private static int RefreshCurrentProcessorId()
{
int currentProcessorId = Thread.GetCurrentProcessorNumber();
// On Unix, GetCurrentProcessorNumber() is implemented in terms of sched_getcpu, which
// doesn't exist on all platforms. On those it doesn't exist on, GetCurrentProcessorNumber()
// returns -1. As a fallback in that case and to spread the threads across the buckets
// by default, we use the current managed thread ID as a proxy.
if (currentProcessorId < 0)
{
currentProcessorId = Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId;
}
Debug.Assert(s_processorIdRefreshRate <= ProcessorIdCacheCountDownMask);
// Mask with int.MaxValue to ensure the execution Id is not negative
t_currentProcessorIdCache = ((currentProcessorId << ProcessorIdCacheShift) & int.MaxValue) | s_processorIdRefreshRate;
return(currentProcessorId);
}
// If GetCurrentProcessorNumber takes any nontrivial time (compared to TLS access), return false.
// Check more than once - to make sure it was not because TLS was delayed by GC or a context switch.
internal static bool ProcessorNumberSpeedCheck()
{
// NOTE: We do not check the frequency of the Stopwatch.
// The frequency often does not match the actual timer refresh rate anyways.
// If the resolution, precision or access time to the timer are inadequate for our measures here,
// the test will fail anyways.
double minID = double.MaxValue;
double minTLS = double.MaxValue;
// warm up the code paths.
UninlinedThreadStatic();
// also check if API is actually functional (-1 means not supported)
if (Thread.GetCurrentProcessorNumber() < 0)
{
s_processorIdRefreshRate = ProcessorIdCacheCountDownMask;
return(false);
}
long oneMicrosecond = Stopwatch.Frequency / 1000000 + 1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
// we will measure at least 16 iterations and at least 1 microsecond
long t;
int iters = 8;
do
{
iters *= 2;
t = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
for (int j = 0; j < iters; j++)
{
Thread.GetCurrentProcessorNumber();
}
t = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() - t;
} while (t < oneMicrosecond);
minID = Math.Min(minID, (double)t / iters);
// we will measure at least 1 microsecond,
// and use at least 1/2 of ProcID iterations
// we assume that TLS can't be more than 2x slower than ProcID
iters /= 4;
do
{
iters *= 2;
t = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
for (int j = 0; j < iters; j++)
{
UninlinedThreadStatic();
}
t = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() - t;
} while (t < oneMicrosecond);
minTLS = Math.Min(minTLS, (double)t / iters);
}
// A few words about choosing cache refresh rate:
//
// There are too reasons why data structures use core affinity:
// 1) To improve locality - avoid running on one core and using data in other core's cache.
// 2) To reduce sharing - avoid multiple threads using the same piece of data.
//
// Scenarios with large footprint, like striped caches, are sensitive to both parts. It is desirable to access
// large data from the "right" core.
// In scenarios where the state is small, like a striped counter, it is mostly about sharing.
// Otherwise the state is small and occasionally moving counter to a different core via cache miss is not a big deal.
//
// In scenarios that care more about sharing precise results of GetCurrentProcessorNumber may not justify
// the cost unless the underlying implementation is very cheap.
// In such cases it is desirable to amortize the cost over multiple accesses by caching in a ThreadStatic.
//
// In addition to the data structure, the benefits also depend on use pattern and on concurrency level.
// I.E. if an array pool user only rents array "just in case" but does not actually use it, and concurrency level is low,
// a longer refresh would be beneficial since that could lower the API cost.
// If array is actually used, then there is benefit from higher precision of the API and shorter refresh is more attractive.
//
// Overall we do not know the ideal refresh rate and using some kind of dynamic feedback is unlikely to be feasible.
// Experiments have shown, however, that 5x amortization rate is a good enough balance between precision and cost of the API.
s_processorIdRefreshRate = Math.Min((int)(minID * 5 / minTLS), MaxIdRefreshRate);
// In a case if GetCurrentProcessorNumber is particularly fast, like it happens on platforms supporting RDPID instruction,
// caching is not an improvement, thus it is desirable to bypass the cache entirely.
// Such systems consistently derive the refresh rate at or below 2-3, while the next tier, RDTSCP based implementations result in ~10,
// so we use "5" as a criteria to separate "fast" machines from the rest.
return(s_processorIdRefreshRate <= 5);
}