public void Serialize(JsonWriter jsonWriter, object value, Type objectType)
    {
      if (jsonWriter == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException("jsonWriter");

      if (objectType != null)
        _rootContract = Serializer._contractResolver.ResolveContract(objectType);

      SerializeValue(jsonWriter, value, GetContractSafe(value), null, null, null);
    }
		private bool ShouldWriteReference(object value, JsonProperty property, JsonContract contract)
		{
			if (value == null)
				return false;
			if (contract is JsonPrimitiveContract)
				return false;

			bool? isReference = null;

			// value could be coming from a dictionary or array and not have a property
			if (property != null)
				isReference = property.IsReference;

			if (isReference == null)
				isReference = contract.IsReference;

			if (isReference == null)
			{
				if (contract is JsonArrayContract)
					isReference = HasFlag(Serializer.PreserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Arrays);
				else
					isReference = HasFlag(Serializer.PreserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects);
			}

			if (!isReference.Value)
				return false;

			return Serializer.ReferenceResolver.IsReferenced(this, value);
		}
		private JsonArrayContract EnsureArrayContract(Type objectType, JsonContract contract)
		{
			if (contract == null)
				throw new JsonSerializationException("Could not resolve type '{0}' to a JsonContract.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType));

			JsonArrayContract arrayContract = contract as JsonArrayContract;
			if (arrayContract == null)
				throw new JsonSerializationException("Cannot deserialize JSON array into type '{0}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType));

			return arrayContract;
		}
		private JsonConverter GetConverter(JsonContract contract, JsonConverter memberConverter)
		{
			JsonConverter converter = null;
			if (memberConverter != null)
			{
				// member attribute converter
				converter = memberConverter;
			}
			else if (contract != null)
			{
				JsonConverter matchingConverter;
				if (contract.Converter != null)
					// class attribute converter
					converter = contract.Converter;
				else if ((matchingConverter = Serializer.GetMatchingConverter(contract.UnderlyingType)) != null)
					// passed in converters
					converter = matchingConverter;
				else if (contract.InternalConverter != null)
					// internally specified converter
					converter = contract.InternalConverter;
			}
			return converter;
		}
		private object CreateValueNonProperty(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract)
		{
			JsonConverter converter = GetConverter(contract, null);

			if (converter != null && converter.CanRead)
				return converter.ReadJson(reader, objectType, null, GetInternalSerializer());

			return CreateValueInternal(reader, objectType, contract, null, null);
		}
    private string GetPropertyName(JsonWriter writer, object name, JsonContract contract, out bool escape)
    {
      string propertyName;

      if (contract.ContractType == JsonContractType.Primitive)
      {
        JsonPrimitiveContract primitiveContract = (JsonPrimitiveContract)contract;
        if (primitiveContract.TypeCode == PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTime || primitiveContract.TypeCode == PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTimeNullable)
        {
          escape = false;
          StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
          DateTimeUtils.WriteDateTimeString(sw, (DateTime)name, writer.DateFormatHandling, writer.DateFormatString, writer.Culture);
          return sw.ToString();
        }
        else if (primitiveContract.TypeCode == PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTimeOffset || primitiveContract.TypeCode == PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTimeOffsetNullable)
        {
          escape = false;
          StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
          DateTimeUtils.WriteDateTimeOffsetString(sw, (DateTimeOffset)name, writer.DateFormatHandling, writer.DateFormatString, writer.Culture);
          return sw.ToString();
        }
        else
        {
          escape = true;
          return Convert.ToString(name, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }
      }
      else if (TryConvertToString(name, name.GetType(), out propertyName))
      {
        escape = true;
        return propertyName;
      }
      else
      {
        escape = true;
        return name.ToString();
      }
    }
    private void WriteObjectStart(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract collectionContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
    {
      writer.WriteStartObject();

      bool isReference = ResolveIsReference(contract, member, collectionContract, containerProperty) ?? HasFlag(Serializer._preserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects);
      if (isReference)
      {
        WriteReferenceIdProperty(writer, contract.UnderlyingType, value);
      }
      if (ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling.Objects, contract, member, collectionContract, containerProperty))
      {
        WriteTypeProperty(writer, contract.UnderlyingType);
      }
    }
		private void SerializeMultidimensionalArray(JsonWriter writer, Array values, JsonArrayContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract collectionContract)
		{
			contract.InvokeOnSerializing(values, Serializer.Context);

			_serializeStack.Add(values);

			bool hasWrittenMetadataObject = WriteStartArray(writer, values, contract, member, collectionContract);

			SerializeMultidimensionalArray(writer, values, contract, member, writer.Top, new int[0]);

			if (hasWrittenMetadataObject)
				writer.WriteEndObject();

			_serializeStack.RemoveAt(_serializeStack.Count - 1);

			contract.InvokeOnSerialized(values, Serializer.Context);
		}
		private bool WriteStartArray(JsonWriter writer, object values, JsonArrayContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract containerContract)
		{
			bool isReference = contract.IsReference ?? HasFlag(Serializer.PreserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Arrays);
			bool includeTypeDetails = ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling.Arrays, contract, member, containerContract);
			bool writeMetadataObject = isReference || includeTypeDetails;

			if (writeMetadataObject)
			{
				writer.WriteStartObject();

				if (isReference)
				{
					writer.WritePropertyName(JsonTypeReflector.IdPropertyName);
					writer.WriteValue(GetReference(writer, values));
				}
				if (includeTypeDetails)
				{
					WriteTypeProperty(writer, values.GetType());
				}
				writer.WritePropertyName(JsonTypeReflector.ArrayValuesPropertyName);
			}

			/*if (contract.ItemContract == null)
				contract.ItemContract = Serializer.ContractResolver.ResolveContract(contract.CollectionItemType ?? typeof(object));
			*/
			return writeMetadataObject;
		}
		private void SerializeConvertable(JsonWriter writer, JsonConverter converter, object value, JsonContract contract)
		{
			if (ShouldWriteReference(value, null, contract))
			{
				WriteReference(writer, value);
			}
			else
			{
				if (!CheckForCircularReference(value, null, contract))
					return;

				SerializeStack.Add(value);

				converter.WriteJson(writer, value, GetInternalSerializer());

				SerializeStack.RemoveAt(SerializeStack.Count - 1);
			}
		}
		private void SerializeList(JsonWriter writer, IWrappedCollection values, JsonArrayContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract collectionValueContract)
		{
			contract.InvokeOnSerializing(values.UnderlyingCollection, Serializer.Context);

			SerializeStack.Add(values.UnderlyingCollection);

			bool isReference = contract.IsReference ?? HasFlag(Serializer.PreserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Arrays);
			bool includeTypeDetails = ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling.Arrays, contract, member, collectionValueContract);

			if (isReference || includeTypeDetails)
			{
				writer.WriteStartObject();

				if (isReference)
				{
					writer.WritePropertyName(JsonTypeReflector.IdPropertyName);
					writer.WriteValue(Serializer.ReferenceResolver.GetReference(this, values.UnderlyingCollection));
				}
				if (includeTypeDetails)
				{
					WriteTypeProperty(writer, values.UnderlyingCollection.GetType());
				}
				writer.WritePropertyName(JsonTypeReflector.ArrayValuesPropertyName);
			}

			JsonContract childValuesContract = Serializer.ContractResolver.ResolveContract(contract.CollectionItemType ?? typeof(object));

			writer.WriteStartArray();

			int initialDepth = writer.Top;

			int index = 0;
			// note that an error in the IEnumerable won't be caught
#if !(UNITY_IPHONE || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL || UNITY_XBOXONE || UNITY_XBOX360 || UNITY_PS4 || UNITY_PS3 || UNITY_WII) || (UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL || UNITY_XBOXONE || UNITY_XBOX360 || UNITY_PS4 || UNITY_PS3 || UNITY_WII && !(UNITY_3_5 || UNITY_4_0_1 || UNITY_4_1 || UNITY_4_2 || UNITY_4_3))
			foreach (object value in values)
			{
				try
				{
					JsonContract valueContract = GetContractSafe(value);

					if (ShouldWriteReference(value, null, valueContract))
					{
						WriteReference(writer, value);
					}
					else
					{
						if (CheckForCircularReference(value, null, contract))
						{
							SerializeValue(writer, value, valueContract, null, childValuesContract);
						}
					}
				}
				catch (Exception ex)
				{
					if (IsErrorHandled(values.UnderlyingCollection, contract, index, ex))
						HandleError(writer, initialDepth);
					else
						throw;
				}
				finally
				{
					index++;
				}
			}
#else

			values.ForEach(value =>
			{
				try
				{
					JsonContract valueContract = GetContractSafe(value);

					if (ShouldWriteReference(value, null, valueContract))
					{
						WriteReference(writer, value);
					}
					else
					{
						if (CheckForCircularReference(value, null, contract))
						{
							SerializeValue(writer, value, valueContract, null, childValuesContract);
						}
					}
				}
				catch (Exception ex)
				{
					if (IsErrorHandled(values.UnderlyingCollection, contract, index, ex))
						HandleError(writer, initialDepth);
					else
						throw;
				}
				finally
				{
					index++;
				}
			});


#endif

			writer.WriteEndArray();

			if (isReference || includeTypeDetails)
			{
				writer.WriteEndObject();
			}

			SerializeStack.RemoveAt(SerializeStack.Count - 1);

			contract.InvokeOnSerialized(values.UnderlyingCollection, Serializer.Context);
		}
		private void SerializeObject(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract collectionValueContract)
		{
			contract.InvokeOnSerializing(value, Serializer.Context);

			SerializeStack.Add(value);
			writer.WriteStartObject();

			bool isReference = contract.IsReference ?? HasFlag(Serializer.PreserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects);
			if (isReference)
			{
				writer.WritePropertyName(JsonTypeReflector.IdPropertyName);
				writer.WriteValue(Serializer.ReferenceResolver.GetReference(this, value));
			}
			if (ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling.Objects, contract, member, collectionValueContract))
			{
				WriteTypeProperty(writer, contract.UnderlyingType);
			}

			int initialDepth = writer.Top;

			foreach (JsonProperty property in contract.Properties)
			{
				try
				{
					if (!property.Ignored && property.Readable && ShouldSerialize(property, value) && IsSpecified(property, value))
					{
						object memberValue = property.ValueProvider.GetValue(value);
						JsonContract memberContract = GetContractSafe(memberValue);

						WriteMemberInfoProperty(writer, memberValue, property, memberContract);
					}
				}
				catch (Exception ex)
				{
					if (IsErrorHandled(value, contract, property.PropertyName, ex))
						HandleError(writer, initialDepth);
					else
						throw;
				}
			}

			writer.WriteEndObject();
			SerializeStack.RemoveAt(SerializeStack.Count - 1);

			contract.InvokeOnSerialized(value, Serializer.Context);
		}
		private bool CheckForCircularReference(object value, ReferenceLoopHandling? referenceLoopHandling, JsonContract contract)
		{
			if (value == null || contract is JsonPrimitiveContract)
				return true;

			if (SerializeStack.IndexOf(value) != -1)
			{
				var selfRef = (value is Vector2 || value is Vector3 || value is Vector4 || value is Color || value is Color32)
					? ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore
					: referenceLoopHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer.ReferenceLoopHandling);
				switch (selfRef)
				{
					case ReferenceLoopHandling.Error:
						throw new JsonSerializationException("Self referencing loop detected for type '{0}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, value.GetType()));
					case ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore:
						return false;
					case ReferenceLoopHandling.Serialize:
						return true;
					default:
						throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected ReferenceLoopHandling value: '{0}'".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, Serializer.ReferenceLoopHandling));
				}
			}

			return true;
		}
		private void WriteMemberInfoProperty(JsonWriter writer, object memberValue, JsonProperty property, JsonContract contract)
		{
			string propertyName = property.PropertyName;
			object defaultValue = property.DefaultValue;

			if (property.NullValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer.NullValueHandling) == NullValueHandling.Ignore &&
				memberValue == null)
				return;

			if (HasFlag(property.DefaultValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer.DefaultValueHandling), DefaultValueHandling.Ignore)
			  && MiscellaneousUtils.ValueEquals(memberValue, defaultValue))
				return;

			if (ShouldWriteReference(memberValue, property, contract))
			{
				writer.WritePropertyName(propertyName);
				WriteReference(writer, memberValue);
				return;
			}

			if (!CheckForCircularReference(memberValue, property.ReferenceLoopHandling, contract))
				return;

			if (memberValue == null && property.Required == Required.Always)
				throw new JsonSerializationException("Cannot write a null value for property '{0}'. Property requires a value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, property.PropertyName));

			writer.WritePropertyName(propertyName);
			SerializeValue(writer, memberValue, contract, property, null);
		}
    private void OnSerialized(JsonWriter writer, JsonContract contract, object value)
    {
      if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Info)
        TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Info, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(null, writer.Path, "Finished serializing {0}".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType)), null);

      contract.InvokeOnSerialized(value, Serializer._context);
    }
		private bool ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling typeNameHandlingFlag, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract collectionValueContract)
		{
			if (HasFlag(((member != null) ? member.TypeNameHandling : null) ?? Serializer.TypeNameHandling, typeNameHandlingFlag))
				return true;

			if (member != null)
			{
				if ((member.TypeNameHandling ?? Serializer.TypeNameHandling) == TypeNameHandling.Auto
					// instance and property type are different
				  && contract.UnderlyingType != member.PropertyType)
				{
					JsonContract memberTypeContract = Serializer.ContractResolver.ResolveContract(member.PropertyType);
					// instance type and the property's type's contract default type are different (no need to put the type in JSON because the type will be created by default)
					if (contract.UnderlyingType != memberTypeContract.CreatedType)
						return true;
				}
			}
			else if (collectionValueContract != null)
			{
				if (Serializer.TypeNameHandling == TypeNameHandling.Auto && contract.UnderlyingType != collectionValueContract.UnderlyingType)
					return true;
			}

			return false;
		}
    private bool CalculatePropertyValues(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonContainerContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonProperty property, out JsonContract memberContract, out object memberValue)
    {
      if (!property.Ignored && property.Readable && ShouldSerialize(writer, property, value) && IsSpecified(writer, property, value))
      {
        if (property.PropertyContract == null)
          property.PropertyContract = Serializer._contractResolver.ResolveContract(property.PropertyType);

        memberValue = property.ValueProvider.GetValue(value);
        memberContract = (property.PropertyContract.IsSealed) ? property.PropertyContract : GetContractSafe(memberValue);

        if (ShouldWriteProperty(memberValue, property))
        {
          if (ShouldWriteReference(memberValue, property, memberContract, contract, member))
          {
            property.WritePropertyName(writer);
            WriteReference(writer, memberValue);
            return false;
          }

          if (!CheckForCircularReference(writer, memberValue, property, memberContract, contract, member))
            return false;

          if (memberValue == null)
          {
            JsonObjectContract objectContract = contract as JsonObjectContract;
            Required resolvedRequired = property._required ?? ((objectContract != null) ? objectContract.ItemRequired : null) ?? Required.Default;
            if (resolvedRequired == Required.Always)
              throw JsonSerializationException.Create(null, writer.ContainerPath, "Cannot write a null value for property '{0}'. Property requires a value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, property.PropertyName), null);
          }

          return true;
        }
      }

      memberContract = null;
      memberValue = null;
      return false;
    }
		private void SerializeDictionary(JsonWriter writer, IWrappedDictionary values, JsonDictionaryContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract collectionValueContract)
		{
			contract.InvokeOnSerializing(values.UnderlyingDictionary, Serializer.Context);

			SerializeStack.Add(values.UnderlyingDictionary);
			writer.WriteStartObject();

			bool isReference = contract.IsReference ?? HasFlag(Serializer.PreserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects);
			if (isReference)
			{
				writer.WritePropertyName(JsonTypeReflector.IdPropertyName);
				writer.WriteValue(Serializer.ReferenceResolver.GetReference(this, values.UnderlyingDictionary));
			}
			if (ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling.Objects, contract, member, collectionValueContract))
			{
				WriteTypeProperty(writer, values.UnderlyingDictionary.GetType());
			}

			JsonContract childValuesContract = Serializer.ContractResolver.ResolveContract(contract.DictionaryValueType ?? typeof(object));

			int initialDepth = writer.Top;

			// Mono Unity 3.0 fix
			IDictionary d = values;
			foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in d)
			{
				string propertyName = GetPropertyName(entry);

				propertyName = (contract.PropertyNameResolver != null)
								 ? contract.PropertyNameResolver(propertyName)
								 : propertyName;
				try
				{
					object value = entry.Value;
					JsonContract valueContract = GetContractSafe(value);

					if (ShouldWriteReference(value, null, valueContract))
					{
						writer.WritePropertyName(propertyName);
						WriteReference(writer, value);
					}
					else
					{
						if (!CheckForCircularReference(value, null, contract))
							continue;

						writer.WritePropertyName(propertyName);

						SerializeValue(writer, value, valueContract, null, childValuesContract);
					}
				}
				catch (Exception ex)
				{
					if (IsErrorHandled(values.UnderlyingDictionary, contract, propertyName, ex))
						HandleError(writer, initialDepth);
					else
						throw;
				}
			}	

			writer.WriteEndObject();
			SerializeStack.RemoveAt(SerializeStack.Count - 1);

			contract.InvokeOnSerialized(values.UnderlyingDictionary, Serializer.Context);
		}
    private void SerializeConvertable(JsonWriter writer, JsonConverter converter, object value, JsonContract contract, JsonContainerContract collectionContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
    {
      if (ShouldWriteReference(value, null, contract, collectionContract, containerProperty))
      {
        WriteReference(writer, value);
      }
      else
      {
        if (!CheckForCircularReference(writer, value, null, contract, collectionContract, containerProperty))
          return;

        _serializeStack.Add(value);

        if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Info)
          TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Info, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(null, writer.Path, "Started serializing {0} with converter {1}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, value.GetType(), converter.GetType())), null);

        converter.WriteJson(writer, value, GetInternalSerializer());

        if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Info)
          TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Info, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(null, writer.Path, "Finished serializing {0} with converter {1}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, value.GetType(), converter.GetType())), null);

        _serializeStack.RemoveAt(_serializeStack.Count - 1);
      }
    }
		private void SerializePrimitive(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonPrimitiveContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract collectionValueContract)
		{
			if (contract.UnderlyingType == typeof(byte[]))
			{
				bool includeTypeDetails = ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling.Objects, contract, member, collectionValueContract);
				if (includeTypeDetails)
				{
					writer.WriteStartObject();
					WriteTypeProperty(writer, contract.CreatedType);
					writer.WritePropertyName(JsonTypeReflector.ValuePropertyName);
					writer.WriteValue(value);
					writer.WriteEndObject();
					return;
				}
			}

			writer.WriteValue(value);
		}
    private bool ShouldWriteType(TypeNameHandling typeNameHandlingFlag, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
    {
      TypeNameHandling resolvedTypeNameHandling =
        ((member != null) ? member.TypeNameHandling : null)
        ?? ((containerProperty != null) ? containerProperty.ItemTypeNameHandling : null)
        ?? ((containerContract != null) ? containerContract.ItemTypeNameHandling : null)
        ?? Serializer._typeNameHandling;

      if (HasFlag(resolvedTypeNameHandling, typeNameHandlingFlag))
        return true;

      // instance type and the property's type's contract default type are different (no need to put the type in JSON because the type will be created by default)
      if (HasFlag(resolvedTypeNameHandling, TypeNameHandling.Auto))
      {
        if (member != null)
        {
          if (contract.UnderlyingType != member.PropertyContract.CreatedType)
            return true;
        }
        else if (containerContract != null)
        {
          if (containerContract.ItemContract == null || contract.UnderlyingType != containerContract.ItemContract.CreatedType)
            return true;
        }
        else if (_rootContract != null && _serializeStack.Count == 1)
        {
          if (contract.UnderlyingType != _rootContract.CreatedType)
            return true;
        }
      }

      return false;
    }
    private void SerializeValue(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonContract valueContract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
    {
      if (value == null)
      {
        writer.WriteNull();
        return;
      }

      JsonConverter converter;
      if ((((converter = (member != null) ? member.Converter : null) != null)
           || ((converter = (containerProperty != null) ? containerProperty.ItemConverter : null) != null)
           || ((converter = (containerContract != null) ? containerContract.ItemConverter : null) != null)
           || ((converter = valueContract.Converter) != null)
           || ((converter = Serializer.GetMatchingConverter(valueContract.UnderlyingType)) != null)
           || ((converter = valueContract.InternalConverter) != null))
          && converter.CanWrite)
      {
        SerializeConvertable(writer, converter, value, valueContract, containerContract, containerProperty);
        return;
      }

      switch (valueContract.ContractType)
      {
        case JsonContractType.Object:
          SerializeObject(writer, value, (JsonObjectContract)valueContract, member, containerContract, containerProperty);
          break;
        case JsonContractType.Array:
          JsonArrayContract arrayContract = (JsonArrayContract) valueContract;
          if (!arrayContract.IsMultidimensionalArray)
            SerializeList(writer, (IEnumerable)value, arrayContract, member, containerContract, containerProperty);
          else
            SerializeMultidimensionalArray(writer, (Array)value, arrayContract, member, containerContract, containerProperty);
          break;
        case JsonContractType.Primitive:
          SerializePrimitive(writer, value, (JsonPrimitiveContract)valueContract, member, containerContract, containerProperty);
          break;
        case JsonContractType.String:
          SerializeString(writer, value, (JsonStringContract)valueContract);
          break;
        case JsonContractType.Dictionary:
          JsonDictionaryContract dictionaryContract = (JsonDictionaryContract) valueContract;
          SerializeDictionary(writer, (value is IDictionary) ? (IDictionary) value : dictionaryContract.CreateWrapper(value), dictionaryContract, member, containerContract, containerProperty);
          break;
        case JsonContractType.Dynamic:
          SerializeDynamic(writer, (IDynamicMetaObjectProvider)value, (JsonDynamicContract)valueContract, member, containerContract, containerProperty);
          break;
        case JsonContractType.Linq:
          ((JToken) value).WriteTo(writer, Serializer.Converters.ToArray());
          break;
      }
    }
		private JToken CreateJToken(JsonReader reader, JsonContract contract)
		{
			ValidationUtils.ArgumentNotNull(reader, "reader");

			if (contract != null && contract.UnderlyingType == typeof(JRaw))
			{
				return JRaw.Create(reader);
			}
			else
			{
				JToken token;
				using (JTokenWriter writer = new JTokenWriter())
				{
					writer.WriteToken(reader);
					token = writer.Token;
				}

				return token;
			}
		}
    private bool? ResolveIsReference(JsonContract contract, JsonProperty property, JsonContainerContract collectionContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
    {
      bool? isReference = null;

      // value could be coming from a dictionary or array and not have a property
      if (property != null)
        isReference = property.IsReference;

      if (isReference == null && containerProperty != null)
        isReference = containerProperty.ItemIsReference;

      if (isReference == null && collectionContract != null)
        isReference = collectionContract.ItemIsReference;

      if (isReference == null)
        isReference = contract.IsReference;

      return isReference;
    }
		private object CreateValueInternal(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, object existingValue)
		{
			if (contract is JsonLinqContract)
				return CreateJToken(reader, contract);

			do
			{
				switch (reader.TokenType)
				{
					// populate a typed object or generic dictionary/array
					// depending upon whether an objectType was supplied
					case JsonToken.StartObject:
						return CreateObject(reader, objectType, contract, member, existingValue);
					case JsonToken.StartArray:
						return CreateList(reader, objectType, contract, member, existingValue, null);
					case JsonToken.Integer:
					case JsonToken.Float:
					case JsonToken.Boolean:
					case JsonToken.Date:
					case JsonToken.Bytes:
						return EnsureType(reader.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType);
					case JsonToken.String:
						// convert empty string to null automatically for nullable types
						if (string.IsNullOrEmpty((string)reader.Value) &&
						  objectType != null &&
						  ReflectionUtils.IsNullableType(objectType))
							return null;

						// string that needs to be returned as a byte array should be base 64 decoded
						if (objectType == typeof(byte[]))
							return Convert.FromBase64String((string)reader.Value);

						return EnsureType(reader.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType);
					case JsonToken.StartConstructor:
					case JsonToken.EndConstructor:
						string constructorName = reader.Value.ToString();

						return constructorName;
					case JsonToken.Null:
					case JsonToken.Undefined:
						if (objectType == typeof(DBNull))
							return DBNull.Value;

						return EnsureType(reader.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType);
					case JsonToken.Raw:
						return new JRaw((string)reader.Value);
					case JsonToken.Comment:
						// ignore
						break;
					default:
						throw new JsonSerializationException("Unexpected token while deserializing object: " + reader.TokenType);
				}
			} while (reader.Read());

			throw new JsonSerializationException("Unexpected end when deserializing object.");
		}
    private bool ShouldWriteReference(object value, JsonProperty property, JsonContract valueContract, JsonContainerContract collectionContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
    {
      if (value == null)
        return false;
      if (valueContract.ContractType == JsonContractType.Primitive || valueContract.ContractType == JsonContractType.String)
        return false;

      bool? isReference = ResolveIsReference(valueContract, property, collectionContract, containerProperty);

      if (isReference == null)
      {
        if (valueContract.ContractType == JsonContractType.Array)
          isReference = HasFlag(Serializer._preserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Arrays);
        else
          isReference = HasFlag(Serializer._preserveReferencesHandling, PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects);
      }

      if (!isReference.Value)
        return false;

      return Serializer.GetReferenceResolver().IsReferenced(this, value);
    }
		private object CreateObject(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, object existingValue)
		{
			CheckedRead(reader);

			string id = null;

			if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName)
			{
				bool specialProperty;

				do
				{
					string propertyName = reader.Value.ToString();

					if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
					{
						CheckedRead(reader);
						if (reader.TokenType != JsonToken.String && reader.TokenType != JsonToken.Null)
							throw new JsonSerializationException("JSON reference {0} property must have a string or null value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName));

						string reference = (reader.Value != null) ? reader.Value.ToString() : null;

						CheckedRead(reader);

						if (reference != null)
						{
							if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName)
								throw new JsonSerializationException("Additional content found in JSON reference object. A JSON reference object should only have a {0} property.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName));

							return Serializer.ReferenceResolver.ResolveReference(this, reference);
						}
						else
						{
							specialProperty = true;
						}
					}
					else if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.TypePropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
					{
						CheckedRead(reader);
						string qualifiedTypeName = reader.Value.ToString();

						CheckedRead(reader);

						if ((((member != null) ? member.TypeNameHandling : null) ?? Serializer.TypeNameHandling) != TypeNameHandling.None)
						{
							string typeName;
							string assemblyName;
							ReflectionUtils.SplitFullyQualifiedTypeName(qualifiedTypeName, out typeName, out assemblyName);

							Type specifiedType;
							try
							{
								specifiedType = Serializer.Binder.BindToType(assemblyName, typeName);
							}
							catch (Exception ex)
							{
								throw new JsonSerializationException("Error resolving type specified in JSON '{0}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, qualifiedTypeName), ex);
							}

							if (specifiedType == null)
								throw new JsonSerializationException("Type specified in JSON '{0}' was not resolved.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, qualifiedTypeName));

							if (objectType != null && !objectType.IsAssignableFrom(specifiedType))
								throw new JsonSerializationException("Type specified in JSON '{0}' is not compatible with '{1}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, specifiedType.AssemblyQualifiedName, objectType.AssemblyQualifiedName));

							objectType = specifiedType;
							contract = GetContractSafe(specifiedType);
						}
						specialProperty = true;
					}
					else if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.IdPropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
					{
						CheckedRead(reader);

						id = (reader.Value != null) ? reader.Value.ToString() : null;

						CheckedRead(reader);
						specialProperty = true;
					}
					else if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.ArrayValuesPropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
					{
						CheckedRead(reader);
						object list = CreateList(reader, objectType, contract, member, existingValue, id);
						CheckedRead(reader);
						return list;
					}
					else
					{
						specialProperty = false;
					}
				} while (specialProperty
						 && reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName);
			}

			if (!HasDefinedType(objectType))
				return CreateJObject(reader);

			if (contract == null)
				throw new JsonSerializationException("Could not resolve type '{0}' to a JsonContract.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType));

			JsonDictionaryContract dictionaryContract = contract as JsonDictionaryContract;
			if (dictionaryContract != null)
			{
				if (existingValue == null)
					return CreateAndPopulateDictionary(reader, dictionaryContract, id);

				return PopulateDictionary(dictionaryContract.CreateWrapper(existingValue), reader, dictionaryContract, id);
			}

			JsonObjectContract objectContract = contract as JsonObjectContract;
			if (objectContract != null)
			{
				if (existingValue == null)
					return CreateAndPopulateObject(reader, objectContract, id);

				return PopulateObject(existingValue, reader, objectContract, id);
			}

			JsonPrimitiveContract primitiveContract = contract as JsonPrimitiveContract;
			if (primitiveContract != null)
			{
				// if the content is inside $value then read past it
				if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName && string.Equals(reader.Value.ToString(), JsonTypeReflector.ValuePropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
				{
					CheckedRead(reader);
					object value = CreateValueInternal(reader, objectType, primitiveContract, member, existingValue);

					CheckedRead(reader);
					return value;
				}
			}
#if !((UNITY_WINRT && !UNITY_EDITOR) || (UNITY_WP8 || UNITY_WP_8_1))
			JsonISerializableContract serializableContract = contract as JsonISerializableContract;
			if (serializableContract != null)
			{
				return CreateISerializable(reader, serializableContract, id);
			}
#endif

			throw new JsonSerializationException("Cannot deserialize JSON object into type '{0}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType));
		}
    private bool CheckForCircularReference(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonProperty property, JsonContract contract, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
    {
      if (value == null || contract.ContractType == JsonContractType.Primitive || contract.ContractType == JsonContractType.String)
        return true;

      ReferenceLoopHandling? referenceLoopHandling = null;

      if (property != null)
        referenceLoopHandling = property.ReferenceLoopHandling;

      if (referenceLoopHandling == null && containerProperty != null)
        referenceLoopHandling = containerProperty.ItemReferenceLoopHandling;

      if (referenceLoopHandling == null && containerContract != null)
        referenceLoopHandling = containerContract.ItemReferenceLoopHandling;

      if (_serializeStack.IndexOf(value) != -1)
      {
        string message = "Self referencing loop detected";
        if (property != null)
          message += " for property '{0}'".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, property.PropertyName);
        message += " with type '{0}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, value.GetType());

        var selfRef = (value is Vector2 || value is Vector3 || value is Vector4 || value is Color || value is Color32) 
			? ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore 
			: referenceLoopHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._referenceLoopHandling);

        switch (selfRef)
        {
          case ReferenceLoopHandling.Error:
            throw JsonSerializationException.Create(null, writer.ContainerPath, message, null);
          case ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore:
            if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Verbose)
              TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Verbose, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(null, writer.Path, message + ". Skipping serializing self referenced value."), null);

            return false;
          case ReferenceLoopHandling.Serialize:
            if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Verbose)
              TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Verbose, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(null, writer.Path, message + ". Serializing self referenced value."), null);

            return true;
        }
      }

      return true;
    }
		private object CreateList(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, object existingValue, string reference)
		{
			object value;
			if (HasDefinedType(objectType))
			{
				JsonArrayContract arrayContract = EnsureArrayContract(objectType, contract);

				if (existingValue == null || objectType == typeof(BitArray))
					value = CreateAndPopulateList(reader, reference, arrayContract);
				else
					value = PopulateList(arrayContract.CreateWrapper(existingValue), reader, reference, arrayContract);
			}
			else
			{
				value = CreateJToken(reader, contract);
			}
			return value;
		}
		private void SerializeValue(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonContract valueContract, JsonProperty member, JsonContract collectionValueContract)
		{
			JsonConverter converter = (member != null) ? member.Converter : null;

			if (value == null)
			{
				writer.WriteNull();
				return;
			}

			if ((converter != null
				|| ((converter = valueContract.Converter) != null)
				|| ((converter = Serializer.GetMatchingConverter(valueContract.UnderlyingType)) != null)
				|| ((converter = valueContract.InternalConverter) != null))
			  && converter.CanWrite)
			{
				SerializeConvertable(writer, converter, value, valueContract);
			}
			else if (valueContract is JsonPrimitiveContract)
			{
				SerializePrimitive(writer, value, (JsonPrimitiveContract)valueContract, member, collectionValueContract);
			}
			else if (valueContract is JsonStringContract)
			{
				SerializeString(writer, value, (JsonStringContract)valueContract);
			}
			else if (valueContract is JsonObjectContract)
			{
				SerializeObject(writer, value, (JsonObjectContract)valueContract, member, collectionValueContract);
			}
			else if (valueContract is JsonDictionaryContract)
			{
				JsonDictionaryContract dictionaryContract = (JsonDictionaryContract)valueContract;
				SerializeDictionary(writer, dictionaryContract.CreateWrapper(value), dictionaryContract, member, collectionValueContract);
			}
			else if (valueContract is JsonArrayContract)
			{
				JsonArrayContract arrayContract = (JsonArrayContract)valueContract;
				if (!arrayContract.IsMultidimensionalArray)
					SerializeList(writer, arrayContract.CreateWrapper(value), arrayContract, member, collectionValueContract);
				else
					SerializeMultidimensionalArray(writer, (Array)value, arrayContract, member, collectionValueContract);
			}
			else if (valueContract is JsonLinqContract)
			{
				((JToken)value).WriteTo(writer, (Serializer.Converters != null) ? Serializer.Converters.ToArray() : null);
			}
#if !((UNITY_WINRT && !UNITY_EDITOR) || (UNITY_WP8 || UNITY_WP_8_1))
			else if (valueContract is JsonISerializableContract)
			{
				SerializeISerializable(writer, (ISerializable)value, (JsonISerializableContract)valueContract);
			}
#endif
		}