere.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="center">The centre of the tetrahedron.</param>
/// <param name="radius">The radius of the sphere in which the tetrahedron is inscribed.</param>
/// <param name="fill">A collection of materials that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="tag">A tag that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="zIndex">A z-index that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <returns>A list of <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s that constitute the sphere.</returns>
public static List <Element3D> CreateTetrahedron(Point3D center, double radius, IEnumerable <IMaterial> fill, string tag = null, int zIndex = 0)
{
Point3D tip = new Point3D(center.X, center.Y - radius, center.Z);
Point3D base1 = new Point3D(Math.Sqrt(8.0 / 9) * radius + center.X, center.Y + radius / 3, center.Z);
Point3D base2 = new Point3D(-Math.Sqrt(2.0 / 9) * radius + center.X, center.Y + radius / 3, center.Z + Math.Sqrt(2.0 / 3) * radius);
Point3D base3 = new Point3D(-Math.Sqrt(2.0 / 9) * radius + center.X, center.Y + radius / 3, center.Z - Math.Sqrt(2.0 / 3) * radius);
Triangle3DElement faceTriangle1 = new Triangle3DElement(tip, base2, base1)
{
Tag = tag, ZIndex = zIndex
};
faceTriangle1.Fill.AddRange(fill);
Triangle3DElement faceTriangle2 = new Triangle3DElement(tip, base3, base2)
{
Tag = tag, ZIndex = zIndex
};
faceTriangle2.Fill.AddRange(fill);
Triangle3DElement faceTriangle3 = new Triangle3DElement(tip, base1, base3)
{
Tag = tag, ZIndex = zIndex
};
faceTriangle3.Fill.AddRange(fill);
Triangle3DElement baseTriangle = new Triangle3DElement(base1, base2, base3)
{
Tag = tag, ZIndex = zIndex
};
baseTriangle.Fill.AddRange(fill);
return(new List <Element3D>()
{
faceTriangle1, faceTriangle2, faceTriangle3, baseTriangle
});
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a sphere.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="center">The centre of the sphere.</param>
/// <param name="radius">The radius of the sphere.</param>
/// <param name="steps">The number of meridians and parallels to use when generating the sphere.</param>
/// <param name="fill">A collection of materials that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="tag">A tag that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <param name="zIndex">A z-index that will be applied to the <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s returned by this method.</param>
/// <returns>A list of <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/>s that constitute the sphere.</returns>
public static List <Element3D> CreateSphere(Point3D center, double radius, int steps, IEnumerable <IMaterial> fill, string tag = null, int zIndex = 0)
{
List <Point3D> points = new List <Point3D>();
for (int t = 0; t <= steps; t++)
{
for (int p = 0; p < steps * 2; p++)
{
double theta = Math.PI / steps * t;
double phi = Math.PI / steps * p;
double x = center.X + radius * Math.Sin(theta) * Math.Cos(phi);
double y = center.Y + radius * Math.Sin(theta) * Math.Sin(phi);
double z = center.Z + radius * Math.Cos(theta);
points.Add(new Point3D(x, y, z));
if (t == 0 || t == steps)
{
break;
}
}
}
List <Element3D> tbr = new List <Element3D>(4 * steps + (points.Count - 2 - 2 * steps) * 2);
for (int i = 0; i < points.Count - 1; i++)
{
if (i == 0)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 2 * steps; j++)
{
Point3D p1 = points[i];
Point3D p3 = points[i + 1 + j];
Point3D p2 = points[i + 1 + (j + 1) % (2 * steps)];
Triangle3DElement tri = new Triangle3DElement(p1, p2, p3, (center - p1).Normalize(), (center - p2).Normalize(), (center - p3).Normalize());
tri.Fill.AddRange(fill);
tri.Tag = tag;
tri.ZIndex = zIndex;
tbr.Add(tri);
}
}
else if (i >= points.Count - 1 - 2 * steps)
{
Point3D p1 = points[i];
Point3D p3 = points[points.Count - 1];
Point3D p2 = points[points.Count - 1 - 2 * steps + (i - (points.Count - 1 - 2 * steps) + 1) % (2 * steps)];
Triangle3DElement tri = new Triangle3DElement(p1, p2, p3, (center - p1).Normalize(), (center - p2).Normalize(), (center - p3).Normalize());
tri.Fill.AddRange(fill);
tri.Tag = tag;
tri.ZIndex = zIndex;
tbr.Add(tri);
}
else
{
if ((i - 1) % (2 * steps) < 2 * steps - 1)
{
Point3D p4 = points[i + 2 * steps];
Point3D p3 = points[i + 2 * steps + 1];
Point3D p2 = points[i + 1];
Point3D p1 = points[i];
tbr.AddRange(CreateRectangle(p1, p2, p3, p4, (center - p1).Normalize(), (center - p2).Normalize(), (center - p3).Normalize(), (center - p4).Normalize(), fill, tag, zIndex));
}
else
{
Point3D p4 = points[i + 2 * steps];
Point3D p3 = points[(i / (2 * steps)) * 2 * steps + 1];
Point3D p2 = points[(i / (2 * steps) - 1) * 2 * steps + 1];
Point3D p1 = points[i];
tbr.AddRange(CreateRectangle(p1, p2, p3, p4, (center - p1).Normalize(), (center - p2).Normalize(), (center - p3).Normalize(), (center - p4).Normalize(), fill, tag, zIndex));
}
}
}
return(tbr);
}
private unsafe void FillTriangleWithShadow(byte *imageData, Triangle3DElement triangle, Camera camera, List <ILightSource> lights, List <Triangle3DElement> shadowers)
{
Point[] triangle2D = triangle.GetProjection();
int minX = int.MaxValue;
int minY = int.MaxValue;
int maxX = int.MinValue;
int maxY = int.MinValue;
for (int i = 0; i < triangle2D.Length; i++)
{
triangle2D[i] = new Point((triangle2D[i].X - camera.TopLeft.X) / camera.Size.Width * this.RenderWidth, (triangle2D[i].Y - camera.TopLeft.Y) / camera.Size.Height * this.RenderHeight);
minX = Math.Min(minX, (int)triangle2D[i].X);
minY = Math.Min(minY, (int)triangle2D[i].Y);
maxX = Math.Max(maxX, (int)Math.Ceiling(triangle2D[i].X));
maxY = Math.Max(maxY, (int)Math.Ceiling(triangle2D[i].Y));
}
minX = Math.Max(minX, 0);
minY = Math.Max(minY, 0);
maxX = Math.Min(maxX, this.RenderWidth - 1);
maxY = Math.Min(maxY, this.RenderHeight - 1);
List <Triangle3DElement> otherShadowers = new List <Triangle3DElement>(shadowers.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < shadowers.Count; i++)
{
if (shadowers[i] != triangle)
{
otherShadowers.Add(shadowers[i]);
}
}
int totalPixels = (maxX - minX + 1) * (maxY - minY + 1);
Parallel.For(0, totalPixels, index =>
{
int y = index / (maxX - minX + 1) + minY;
int x = index % (maxX - minX + 1) + minX;
if (Intersections2D.PointInTriangle(x, y, triangle2D[0], triangle2D[1], triangle2D[2]))
{
Point3D correspPoint = camera.Deproject(new Point((double)x / this.RenderWidth * camera.Size.Width + camera.TopLeft.X, (double)y / this.RenderHeight * camera.Size.Height + camera.TopLeft.Y), triangle);
double zDepth = camera.ZDepth(correspPoint);
int prevZIndexBuffer = ZIndexBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x];
if (prevZIndexBuffer < triangle.ZIndex || (prevZIndexBuffer == triangle.ZIndex && ZBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x] > zDepth))
{
(byte R, byte G, byte B, byte A) = GetPixelColorWithShadow(triangle, lights, otherShadowers, x, y, correspPoint, camera);
if (A == 255)
{
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4] = R;
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 1] = G;
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 2] = B;
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3] = A;
}
else
{
BlendFront(ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 1], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 2], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3], R, G, B, A);
}
ZBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x] = zDepth;
ZIndexBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x] = triangle.ZIndex;
}
else if (imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3] < 255)
{
(byte R, byte G, byte B, byte A) = GetPixelColorWithShadow(triangle, lights, otherShadowers, x, y, correspPoint, camera);
BlendBack(R, G, B, A, ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 1], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 2], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3]);
}
}
});
}
private unsafe void FillTriangle(byte *imageData, Triangle3DElement triangle, Camera camera, List <ILightSource> lights, List <double> obstructions)
{
Point[] triangle2D = triangle.GetProjection();
int minX = int.MaxValue;
int minY = int.MaxValue;
int maxX = int.MinValue;
int maxY = int.MinValue;
for (int i = 0; i < triangle2D.Length; i++)
{
triangle2D[i] = new Point((triangle2D[i].X - camera.TopLeft.X) / camera.Size.Width * this.RenderWidth, (triangle2D[i].Y - camera.TopLeft.Y) / camera.Size.Height * this.RenderHeight);
minX = Math.Min(minX, (int)triangle2D[i].X);
minY = Math.Min(minY, (int)triangle2D[i].Y);
maxX = Math.Max(maxX, (int)Math.Ceiling(triangle2D[i].X));
maxY = Math.Max(maxY, (int)Math.Ceiling(triangle2D[i].Y));
}
minX = Math.Max(minX, 0);
minY = Math.Max(minY, 0);
maxX = Math.Min(maxX, this.RenderWidth - 1);
maxY = Math.Min(maxY, this.RenderHeight - 1);
int totalPixels = (maxX - minX + 1) * (maxY - minY + 1);
Parallel.For(0, totalPixels, index =>
{
int y = index / (maxX - minX + 1) + minY;
int x = index % (maxX - minX + 1) + minX;
if (Intersections2D.PointInTriangle(x, y, triangle2D[0], triangle2D[1], triangle2D[2]))
{
Point3D correspPoint = camera.Deproject(new Point((double)x / this.RenderWidth * camera.Size.Width + camera.TopLeft.X, (double)y / this.RenderHeight * camera.Size.Height + camera.TopLeft.Y), triangle);
double zDepth = camera.ZDepth(correspPoint);
int prevZIndexBuffer = ZIndexBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x];
if (prevZIndexBuffer < triangle.ZIndex || (prevZIndexBuffer == triangle.ZIndex && ZBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x] > zDepth))
{
byte R = 0;
byte G = 0;
byte B = 0;
byte A = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < triangle.Fill.Count; i++)
{
Colour col = triangle.Fill[i].GetColour(correspPoint, triangle.GetNormalAt(correspPoint), camera, lights, obstructions);
if (col.A == 1)
{
R = (byte)(col.R * 255);
G = (byte)(col.G * 255);
B = (byte)(col.B * 255);
A = (byte)(col.A * 255);
}
else
{
BlendFront(ref R, ref G, ref B, ref A, (byte)(col.R * 255), (byte)(col.G * 255), (byte)(col.B * 255), (byte)(col.A * 255));
}
}
if (A == 255)
{
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4] = R;
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 1] = G;
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 2] = B;
imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3] = A;
}
else
{
BlendFront(ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 1], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 2], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3], R, G, B, A);
}
ZBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x] = zDepth;
ZIndexBuffer[y * RenderWidth + x] = triangle.ZIndex;
}
else if (imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3] < 255)
{
byte R = 0;
byte G = 0;
byte B = 0;
byte A = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < triangle.Fill.Count; i++)
{
Colour col = triangle.Fill[i].GetColour(correspPoint, triangle.GetNormalAt(correspPoint), camera, lights, obstructions);
if (col.A == 1)
{
R = (byte)(col.R * 255);
G = (byte)(col.G * 255);
B = (byte)(col.B * 255);
A = (byte)(col.A * 255);
}
else
{
BlendFront(ref R, ref G, ref B, ref A, (byte)(col.R * 255), (byte)(col.G * 255), (byte)(col.B * 255), (byte)(col.A * 255));
}
}
BlendBack(R, G, B, A, ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 1], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 2], ref imageData[y * RenderWidth * 4 + x * 4 + 3]);
}
}
});
}
/// <summary> /// Projects a <see cref="Point"/> in 2D units to obtain the corresponding <see cref="Point3D"/> on the specified element. /// </summary> /// <param name="point">The <see cref="Point"/> to project.</param> /// <param name="element">The <see cref="Triangle3DElement"/> on which the point should be projected.</param> /// <returns>A <see cref="Point3D"/> corresponding to the point on <paramref name="element"/> that, when projected with the current camera, corresponds to <paramref name="point"/>.</returns> public abstract Point3D Deproject(Point point, Triangle3DElement element);