public static void MakeOld(Person1 person)
{
person.Age += 10;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
/*
* Type Conversions
*/
byte b = 1;
int i = b; // Implicit Type conversion
Console.WriteLine(i);
int a = 5;
byte c = (byte)a; // Explicit Type Conversion
Console.WriteLine(c);
int d = 500;
byte e = (byte)d;
Console.WriteLine(e); // Outputs 244 since it is the maximum value
var number = "1234";
int f = Convert.ToInt32(number);
Console.WriteLine(f);
string fasak = "debba";
fasak = "abba";
Console.WriteLine(fasak);
try
{
var g = "1234";
int h = Convert.ToByte(g);
Console.WriteLine(h);
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot convert");
};
var obj = new Person();
obj.firstName = "John";
obj.lastName = "doe";
obj.Introduce();
Calculator calculate = new Calculator();
Console.WriteLine(calculate.Add(5, 2));
// Non Primitive data types
var numbers = new int[3];
numbers[0] = 1;
Console.WriteLine(numbers[0]);
Console.WriteLine(numbers[1]); // No value is initialized Outputs 0 because it is the default value of integer datatype
Console.WriteLine(numbers[2]); // Outputs 0
var flags = new Boolean[3];
flags[0] = true;
Console.WriteLine(flags[0]);
Console.WriteLine(flags[1]); // When no values is initialized it will Output False since it is the default value
var names = new string[3] {
"Praveen", "kumar", "guda"
}; // We can also intiliase in this way
// Escape characters
/**
* \n New Line
* \t Tab
* \\ Backslash
* \' Single Quotation Mark
* \" Double Quotation Mark
*/
var firstName = "Praveen Kumar";
var lastName = "Guda";
string fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;
var alternateway = string.Format("My name is {0} {1}", firstName, lastName);
var names1 = new string[3] {
"john", "jack", "Mary"
};
var formatedNames = string.Join(",", names1);
Console.WriteLine(formatedNames);
var text = "Hi John\nLook into the following paths\nc:\\folder1\\folder2\\folder3";
Console.WriteLine(text);
// Verbatim string
var verbatimString = @"Hi John
Look into the following paths
c:\folder1\folder2\folder3";
Console.WriteLine(verbatimString);
// Using Shippingmethod enum
var method = ShippingMethod.Express;
Console.WriteLine((int)method); // Converting enum to an interger by casting
var methodId = 3;
Console.WriteLine((ShippingMethod)methodId); // Converting interger to an enum by casting
Console.WriteLine(method.ToString());
var methodName = "Express";
var shippingMethodval = (ShippingMethod)Enum.Parse(typeof(ShippingMethod), methodName); // Converting string to an enum by casting
// There are two main types in c#
// Structures Primitive types (int, char, float, bool ...), Custom structures ----> Value Types
// Classes Arrays, Strings, Custom classes -------> Reference Type
// Value types and Reference types
// value types are primitive datatypes ----> Stored in Stack
var j = 10;
var k = j;
k++;
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("j : {0}, k : {1}", j, k)); // Outputs j : 10, k : 11 because values are copied
// Reference types are non-primitive datatypes -----> Stored in Heap
var array1 = new int[3] {
1, 2, 3
};
var array2 = array1; // Memory reference is copied not actuall value
array2[0] = 55;
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("array1 : {0}, array2 : {1}", array1[0], array2[0]));
// The value of first element will be changed for both the arrays because they are non primitive types which are referenced.
var debbaNumber = 1;
Increment(debbaNumber);
Console.WriteLine(debbaNumber); // Outputs 1 because here since it is value type so a copy will be sent
var person = new Person1()
{
Age = 20
};
MakeOld(person);
Console.WriteLine(person.Age); // outputs 30 becuase it is reference type and value is accessed from the memory
// Enums
var season = Season.Autumn;
switch (season)
{
// One outcome for both the conditions
case Season.Autumn:
case Season.Summer:
Console.WriteLine("It is summer and autumn");
break;
case Season.Winter:
Console.WriteLine("It is winter");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("I dont know");
break;
}
// Iteration Systems- ------------------------------------------------------
// For, Foeach, While and Do-while
// Forloop, normal as we do
for (var temp = 0; temp <= 10; temp++)
{
if (temp % 2 == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine(temp);
}
}
// Foreach is only for inumerable like arrays, and strings
var randomName = "John Doe";
foreach (var character in randomName)
{
Console.WriteLine(character);
}
var randomNumbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
foreach (var num in randomNumbers)
{
Console.WriteLine(num);
}
// While loop use it when we dont know the number of iterations
// break causes any loop to terminate
// continue causes any loop to execute next iteration
while (true)
{
Console.WriteLine("Type your name:");
var input = Console.ReadLine();
if (!String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(input))
{
Console.WriteLine("My name is :" + input);
continue;
}
break;
}
// Random Numbers ---------------------------------------
var random = new Random();
const int passwordLength = 10;
var buffer = new char[passwordLength];
for (var dd = 0; dd < passwordLength; dd++)
{
buffer[i] = (char)('a' + random.Next(0, 26)); // didnt worked but need to see
}
Console.WriteLine(buffer);
var password = new string(buffer);
Console.Write(password);
// Arrays have fixed size---------------------------------
// Jagged Array ->
var jaggedArray = new int[3][];
jaggedArray[0] = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
jaggedArray[1] = new int[] { 1, 2 };
jaggedArray[2] = new int[] { 2, 5, 8 };
var numbersArray = new[] { 2, 5, 6, 4, 8 }; //Initializing array with object initialization syntax;
// Length - returns the length of the array
Console.WriteLine("Length: " + numbersArray.Length);
// IndexOf() - returns index of the element
var indexresult = Array.IndexOf(numbersArray, 5);
Console.WriteLine("index = " + indexresult);
// Clear() - clear the items from starting index and no of elements to be deleted
// Clearing the items in array of objects means making them null
// Clearing the items in array of booleans means making them false
Array.Clear(numbersArray, 0, 2);
Console.WriteLine("Elemtns in array after clearing");
foreach (var item in numbersArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
// Copy() - copies elements from one array to another
var anotherArray = new int[3];
Array.Copy(numbersArray, anotherArray, 3);
Console.WriteLine("Array after copying");
foreach (var copiedItem in anotherArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(copiedItem);
}
// Sort() - sort elements in the array
Array.Sort(numbersArray);
Console.WriteLine("Elements after sorting");
foreach (var sortedelements in numbersArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(sortedelements);
}
// Reverse()
Array.Reverse(numbersArray);
Console.WriteLine("Elements after Reverse");
foreach (var revElement in numbersArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(revElement);
}
// Lists dynamic size -----------------------------------
var numberList = new List <int>()
{
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5
}; // Initializing list with object initialization syntax
numberList.Add(7); // Add one element to the list just like push
numberList.AddRange(new int[3] {
8, 9, 10
}); // Add more than one element
foreach (var listItem in numberList)
{
Console.WriteLine(listItem);
}
Console.WriteLine("Index of 5 " + numberList.IndexOf(5));
Console.WriteLine("Last Index of 5 " + numberList.LastIndexOf(5));
Console.WriteLine("Count " + numberList.Count);
numberList.Remove(8);
Console.WriteLine("List after removing 8");
foreach (var listItem in numberList)
{
Console.WriteLine(listItem);
}
for (var adf = 0; adf < numberList.Count; adf++)
{
if (numberList[adf] == 1)
{
numberList.Remove(numbers[adf]);
}
}
numberList.Clear();
Console.WriteLine("List count after clearing = " + numberList.Count);
// Date -------------------------------------------
var dateTime = new DateTime(2015, 1, 25);
var currentDateTime = DateTime.Now;
var todaysDate = DateTime.Today;
Console.WriteLine("Hour: " + currentDateTime.Hour);
Console.WriteLine("Minute: " + currentDateTime.Minute);
// to change the datetime object
var tomorrow = currentDateTime.AddDays(1);
var yesterday = currentDateTime.AddDays(-1);
Console.WriteLine("Long Date string = " + currentDateTime.ToLongDateString());
Console.WriteLine("Short Date string = " + currentDateTime.ToShortDateString());
Console.WriteLine("Long Time string = " + currentDateTime.ToLongTimeString());
Console.WriteLine("Short Time string = " + currentDateTime.ToShortTimeString());
Console.WriteLine("Date and Time = " + currentDateTime.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Date and Time = " + currentDateTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
// Time --------------------------------------------
// Creating timespans
var timeSpan = new TimeSpan(1, 2, 3); //(Hour, Minutes, Seconds)
var timeSpan1 = new TimeSpan(1, 0, 0);
var timeSpan2 = TimeSpan.FromHours(1);
var start = DateTime.Now;
var end = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(2);
var duration = end - start;
Console.WriteLine("Duration : " + duration);
// Accessing properties
Console.WriteLine("Minutes = " + timeSpan.Minutes);
Console.WriteLine("total Minutes = " + timeSpan.TotalMinutes);
// Add
Console.WriteLine("Add time = " + timeSpan.Add(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(8)));
Console.WriteLine("Subtract time = " + timeSpan.Subtract(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(8)));
// ToString
Console.WriteLine("ToString = " + timeSpan.ToString());
// Parse
Console.WriteLine("Parse = " + TimeSpan.Parse("01:02:03"));
}