private unsafe Task WriteAsyncInternalCore(ReadOnlyMemory <byte> source, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            if (!CanWrite)
            {
                ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_UnwritableStream();
            }

            Debug.Assert(!_fileHandle.IsClosed, "!_handle.IsClosed");

            // Create and store async stream class library specific data in the async result
            FileStreamCompletionSource completionSource = FileStreamCompletionSource.Create(this, _preallocatedOverlapped, 0, source);
            NativeOverlapped *         intOverlapped    = completionSource.Overlapped;

            long positionBefore = _filePosition;

            if (CanSeek)
            {
                // Now set the position to read from in the NativeOverlapped struct
                // For pipes, we should leave the offset fields set to 0.
                intOverlapped->OffsetLow  = (int)positionBefore;
                intOverlapped->OffsetHigh = (int)(positionBefore >> 32);

                // When using overlapped IO, the OS is not supposed to
                // touch the file pointer location at all.  We will adjust it
                // ourselves, but only in memory.  This isn't threadsafe.
                _filePosition += source.Length;
                UpdateLengthOnChangePosition();
            }

            // queue an async WriteFile operation and pass in a packed overlapped
            int r = FileStreamHelpers.WriteFileNative(_fileHandle, source.Span, false, intOverlapped, out int errorCode);

            // WriteFile, the OS version, will return 0 on failure.  But
            // my WriteFileNative wrapper returns -1.  My wrapper will return
            // the following:
            // On error, r==-1.
            // On async requests that are still pending, r==-1 w/ errorCode==ERROR_IO_PENDING
            // On async requests that completed sequentially, r==0
            // You will NEVER RELIABLY be able to get the number of bytes
            // written back from this call when using overlapped IO!  You must
            // not pass in a non-null lpNumBytesWritten to WriteFile when using
            // overlapped structures!  This is ByDesign NT behavior.
            if (r == -1)
            {
                // For pipes, when they are closed on the other side, they will come here.
                if (errorCode == ERROR_NO_DATA)
                {
                    // Not an error, but EOF. AsyncFSCallback will NOT be called.
                    // Completing TCS and return cached task allowing the GC to collect TCS.
                    completionSource.SetCompletedSynchronously(0);
                    return(Task.CompletedTask);
                }
                else if (errorCode != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
                {
                    if (!_fileHandle.IsClosed && CanSeek)  // Update Position - It could be anywhere.
                    {
                        _filePosition = positionBefore;
                    }

                    completionSource.ReleaseNativeResource();

                    if (errorCode == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
                    {
                        ThrowHelper.ThrowEndOfFileException();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw Win32Marshal.GetExceptionForWin32Error(errorCode, _path);
                    }
                }
                else if (cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled) // ERROR_IO_PENDING
                {
                    // Only once the IO is pending do we register for cancellation
                    completionSource.RegisterForCancellation(cancellationToken);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Due to a workaround for a race condition in NT's ReadFile &
                // WriteFile routines, we will always be returning 0 from WriteFileNative
                // when we do async IO instead of the number of bytes written,
                // irregardless of whether the operation completed
                // synchronously or asynchronously.  We absolutely must not
                // set asyncResult._numBytes here, since will never have correct
                // results.
            }

            return(completionSource.Task);
        }
        private unsafe Task <int> ReadAsyncInternal(Memory <byte> destination, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
        {
            if (!CanRead)
            {
                ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_UnreadableStream();
            }

            Debug.Assert(!_fileHandle.IsClosed, "!_handle.IsClosed");

            // Create and store async stream class library specific data in the async result
            FileStreamCompletionSource completionSource = FileStreamCompletionSource.Create(this, _preallocatedOverlapped, 0, destination);
            NativeOverlapped *         intOverlapped    = completionSource.Overlapped;

            // Calculate position in the file we should be at after the read is done
            long positionBefore = _filePosition;

            if (CanSeek)
            {
                long len = Length;

                if (positionBefore + destination.Length > len)
                {
                    if (positionBefore <= len)
                    {
                        destination = destination.Slice(0, (int)(len - positionBefore));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        destination = default;
                    }
                }

                // Now set the position to read from in the NativeOverlapped struct
                // For pipes, we should leave the offset fields set to 0.
                intOverlapped->OffsetLow  = unchecked ((int)positionBefore);
                intOverlapped->OffsetHigh = (int)(positionBefore >> 32);

                // When using overlapped IO, the OS is not supposed to
                // touch the file pointer location at all.  We will adjust it
                // ourselves, but only in memory. This isn't threadsafe.
                _filePosition += destination.Length;
            }

            // queue an async ReadFile operation and pass in a packed overlapped
            int r = FileStreamHelpers.ReadFileNative(_fileHandle, destination.Span, false, intOverlapped, out int errorCode);

            // ReadFile, the OS version, will return 0 on failure.  But
            // my ReadFileNative wrapper returns -1.  My wrapper will return
            // the following:
            // On error, r==-1.
            // On async requests that are still pending, r==-1 w/ errorCode==ERROR_IO_PENDING
            // on async requests that completed sequentially, r==0
            // You will NEVER RELIABLY be able to get the number of bytes
            // read back from this call when using overlapped structures!  You must
            // not pass in a non-null lpNumBytesRead to ReadFile when using
            // overlapped structures!  This is by design NT behavior.
            if (r == -1)
            {
                // For pipes, when they hit EOF, they will come here.
                if (errorCode == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
                {
                    // Not an error, but EOF.  AsyncFSCallback will NOT be
                    // called.  Call the user callback here.

                    // We clear the overlapped status bit for this special case.
                    // Failure to do so looks like we are freeing a pending overlapped later.
                    intOverlapped->InternalLow = IntPtr.Zero;
                    completionSource.SetCompletedSynchronously(0);
                }
                else if (errorCode != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
                {
                    if (!_fileHandle.IsClosed && CanSeek)  // Update Position - It could be anywhere.
                    {
                        _filePosition = positionBefore;
                    }

                    completionSource.ReleaseNativeResource();

                    if (errorCode == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
                    {
                        ThrowHelper.ThrowEndOfFileException();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw Win32Marshal.GetExceptionForWin32Error(errorCode, _path);
                    }
                }
                else if (cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled) // ERROR_IO_PENDING
                {
                    // Only once the IO is pending do we register for cancellation
                    completionSource.RegisterForCancellation(cancellationToken);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Due to a workaround for a race condition in NT's ReadFile &
                // WriteFile routines, we will always be returning 0 from ReadFileNative
                // when we do async IO instead of the number of bytes read,
                // irregardless of whether the operation completed
                // synchronously or asynchronously.  We absolutely must not
                // set asyncResult._numBytes here, since will never have correct
                // results.
            }

            return(completionSource.Task);
        }