private Primitive RenderRay(Vector3D screenPos, ref Color3D acc)
{
Vector3D dir = (screenPos - _origin).Normalize();
Ray r = new Ray(_origin, dir);
RaysCast++;
double dist = 0;
//trace ray
return Raytrace(r, ref acc, 1, 1.0, ref dist, Constants.Samples, 1.0 / Constants.Samples);
}
private int FindOccluder(Ray ray, ref double distance)
{
double tnear = Constants.Epsilon;
double t;
Vector3D o = ray.Origin;
Vector3D d = ray.Direction;
//init stack
int entrypoint = 0;
int exitpoint = 0;
// init traversal
KdTreeNode farchild;
KdTreeNode currnode = _scene.KdTree.Root;
_stack[entrypoint].T = tnear;
_stack[entrypoint].Pb = o;
_stack[exitpoint].T = distance;
_stack[exitpoint].Pb = o + d * distance;
_stack[exitpoint].Node = null;
// traverse kd-tree
while (currnode != null) {
while (currnode.IsLeaf) {
//while (!currnode.IsLeaf) {
double splitpos = currnode.SplitPosition;
int axis = currnode.Axis;
if (_stack[entrypoint].Pb[axis] <= splitpos) {
if (_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] <= splitpos) {
currnode = currnode.Left;
continue;
}
if (_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] == splitpos) {
currnode = currnode.Right;
continue;
}
currnode = currnode.Left;
farchild = currnode.Right;
}
else {
if (_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] > splitpos) {
currnode = currnode.Right;
continue;
}
farchild = currnode.Left;
currnode = farchild.Right;
}
t = (splitpos - o[axis]) / d[axis];
int tmp = exitpoint;
if (++exitpoint == entrypoint)
exitpoint++;
_stack[exitpoint].Prev = tmp;
_stack[exitpoint].T = t;
_stack[exitpoint].Node = farchild;
_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] = splitpos;
int nextaxis = _mod[axis + 1];
int prevaxis = _mod[axis + 2];
_stack[exitpoint].Pb[nextaxis] = o[nextaxis] + t * d[nextaxis];
_stack[exitpoint].Pb[prevaxis] = o[prevaxis] + t * d[prevaxis];
}
ObjectList list = currnode.List;
double dist = distance; // m_Stack[exitpoint].t;
while (list != null && list.Primitive != null) {
Intersections++;
if (list.Primitive.Intersect(ray, ref dist) != RayHitDetection.Miss)
return 1;
list = list.Next;
}
entrypoint = exitpoint;
currnode = _stack[exitpoint].Node;
exitpoint = _stack[entrypoint].Prev;
}
return 0;
}
private Primitive Raytrace(Ray ray, ref Color3D acc, int depth, double rIndex, ref double distance, double samples, double sScale)
{
//trace primary ray
distance = Constants.Maxdouble;
Primitive prim = null;
//find the nearest intersection
RayHitDetection result = FindNearest(ray, ref distance, ref prim);
//No hit? Return null then
if (result == RayHitDetection.Miss || prim == null)
return null;
//Determine color at point of intersection
Vector3D pi = ray.Origin + ray.Direction * distance;
Color3D color = prim.GetColor(pi);
Vector3D n = prim.GetNormal(pi);
//trace lights
foreach (Light light in _scene.Lights) {
Vector3D l = null;
double shade = CalcShade(light, pi, ref l, samples, sScale);
if (shade > 0) {
//calculate diffuse shading
if (prim.Material.Diffuse > 0) {
double dot = l.DotProduct(n);
if (dot > 0) {
double diff = dot * prim.Material.Diffuse * shade;
//add diffuse component to ray color
acc += diff*color*light.Color;
}
}
// determine specular component using Schlick's BRDF approximation
if (prim.Material.Specular > 0) {
//point light source: sample once for specular highlight
Vector3D r = l - 2 * l.DotProduct(n) * n;
double dot = ray.Direction.DotProduct(r);
if (dot > 0) {
double spec = dot*prim.Material.Specular*shade/(50 - 50*dot + dot);
//add specular component to ray color
acc += spec*light.Color;
}
}
}
}
//Calculate reflections
if (Constants.ReflectionsEnabled) {
double refl = prim.Material.Reflection;
if (refl > 0 && depth < Constants.TraceDepth) {
double drefl = prim.Material.DiffuseReflection;
if (drefl > 0 && depth < 3) {
//calculate diffuse reflection
Vector3D rp = ray.Direction - 2*ray.Direction.DotProduct(n)*n;
Vector3D rn1 = new Vector3D(rp.Z, rp.Y, -rp.X);
Vector3D rn2 = rp.CrossProduct(rn1);
refl *= sScale;
for (int i = 0; i < Constants.Samples; i++) {
double xoffs, yoffs;
do {
xoffs = (_twister.Rand - .5)*drefl;
yoffs = (_twister.Rand - .5)*drefl;
} while (xoffs*xoffs + yoffs*yoffs > drefl*drefl);
Vector3D r = (rp + rn1*xoffs + rn2*yoffs*drefl).Normalize();
Color3D rCol = new Color3D(0, 0, 0);
double dist = 0;
Raytrace(new Ray(pi + r*Constants.Epsilon, r), ref rCol, depth + 1, rIndex, ref dist,
samples*.25, sScale*4);
RaysCast++;
acc += refl*rCol*color;
}
}
else {
//calculate perfect reflection
Vector3D r = ray.Direction - 2*ray.Direction.DotProduct(n)*n;
Color3D rCol = new Color3D(0, 0, 0);
double dist = 0;
Raytrace(new Ray(pi + r*Constants.Epsilon, r), ref rCol, depth + 1, rIndex, ref dist, samples*.5,
sScale*2);
RaysCast++;
acc += refl*rCol*color;
}
}
}
//Calculate refraction
if (Constants.RefractionsEnabled) {
double refr = prim.Material.Refraction;
if (refr > 0 && depth < Constants.TraceDepth) {
double localRIndex = prim.Material.RefractionIndex;
double indexDiff = rIndex/localRIndex;
Vector3D vN = prim.GetNormal(pi)*(double) result;
double cosI = -(vN.DotProduct(ray.Direction));
double cosT2 = 1f - indexDiff*indexDiff*(1f - cosI*cosI);
if (cosT2 > 0) {
Vector3D t = indexDiff*ray.Direction + (indexDiff*cosI - Math.Sqrt(cosT2))*vN;
Color3D rCol = new Color3D();
double dist = 0;
Raytrace(new Ray(pi + t*Constants.Epsilon, t), ref rCol, depth + 1, localRIndex, ref dist,
samples*.5, sScale*2);
RaysCast++;
//Apply Beer's law
Color3D absorbance = prim.Material.Color*.15*-dist;
Color3D transparency = new Color3D(Math.Exp(absorbance.R), Math.Exp(absorbance.G),
Math.Exp(absorbance.B));
acc += rCol*transparency;
}
}
}
return prim;
}
private RayHitDetection FindNearest(Ray ray, ref double distance, ref Primitive primitive)
{
RayHitDetection retval = RayHitDetection.Miss;
double tnear = 0;
double tfar = distance;
double t;
Vector3D p1 = _scene.Extends.Position;
Vector3D p2 = p1 + _scene.Extends.Size;
Vector3D d = ray.Direction;
Vector3D o = ray.Origin;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
if (d[i] < 0) {
if (o[i] < p1[i])
return RayHitDetection.Miss;
}
else if (o[i] > p2[i])
return RayHitDetection.Miss;
}
//Clip ray segment to box
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
double pos = o[i] + tfar * d[i];
if (d[i] < 0) {
// clip end point
if (pos < p1[i]) tfar = tnear + (tfar - tnear) * ((o[i] - p1[i]) / (o[i] - pos));
// clip start point
if (o[i] > p2[i]) tnear += (tfar - tnear) * ((o[i] - p2[i]) / (tfar * d[i]));
}
else {
// clip end point
if (pos > p2[i]) tfar = tnear + (tfar - tnear) * ((p2[i] - o[i]) / (pos - o[i]));
// clip start point
if (o[i] < p1[i]) tnear += (tfar - tnear) * ((p1[i] - o[i]) / (tfar * d[i]));
}
if (tnear > tfar) return RayHitDetection.Miss;
}
// init stack
int entrypoint = 0, exitpoint = 1;
// init traversal
KdTreeNode farchild;
KdTreeNode currnode = _scene.KdTree.Root;
_stack[entrypoint].T = tnear;
if (tnear > 0.0f)
_stack[entrypoint].Pb = o + d * tnear;
else
_stack[entrypoint].Pb = o;
_stack[exitpoint].T = tfar;
_stack[exitpoint].Pb = o + d * tfar;
_stack[exitpoint].Node = null;
// traverse kd-tree
while (currnode != null) {
while (currnode.IsLeaf) {
//while (!currnode.IsLeaf) {
double splitpos = currnode.SplitPosition;
int axis = currnode.Axis;
if (_stack[entrypoint].Pb[axis] <= splitpos) {
if (_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] <= splitpos) {
currnode = currnode.Left;
continue;
}
if (_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] == splitpos) {
currnode = currnode.Right;
continue;
}
currnode = currnode.Left;
farchild = currnode.Right;
}
else {
if (_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] > splitpos) {
currnode = currnode.Right;
continue;
}
farchild = currnode.Left;
currnode = farchild.Right;
}
t = (splitpos - o[axis]) / d[axis];
int tmp = exitpoint++;
if (exitpoint == entrypoint) exitpoint++;
_stack[exitpoint].Prev = tmp;
_stack[exitpoint].T = t;
_stack[exitpoint].Node = farchild;
_stack[exitpoint].Pb[axis] = splitpos;
int nextaxis = _mod[axis + 1];
int prevaxis = _mod[axis + 2];
_stack[exitpoint].Pb[nextaxis] = o[nextaxis] + t * d[nextaxis];
_stack[exitpoint].Pb[prevaxis] = o[prevaxis] + t * d[prevaxis];
}
ObjectList list = currnode.List;
double dist = _stack[exitpoint].T;
while (list != null && list.Primitive != null) {
Primitive pr = list.Primitive;
RayHitDetection result;
Intersections++;
if ((result = pr.Intersect(ray, ref dist)) != RayHitDetection.Miss) {
retval = result;
distance = dist;
primitive = pr;
}
list = list.Next;
}
if (retval != RayHitDetection.Miss)
return retval;
entrypoint = exitpoint;
currnode = _stack[exitpoint].Node;
exitpoint = _stack[entrypoint].Prev;
}
return RayHitDetection.Miss;
}