protected override void DoRender(DeviceContext context)
{
// Calculate elapsed seconds
var time = clock.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000.0f;
// Calculate skin matrices for each bone
ConstantBuffers.PerArmature skinMatrices = new ConstantBuffers.PerArmature();
if (mesh.Bones != null)
{
// Retrieve each bone's local transform
for (var i = 0; i < mesh.Bones.Count; i++)
{
skinMatrices.Bones[i] = mesh.Bones[i].BoneLocalTransform;
}
// Load bone transforms from animation frames
if (CurrentAnimation.HasValue)
{
// Keep track of the last key-frame used for each bone
Mesh.Keyframe?[] lastKeyForBones = new Mesh.Keyframe?[mesh.Bones.Count];
// Keep track of whether a bone has been interpolated
bool[] lerpedBones = new bool[mesh.Bones.Count];
for (var i = 0; i < CurrentAnimation.Value.Keyframes.Count; i++)
{
// Retrieve current key-frame
var frame = CurrentAnimation.Value.Keyframes[i];
// If the current frame is not in the future
if (frame.Time <= time)
{
// Keep track of last key-frame for bone
lastKeyForBones[frame.BoneIndex] = frame;
// Retrieve transform from current key-frame
skinMatrices.Bones[frame.BoneIndex] = frame.Transform;
}
// Frame is in the future, check if we should interpolate
else
{
// Only interpolate a bone's key-frames ONCE
if (!lerpedBones[frame.BoneIndex])
{
// Retrieve the previous key-frame if exists
Mesh.Keyframe prevFrame;
if (lastKeyForBones[frame.BoneIndex] != null)
{
prevFrame = lastKeyForBones[frame.BoneIndex].Value;
}
else
{
continue; // nothing to interpolate
}
// Make sure we only interpolate with
// one future frame for this bone
lerpedBones[frame.BoneIndex] = true;
// Calculate time difference between frames
var frameLength = frame.Time - prevFrame.Time;
var timeDiff = time - prevFrame.Time;
var amount = timeDiff / frameLength;
// Interpolation using Lerp on scale and translation, and Slerp on Rotation (Quaternion)
Vector3 t1, t2; // Translation
Quaternion q1, q2; // Rotation
float s1, s2; // Scale
// Decompose the previous key-frame's transform
prevFrame.Transform.DecomposeUniformScale(out s1, out q1, out t1);
// Decompose the current key-frame's transform
frame.Transform.DecomposeUniformScale(out s2, out q2, out t2);
// Perform interpolation and reconstitute matrix
skinMatrices.Bones[frame.BoneIndex] =
Matrix.Scaling(MathUtil.Lerp(s1, s2, amount)) *
Matrix.RotationQuaternion(Quaternion.Slerp(q1, q2, amount)) *
Matrix.Translation(Vector3.Lerp(t1, t2, amount));
}
}
}
}
// Apply parent bone transforms
// We assume here that the first bone has no parent
// and that each parent bone appears before children
for (var i = 1; i < mesh.Bones.Count; i++)
{
var bone = mesh.Bones[i];
if (bone.ParentIndex > -1)
{
var parentTransform = skinMatrices.Bones[bone.ParentIndex];
skinMatrices.Bones[i] = (skinMatrices.Bones[i] * parentTransform);
}
}
// Change the bone transform from rest pose space into bone space (using the inverse of the bind/rest pose)
for (var i = 0; i < mesh.Bones.Count; i++)
{
skinMatrices.Bones[i] = Matrix.Transpose(mesh.Bones[i].InvBindPose * skinMatrices.Bones[i]);
}
// Check need to loop animation
if (!PlayOnce && CurrentAnimation.HasValue && CurrentAnimation.Value.EndTime <= time)
{
this.Clock.Restart();
}
}
// Update the constant buffer with the skin matrices for each bone
context.UpdateSubresource(skinMatrices.Bones, PerArmatureBuffer);
// Draw sub-meshes grouped by material
for (var mIndx = 0; mIndx < mesh.Materials.Count; mIndx++)
{
// Retrieve sub meshes for this material
var subMeshesForMaterial =
(from sm in mesh.SubMeshes
where sm.MaterialIndex == mIndx
select sm).ToArray();
// If the material buffer is available and there are submeshes
// using the material update the PerMaterialBuffer
if (PerMaterialBuffer != null && subMeshesForMaterial.Length > 0)
{
// update the PerMaterialBuffer constant buffer
var material = new ConstantBuffers.PerMaterial()
{
Ambient = new Color4(mesh.Materials[mIndx].Ambient),
Diffuse = new Color4(mesh.Materials[mIndx].Diffuse),
Emissive = new Color4(mesh.Materials[mIndx].Emissive),
Specular = new Color4(mesh.Materials[mIndx].Specular),
SpecularPower = mesh.Materials[mIndx].SpecularPower,
UVTransform = mesh.Materials[mIndx].UVTransform,
};
// Bind textures to the pixel shader
int texIndxOffset = mIndx * Common.Mesh.MaxTextures;
material.HasTexture = (uint)(textureViews[texIndxOffset] != null ? 1 : 0); // 0=false
context.PixelShader.SetShaderResources(0, textureViews.GetRange(texIndxOffset, Common.Mesh.MaxTextures).ToArray());
// Set texture sampler state
context.PixelShader.SetSampler(0, samplerState);
// Update material buffer
context.UpdateSubresource(ref material, PerMaterialBuffer);
}
// For each sub-mesh
foreach (var subMesh in subMeshesForMaterial)
{
// Ensure the vertex buffer and index buffers are in range
if (subMesh.VertexBufferIndex < vertexBuffers.Count && subMesh.IndexBufferIndex < indexBuffers.Count)
{
// Retrieve and set the vertex and index buffers
var vertexBuffer = vertexBuffers[(int)subMesh.VertexBufferIndex];
context.InputAssembler.SetVertexBuffers(0, new VertexBufferBinding(vertexBuffer, Utilities.SizeOf <Vertex>(), 0));
context.InputAssembler.SetIndexBuffer(indexBuffers[(int)subMesh.IndexBufferIndex], Format.R16_UInt, 0);
// Set topology
context.InputAssembler.PrimitiveTopology = SharpDX.Direct3D.PrimitiveTopology.TriangleList;
}
// Draw the sub-mesh (includes Primitive count which we multiply by 3)
// The submesh also includes a start index into the vertex buffer
context.DrawIndexed((int)subMesh.PrimCount * 3, (int)subMesh.StartIndex, 0);
}
}
}
public override void Run()
{
#region Create renderers
// Note: the renderers take care of creating their own
// device resources and listen for DeviceManager.OnInitialize
// Create a axis-grid renderer
var axisGrid = ToDispose(new AxisGridRenderer());
axisGrid.Initialize(this);
// Determine if the hardware driver supports CommandLists
// If not, the Direct3D framework will emulate support.
bool createResourcesConcurrently;
bool nativeCommandListSupport;
DeviceManager.Direct3DDevice.CheckThreadingSupport(out createResourcesConcurrently, out nativeCommandListSupport);
// Create and initialize the mesh renderer
var loadedMesh = Common.Mesh.LoadFromFile("Character.cmo");
List <MeshRenderer> meshes = new List <MeshRenderer>();
int meshRows = 10;
int meshColumns = 10;
Action createMeshes = () =>
{
// Remove meshes
foreach (var mesh in meshes)
{
mesh.Dispose();
}
meshes.Clear();
// Add the same mesh multiple times, separate by the combined extent
var minExtent = (from mesh in loadedMesh
orderby new { mesh.Extent.Min.X, mesh.Extent.Min.Z }
select mesh.Extent).First();
var maxExtent = (from mesh in loadedMesh
orderby new { mesh.Extent.Max.X, mesh.Extent.Max.Z } descending
select mesh.Extent).First();
var extentDiff = (maxExtent.Max - minExtent.Min);
for (int x = -(meshColumns / 2); x < (meshColumns / 2); x++)
{
for (int z = -(meshRows / 2); z < (meshRows / 2); z++)
{
var meshGroup = (from mesh in loadedMesh
select ToDispose(new MeshRenderer(mesh))).ToList();
// Reposition based on width/depth of combined extent
foreach (var m in meshGroup)
{
m.World.TranslationVector = new Vector3(m.Mesh.Extent.Center.X + extentDiff.X * x, m.Mesh.Extent.Min.Y, m.Mesh.Extent.Center.Z + extentDiff.Z * z);
}
meshes.AddRange(meshGroup);
}
}
// Initialize each mesh
meshes.ForEach(m => m.Initialize(this));
};
createMeshes();
bool animationEnabled = false;
bool changeAnimation = false;
Action toggleAnimation = () =>
{
// Set the first animation as the current animation and start clock
meshes.ForEach(m =>
{
if (!animationEnabled && m.Mesh.Animations.Any())
{
m.CurrentAnimation = m.Mesh.Animations.First().Value;
m.Clock.Start();
}
else
{
m.CurrentAnimation = null;
}
});
animationEnabled = !animationEnabled;
};
var meshWorld = Matrix.Identity;
// Create and initialize a Direct2D FPS text renderer
var fps = ToDispose(new Common.FpsRenderer("Calibri", Color.CornflowerBlue, new Point(8, 8), 16));
fps.Initialize(this);
// Create and initialize a general purpose Direct2D text renderer
// This will display some instructions and the current view and rotation offsets
var textRenderer = ToDispose(new Common.TextRenderer("Calibri", Color.CornflowerBlue, new Point(8, 40), 12));
textRenderer.Initialize(this);
#endregion
// Initialize the world matrix
var worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity;
// Set the camera position
var cameraPosition = new Vector3(0, 1, 10);
var cameraTarget = Vector3.Zero; // Looking at the origin 0,0,0
var cameraUp = Vector3.UnitY; // Y+ is Up
// Prepare matrices
// Create the view matrix from our camera position, look target and up direction
var viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtRH(cameraPosition, cameraTarget, cameraUp);
viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0, -0.98f, 0);
// Create the projection matrix
/* FoV 60degrees = Pi/3 radians */
// Aspect ratio (based on window size), Near clip, Far clip
var projectionMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovRH((float)Math.PI / 3f, Width / (float)Height, 0.5f, 100f);
// Maintain the correct aspect ratio on resize
Window.Resize += (s, e) =>
{
projectionMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovRH((float)Math.PI / 3f, Width / (float)Height, 0.5f, 100f);
};
#region Rotation and window event handlers
// Create a rotation vector to keep track of the rotation
// around each of the axes
var rotation = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
// We will call this action to update text
// for the text renderer
Action updateText = () =>
{
textRenderer.Text =
String.Format(
"\nToggle animation: Backspace, Pause animation: P"
+ "\nThreads: {0} (+/-)"
+ " Add CPU load: {1} matrix multiplications (Shift +/-)"
+ "\nMeshes: {2} (Up/Down, Left/Right)",
threadCount,
additionalCPULoad,
meshRows * meshColumns);
};
Dictionary <Keys, bool> keyToggles = new Dictionary <Keys, bool>();
keyToggles[Keys.Z] = false;
keyToggles[Keys.F] = false;
// Support keyboard/mouse input to rotate or move camera view
var moveFactor = 0.02f; // how much to change on each keypress
var shiftKey = false;
var ctrlKey = false;
var background = Color.White;
Window.KeyDown += (s, e) =>
{
var context = DeviceManager.Direct3DContext;
shiftKey = e.Shift;
ctrlKey = e.Control;
switch (e.KeyCode)
{
// WASD -> pans view
case Keys.A:
viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(moveFactor * 2, 0f, 0f);
break;
case Keys.D:
viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(moveFactor * 2, 0f, 0f);
break;
case Keys.S:
if (shiftKey)
{
viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0f, moveFactor * 2, 0f);
}
else
{
viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, 0f, 1) * moveFactor * 2;
}
break;
case Keys.W:
if (shiftKey)
{
viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, moveFactor * 2, 0f);
}
else
{
viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0f, 0f, 1) * moveFactor * 2;
}
break;
// Up/Down and Left/Right - rotates around X / Y respectively
// (Mouse wheel rotates around Z)
case Keys.Down:
worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(moveFactor);
rotation += new Vector3(moveFactor, 0f, 0f);
break;
case Keys.Up:
worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(-moveFactor);
rotation -= new Vector3(moveFactor, 0f, 0f);
break;
case Keys.Left:
worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(moveFactor);
rotation += new Vector3(0f, moveFactor, 0f);
break;
case Keys.Right:
worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(-moveFactor);
rotation -= new Vector3(0f, moveFactor, 0f);
break;
case Keys.T:
fps.Show = !fps.Show;
textRenderer.Show = !textRenderer.Show;
break;
case Keys.B:
if (background == Color.White)
{
background = new Color(30, 30, 34);
}
else
{
background = Color.White;
}
break;
case Keys.G:
axisGrid.Show = !axisGrid.Show;
break;
case Keys.P:
// Pause or resume mesh animation
meshes.ForEach(m => {
if (m.Clock.IsRunning)
{
m.Clock.Stop();
}
else
{
m.Clock.Start();
}
});
break;
case Keys.X:
// To test for correct resource recreation
// Simulate device reset or lost.
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(SharpDX.Diagnostics.ObjectTracker.ReportActiveObjects());
DeviceManager.Initialize(DeviceManager.Dpi);
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(SharpDX.Diagnostics.ObjectTracker.ReportActiveObjects());
break;
case Keys.Z:
keyToggles[Keys.Z] = !keyToggles[Keys.Z];
if (keyToggles[Keys.Z])
{
context.PixelShader.Set(depthPixelShader);
}
else
{
context.PixelShader.Set(pixelShader);
}
break;
case Keys.F:
keyToggles[Keys.F] = !keyToggles[Keys.F];
RasterizerStateDescription rasterDesc;
if (context.Rasterizer.State != null)
{
rasterDesc = context.Rasterizer.State.Description;
}
else
{
rasterDesc = new RasterizerStateDescription()
{
CullMode = CullMode.Back,
FillMode = FillMode.Solid
}
};
if (keyToggles[Keys.F])
{
rasterDesc.FillMode = FillMode.Wireframe;
context.Rasterizer.State = ToDispose(new RasterizerState(context.Device, rasterDesc));
}
else
{
rasterDesc.FillMode = FillMode.Solid;
context.Rasterizer.State = ToDispose(new RasterizerState(context.Device, rasterDesc));
}
break;
case Keys.D1:
context.PixelShader.Set(pixelShader);
break;
case Keys.D2:
context.PixelShader.Set(lambertShader);
break;
case Keys.D3:
context.PixelShader.Set(phongShader);
break;
case Keys.D4:
context.PixelShader.Set(blinnPhongShader);
break;
}
updateText();
};
Window.KeyUp += (s, e) =>
{
// Clear the shift/ctrl keys so they aren't sticky
if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ShiftKey)
{
shiftKey = false;
}
if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ControlKey)
{
ctrlKey = false;
}
};
Window.MouseWheel += (s, e) =>
{
if (shiftKey)
{
// Zoom in/out
viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0f, 0f, (e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor * 2);
}
else
{
// rotate around Z-axis
viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationZ((e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor);
rotation += new Vector3(0f, 0f, (e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor);
}
updateText();
};
var lastX = 0;
var lastY = 0;
Window.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
lastX = e.X;
lastY = e.Y;
}
};
Window.MouseMove += (s, e) =>
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
var yRotate = lastX - e.X;
var xRotate = lastY - e.Y;
lastY = e.Y;
lastX = e.X;
// Mouse move changes
// Rotate view (i.e. camera)
//viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(xRotate * moveFactor);
//viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(yRotate * moveFactor);
// Rotate around origin
var backup = viewMatrix.TranslationVector;
viewMatrix.TranslationVector = Vector3.Zero;
viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(xRotate * moveFactor);
viewMatrix.TranslationVector = backup;
worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(yRotate * moveFactor);
updateText();
}
};
// Display instructions with initial values
updateText();
#endregion
var clock = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
clock.Start();
SetupContextList();
bool initializeMesh = false;
Window.KeyDown += (s, e) =>
{
switch (e.KeyCode)
{
case Keys.Back:
changeAnimation = true;
break;
case Keys.Up:
meshRows += 2;
initializeMesh = true;
break;
case Keys.Down:
meshRows = Math.Max(2, meshRows - 2);
initializeMesh = true;
break;
case Keys.Right:
meshColumns += 2;
initializeMesh = true;
break;
case Keys.Left:
meshColumns = Math.Max(2, meshColumns - 2);
initializeMesh = true;
break;
case Keys.Add:
if (shiftKey)
{
additionalCPULoad += 100;
}
else
{
threadCount++;
}
break;
case Keys.Subtract:
if (shiftKey)
{
additionalCPULoad = Math.Max(0, additionalCPULoad - 100);
}
else
{
threadCount = Math.Max(1, threadCount - 1);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
updateText();
};
// Action for rendering a mesh using the context
// from the specified index wtihin contextList
Action <int> renderMeshGroup = (int contextIndex) =>
{
// Retrieve appropriate context
var renderContext = contextList[contextIndex];
// Create viewProjection matrix
var viewProjection = Matrix.Multiply(viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
// Determine the meshes to render for this context
int batchSize = (int)Math.Floor((double)meshes.Count / contextList.Length);
int startIndex = batchSize * contextIndex;
int endIndex = Math.Min(startIndex + batchSize, meshes.Count - 1);
// If this is the last context include whatever remains to be
// rendered due to the rounding above.
if (contextIndex == contextList.Length - 1)
{
endIndex = meshes.Count - 1;
}
// Loop over the meshes for this context and render them
var perObject = new ConstantBuffers.PerObject();
for (var i = startIndex; i <= endIndex; i++)
{
// Simulate additional CPU load
for (var j = 0; j < additionalCPULoad; j++)
{
viewProjection = Matrix.Multiply(viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
}
var m = meshes[i];
// Update perObject constant buffer
perObject.World = m.World * worldMatrix;
perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
perObject.WorldViewProjection = perObject.World * viewProjection;
perObject.Transpose();
renderContext.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
// Provide the material and armature constant buffer to the mesh renderer
m.PerArmatureBuffer = perArmatureBuffer;
m.PerMaterialBuffer = perMaterialBuffer;
// Specify the context to render with
m.Render(renderContext);
}
};
#region Render loop
var lastThreadCount = threadCount;
// Create and run the render loop
RenderLoop.Run(Window, () =>
{
if (initializeMesh)
{
initializeMesh = false;
createMeshes();
}
if (changeAnimation)
{
toggleAnimation();
changeAnimation = false;
}
if (lastThreadCount != threadCount)
{
SetupContextList();
lastThreadCount = threadCount;
}
// Start of frame:
// Retrieve immediate context
var immediateContext = DeviceManager.Direct3DDevice.ImmediateContext;
// The context at index 0 is always executed first
var context = contextList[0];
// Clear depth stencil view
context.ClearDepthStencilView(DepthStencilView, DepthStencilClearFlags.Depth | DepthStencilClearFlags.Stencil, 1.0f, 0);
// Clear render target view
context.ClearRenderTargetView(RenderTargetView, background);
// Create viewProjection matrix
var viewProjection = Matrix.Multiply(viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
// Extract camera position from view
var camPosition = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix)).Column4;
cameraPosition = new Vector3(camPosition.X, camPosition.Y, camPosition.Z);
// If Keys.CtrlKey is down, auto rotate viewProjection based on time
var time = clock.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000.0f;
if (ctrlKey)
{
viewProjection = Matrix.RotationY(time * 1.8f) * Matrix.RotationX(time * 1f) * Matrix.RotationZ(time * 0.6f) * viewProjection;
}
var worldRotation = Matrix.RotationAxis(Vector3.UnitY, time);
var perFrame = new ConstantBuffers.PerFrame();
perFrame.Light.Color = new Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f);
var lightDir = Vector3.Transform(new Vector3(1f, -1f, -1f), worldMatrix);
perFrame.Light.Direction = new Vector3(lightDir.X, lightDir.Y, lightDir.Z);// new Vector3(Vector3.Transform(new Vector3(1f, -1f, 1f), worldMatrix * worldRotation).ToArray().Take(3).ToArray());
perFrame.CameraPosition = cameraPosition;
context.UpdateSubresource(ref perFrame, perFrameBuffer);
// Render each object
var perMaterial = new ConstantBuffers.PerMaterial();
perMaterial.Ambient = new Color4(0.2f);
perMaterial.Diffuse = Color.White;
perMaterial.Emissive = new Color4(0);
perMaterial.Specular = Color.White;
perMaterial.SpecularPower = 20f;
perMaterial.HasTexture = 0;
perMaterial.UVTransform = Matrix.Identity;
context.UpdateSubresource(ref perMaterial, perMaterialBuffer);
var perObject = new ConstantBuffers.PerObject();
// AXIS GRID
using (var prevPixelShader = context.PixelShader.Get())
{
perMaterial.HasTexture = 0;
perMaterial.UVTransform = Matrix.Identity;
context.UpdateSubresource(ref perMaterial, perMaterialBuffer);
context.PixelShader.Set(pixelShader);
perObject.World = worldMatrix;
perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
perObject.WorldViewProjection = perObject.World * viewProjection;
perObject.Transpose();
context.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
axisGrid.RenderContext = context;
axisGrid.Render();
context.PixelShader.Set(prevPixelShader);
}
Task[] renderTasks = new Task[contextList.Length];
CommandList[] commands = new CommandList[contextList.Length];
for (var i = 0; i < contextList.Length; i++)
{
//
var contextIndex = i;
renderTasks[i] = Task.Run(() =>
{
// Render logic
renderMeshGroup(contextIndex);
// Create the command list
if (contextList[contextIndex].TypeInfo == DeviceContextType.Deferred)
{
commands[contextIndex] = contextList[contextIndex].FinishCommandList(true);
}
});
}
// Wait for all the tasks to complete
Task.WaitAll(renderTasks);
// Replay the command lists on the immediate context
for (var i = 0; i < contextList.Length; i++)
{
if (contextList[i].TypeInfo == DeviceContextType.Deferred && commands[i] != null)
{
immediateContext.ExecuteCommandList(commands[i], false);
commands[i].Dispose();
commands[i] = null;
}
}
// Render FPS
fps.Render();
// Render instructions + position changes
textRenderer.Render();
// Present the frame
Present();
});
#endregion
}
