private long Refund(long gasLimit, long unspentGas, TransactionSubstate substate, Address sender, UInt256 gasPrice, IReleaseSpec spec)
{
long spentGas = gasLimit;
if (!substate.IsError)
{
spentGas -= unspentGas;
long refund = substate.ShouldRevert ? 0 : Math.Min(spentGas / 2L, substate.Refund + substate.DestroyList.Count * RefundOf.Destroy);
if (_logger.IsTrace) _logger.Trace("Refunding unused gas of " + unspentGas + " and refund of " + refund);
_stateProvider.AddToBalance(sender, (ulong) (unspentGas + refund) * gasPrice, spec);
spentGas -= refund;
}
return spentGas;
}
private long Refund(long gasLimit, long unspentGas, TransactionSubstate substate, Address sender, BigInteger gasPrice, IReleaseSpec spec)
{
long spentGas = gasLimit - unspentGas;
long refund = Math.Min(spentGas / 2L, substate.Refund + substate.DestroyList.Count * RefundOf.Destroy);
if (substate.ShouldRevert) // TODO: not tested anywhere
{
refund = 0;
}
if (_logger.IsDebugEnabled)
{
_logger.Debug("REFUNDING UNUSED GAS OF " + unspentGas + " AND REFUND OF " + refund);
}
_stateProvider.UpdateBalance(sender, (unspentGas + refund) * gasPrice, spec);
spentGas -= refund;
return(spentGas);
}
private long Refund(long gasLimit, long unspentGas, TransactionSubstate substate, Address sender, UInt256 gasPrice, IReleaseSpec spec)
{
long spentGas = gasLimit;
if (!substate.IsError)
{
spentGas -= unspentGas;
long refund = substate.ShouldRevert ? 0 : RefundHelper.CalculateClaimableRefund(spentGas, substate.Refund + substate.DestroyList.Count * RefundOf.Destroy(spec.IsEip3529Enabled), spec);
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace("Refunding unused gas of " + unspentGas + " and refund of " + refund);
}
_stateProvider.AddToBalance(sender, (ulong)(unspentGas + refund) * gasPrice, spec);
spentGas -= refund;
}
return(spentGas);
}
private void Execute(Transaction transaction, BlockHeader block, ITxTracer txTracer, bool isCall)
{
bool notSystemTransaction = !transaction.IsSystem();
bool wasSenderAccountCreatedInsideACall = false;
IReleaseSpec spec = _specProvider.GetSpec(block.Number);
if (!notSystemTransaction)
{
spec = new SystemTransactionReleaseSpec(spec);
}
Address recipient = transaction.To;
UInt256 value = transaction.Value;
UInt256 gasPrice = transaction.GasPrice;
long gasLimit = transaction.GasLimit;
byte[] machineCode = transaction.Init;
byte[] data = transaction.Data ?? Array.Empty <byte>();
Address sender = transaction.SenderAddress;
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Executing tx {transaction.Hash}");
}
if (sender == null)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, "SENDER_NOT_SPECIFIED");
QuickFail(transaction, block, txTracer, "sender not specified");
return;
}
long intrinsicGas = _intrinsicGasCalculator.Calculate(transaction, spec);
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Intrinsic gas calculated for {transaction.Hash}: " + intrinsicGas);
}
if (notSystemTransaction)
{
if (gasLimit < intrinsicGas)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"GAS_LIMIT_BELOW_INTRINSIC_GAS {gasLimit} < {intrinsicGas}");
QuickFail(transaction, block, txTracer, "gas limit below intrinsic gas");
return;
}
if (!isCall && gasLimit > block.GasLimit - block.GasUsed)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction,
$"BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_EXCEEDED {gasLimit} > {block.GasLimit} - {block.GasUsed}");
QuickFail(transaction, block, txTracer, "block gas limit exceeded");
return;
}
}
if (!_stateProvider.AccountExists(sender))
{
// hacky fix for the potential recovery issue
if (transaction.Signature != null)
{
transaction.SenderAddress = _ecdsa.RecoverAddress(transaction, !spec.ValidateChainId);
}
if (sender != transaction.SenderAddress)
{
if (_logger.IsWarn)
{
_logger.Warn($"TX recovery issue fixed - tx was coming with sender {sender} and the now it recovers to {transaction.SenderAddress}");
}
sender = transaction.SenderAddress;
}
else
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"SENDER_ACCOUNT_DOES_NOT_EXIST {sender}");
if (isCall || gasPrice == UInt256.Zero)
{
wasSenderAccountCreatedInsideACall = isCall;
_stateProvider.CreateAccount(sender, UInt256.Zero);
}
}
}
if (notSystemTransaction)
{
UInt256 senderBalance = _stateProvider.GetBalance(sender);
if (!isCall && (ulong)intrinsicGas * gasPrice + value > senderBalance)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"INSUFFICIENT_SENDER_BALANCE: ({sender})_BALANCE = {senderBalance}");
QuickFail(transaction, block, txTracer, "insufficient sender balance");
return;
}
if (transaction.Nonce != _stateProvider.GetNonce(sender))
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"WRONG_TRANSACTION_NONCE: {transaction.Nonce} (expected {_stateProvider.GetNonce(sender)})");
QuickFail(transaction, block, txTracer, "wrong transaction nonce");
return;
}
_stateProvider.IncrementNonce(sender);
}
UInt256 senderReservedGasPayment = isCall ? UInt256.Zero : (ulong)gasLimit * gasPrice;
_stateProvider.SubtractFromBalance(sender, senderReservedGasPayment, spec);
_stateProvider.Commit(spec, txTracer.IsTracingState ? txTracer : null);
long unspentGas = gasLimit - intrinsicGas;
long spentGas = gasLimit;
int stateSnapshot = _stateProvider.TakeSnapshot();
int storageSnapshot = _storageProvider.TakeSnapshot();
_stateProvider.SubtractFromBalance(sender, value, spec);
byte statusCode = StatusCode.Failure;
TransactionSubstate substate = null;
try
{
if (transaction.IsContractCreation)
{
recipient = transaction.IsSystem()
? transaction.SenderAddress
: ContractAddress.From(sender, _stateProvider.GetNonce(sender) - 1);
if (_stateProvider.AccountExists(recipient))
{
if (_virtualMachine.GetCachedCodeInfo(recipient, spec).MachineCode.Length != 0 || _stateProvider.GetNonce(recipient) != 0)
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Contract collision at {recipient}"); // the account already owns the contract with the code
}
throw new TransactionCollisionException();
}
_stateProvider.UpdateStorageRoot(recipient, Keccak.EmptyTreeHash);
}
}
ExecutionEnvironment env = new ExecutionEnvironment();
env.Value = value;
env.TransferValue = value;
env.Sender = sender;
env.CodeSource = recipient;
env.ExecutingAccount = recipient;
env.CurrentBlock = block;
env.GasPrice = gasPrice;
env.InputData = data ?? Array.Empty <byte>();
env.CodeInfo = machineCode == null?_virtualMachine.GetCachedCodeInfo(recipient, spec) : new CodeInfo(machineCode);
env.Originator = sender;
ExecutionType executionType = transaction.IsContractCreation ? ExecutionType.Create : ExecutionType.Call;
using (EvmState state = new EvmState(unspentGas, env, executionType, true, false))
{
substate = _virtualMachine.Run(state, txTracer);
unspentGas = state.GasAvailable;
}
if (substate.ShouldRevert || substate.IsError)
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace("Restoring state from before transaction");
}
_stateProvider.Restore(stateSnapshot);
_storageProvider.Restore(storageSnapshot);
}
else
{
// tks: there is similar code fo contract creation from init and from CREATE
// this may lead to inconsistencies (however it is tested extensively in blockchain tests)
if (transaction.IsContractCreation)
{
long codeDepositGasCost = CodeDepositHandler.CalculateCost(substate.Output.Length, spec);
if (unspentGas < codeDepositGasCost && spec.IsEip2Enabled)
{
throw new OutOfGasException();
}
if (unspentGas >= codeDepositGasCost)
{
Keccak codeHash = _stateProvider.UpdateCode(substate.Output);
_stateProvider.UpdateCodeHash(recipient, codeHash, spec);
unspentGas -= codeDepositGasCost;
}
}
foreach (Address toBeDestroyed in substate.DestroyList)
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Destroying account {toBeDestroyed}");
}
_storageProvider.ClearStorage(toBeDestroyed);
_stateProvider.DeleteAccount(toBeDestroyed);
if (txTracer.IsTracingRefunds)
{
txTracer.ReportRefund(RefundOf.Destroy);
}
}
statusCode = StatusCode.Success;
}
spentGas = Refund(gasLimit, unspentGas, substate, sender, gasPrice, spec);
}
catch (Exception ex) when(ex is EvmException || ex is OverflowException) // TODO: OverflowException? still needed? hope not
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"EVM EXCEPTION: {ex.GetType().Name}");
}
_stateProvider.Restore(stateSnapshot);
_storageProvider.Restore(storageSnapshot);
}
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace("Gas spent: " + spentGas);
}
Address gasBeneficiary = block.GasBeneficiary;
if (statusCode == StatusCode.Failure || !(substate?.DestroyList.Contains(gasBeneficiary) ?? false))
{
if (notSystemTransaction)
{
if (!_stateProvider.AccountExists(gasBeneficiary))
{
_stateProvider.CreateAccount(gasBeneficiary, (ulong)spentGas * gasPrice);
}
else
{
_stateProvider.AddToBalance(gasBeneficiary, (ulong)spentGas * gasPrice, spec);
}
}
}
if (!isCall)
{
_storageProvider.Commit(txTracer.IsTracingState ? txTracer : null);
_stateProvider.Commit(spec, txTracer.IsTracingState ? txTracer : null);
}
else
{
_storageProvider.Reset();
_stateProvider.Reset();
if (wasSenderAccountCreatedInsideACall)
{
_stateProvider.DeleteAccount(sender);
}
else
{
_stateProvider.AddToBalance(sender, senderReservedGasPayment, spec);
if (notSystemTransaction)
{
_stateProvider.DecrementNonce(sender);
}
}
_stateProvider.Commit(spec);
}
if (!isCall && notSystemTransaction)
{
block.GasUsed += spentGas;
}
if (txTracer.IsTracingReceipt)
{
Keccak stateRoot = null;
bool eip658Enabled = _specProvider.GetSpec(block.Number).IsEip658Enabled;
if (!eip658Enabled)
{
_stateProvider.RecalculateStateRoot();
stateRoot = _stateProvider.StateRoot;
}
if (statusCode == StatusCode.Failure)
{
txTracer.MarkAsFailed(recipient, spentGas, (substate?.ShouldRevert ?? false) ? substate.Output : Array.Empty <byte>(), substate?.Error, stateRoot);
}
else
{
txTracer.MarkAsSuccess(recipient, spentGas, substate.Output, substate.Logs.Any() ? substate.Logs.ToArray() : Array.Empty <LogEntry>(), stateRoot);
}
}
}
public void Execute(Transaction transaction, BlockHeader block, ITxTracer txTracer, bool readOnly)
{
IReleaseSpec spec = _specProvider.GetSpec(block.Number);
Address recipient = transaction.To;
UInt256 value = transaction.Value;
UInt256 gasPrice = transaction.GasPrice;
long gasLimit = (long)transaction.GasLimit;
byte[] machineCode = transaction.Init;
byte[] data = transaction.Data ?? Bytes.Empty;
Address sender = transaction.SenderAddress;
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Executing tx {transaction.Hash}");
}
if (sender == null)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, "SENDER_NOT_SPECIFIED");
if (txTracer.IsTracingReceipt)
{
txTracer.MarkAsFailed(recipient, (long)transaction.GasLimit);
}
return;
}
long intrinsicGas = _intrinsicGasCalculator.Calculate(transaction, spec);
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Intrinsic gas calculated for {transaction.Hash}: " + intrinsicGas);
}
if (gasLimit < intrinsicGas)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"GAS_LIMIT_BELOW_INTRINSIC_GAS {gasLimit} < {intrinsicGas}");
if (txTracer.IsTracingReceipt)
{
txTracer.MarkAsFailed(recipient, (long)transaction.GasLimit);
}
return;
}
if (gasLimit > block.GasLimit - block.GasUsed)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_EXCEEDED {gasLimit} > {block.GasLimit} - {block.GasUsed}");
if (txTracer.IsTracingReceipt)
{
txTracer.MarkAsFailed(recipient, (long)transaction.GasLimit);
}
return;
}
if (!_stateProvider.AccountExists(sender))
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"SENDER_ACCOUNT_DOES_NOT_EXIST {sender}");
if (gasPrice == UInt256.Zero)
{
_stateProvider.CreateAccount(sender, UInt256.Zero);
}
}
UInt256 senderBalance = _stateProvider.GetBalance(sender);
if ((ulong)intrinsicGas * gasPrice + value > senderBalance)
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"INSUFFICIENT_SENDER_BALANCE: ({sender})_BALANCE = {senderBalance}");
if (txTracer.IsTracingReceipt)
{
txTracer.MarkAsFailed(recipient, (long)transaction.GasLimit);
}
return;
}
if (transaction.Nonce != _stateProvider.GetNonce(sender))
{
TraceLogInvalidTx(transaction, $"WRONG_TRANSACTION_NONCE: {transaction.Nonce} (expected {_stateProvider.GetNonce(sender)})");
if (txTracer.IsTracingReceipt)
{
txTracer.MarkAsFailed(recipient, (long)transaction.GasLimit);
}
return;
}
_stateProvider.IncrementNonce(sender);
_stateProvider.SubtractFromBalance(sender, (ulong)gasLimit * gasPrice, spec);
// TODO: I think we can skip this commit and decrease the tree operations this way
_stateProvider.Commit(_specProvider.GetSpec(block.Number), txTracer.IsTracingState ? txTracer : null);
long unspentGas = gasLimit - intrinsicGas;
long spentGas = gasLimit;
int stateSnapshot = _stateProvider.TakeSnapshot();
int storageSnapshot = _storageProvider.TakeSnapshot();
_stateProvider.SubtractFromBalance(sender, value, spec);
byte statusCode = StatusCode.Failure;
TransactionSubstate substate = null;
try
{
if (transaction.IsContractCreation)
{
recipient = Address.OfContract(sender, _stateProvider.GetNonce(sender) - 1);
if (_stateProvider.AccountExists(recipient))
{
if ((_virtualMachine.GetCachedCodeInfo(recipient)?.MachineCode?.Length ?? 0) != 0 || _stateProvider.GetNonce(recipient) != 0)
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Contract collision at {recipient}"); // the account already owns the contract with the code
}
throw new TransactionCollisionException();
}
_stateProvider.UpdateStorageRoot(recipient, Keccak.EmptyTreeHash);
}
}
bool isPrecompile = recipient.IsPrecompiled(spec);
ExecutionEnvironment env = new ExecutionEnvironment();
env.Value = value;
env.TransferValue = value;
env.Sender = sender;
env.ExecutingAccount = recipient;
env.CurrentBlock = block;
env.GasPrice = gasPrice;
env.InputData = data ?? new byte[0];
env.CodeInfo = isPrecompile ? new CodeInfo(recipient) : machineCode == null?_virtualMachine.GetCachedCodeInfo(recipient) : new CodeInfo(machineCode);
env.Originator = sender;
ExecutionType executionType = transaction.IsContractCreation ? ExecutionType.Create : ExecutionType.Call;
using (EvmState state = new EvmState(unspentGas, env, executionType, isPrecompile, true, false))
{
substate = _virtualMachine.Run(state, spec, txTracer);
unspentGas = state.GasAvailable;
}
if (substate.ShouldRevert || substate.IsError)
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace("Restoring state from before transaction");
}
_stateProvider.Restore(stateSnapshot);
_storageProvider.Restore(storageSnapshot);
}
else
{
// tks: there is similar code fo contract creation from init and from CREATE
// this may lead to inconsistencies (however it is tested extensively in blockchain tests)
if (transaction.IsContractCreation)
{
long codeDepositGasCost = substate.Output.Length * GasCostOf.CodeDeposit;
if (spec.IsEip170Enabled && substate.Output.Length > 0x6000)
{
codeDepositGasCost = long.MaxValue;
}
if (unspentGas < codeDepositGasCost && spec.IsEip2Enabled)
{
throw new OutOfGasException();
}
if (unspentGas >= codeDepositGasCost)
{
Keccak codeHash = _stateProvider.UpdateCode(substate.Output);
_stateProvider.UpdateCodeHash(recipient, codeHash, spec);
unspentGas -= codeDepositGasCost;
}
}
foreach (Address toBeDestroyed in substate.DestroyList)
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"Destroying account {toBeDestroyed}");
}
_stateProvider.DeleteAccount(toBeDestroyed);
}
statusCode = StatusCode.Success;
}
spentGas = Refund(gasLimit, unspentGas, substate, sender, gasPrice, spec);
}
catch (Exception ex) when(ex is EvmException || ex is OverflowException) // TODO: OverflowException? still needed? hope not
{
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace($"EVM EXCEPTION: {ex.GetType().Name}");
}
_stateProvider.Restore(stateSnapshot);
_storageProvider.Restore(storageSnapshot);
}
if (_logger.IsTrace)
{
_logger.Trace("Gas spent: " + spentGas);
}
Address gasBeneficiary = block.GasBeneficiary;
if (statusCode == StatusCode.Failure || !(substate?.DestroyList.Contains(gasBeneficiary) ?? false))
{
if (!_stateProvider.AccountExists(gasBeneficiary))
{
_stateProvider.CreateAccount(gasBeneficiary, (ulong)spentGas * gasPrice);
}
else
{
_stateProvider.AddToBalance(gasBeneficiary, (ulong)spentGas * gasPrice, spec);
}
}
if (!readOnly)
{
_storageProvider.Commit(txTracer.IsTracingState ? txTracer : null);
_stateProvider.Commit(spec, txTracer.IsTracingState ? txTracer : null);
}
else
{
_storageProvider.Reset();
_stateProvider.Reset();
}
if (!readOnly)
{
block.GasUsed += spentGas;
}
if (txTracer.IsTracingReceipt)
{
if (statusCode == StatusCode.Failure)
{
txTracer.MarkAsFailed(recipient, (long)transaction.GasLimit);
}
else
{
txTracer.MarkAsSuccess(recipient, spentGas, substate.Output, substate.Logs.Any() ? substate.Logs.ToArray() : LogEntry.EmptyLogs);
}
}
}