public override void Run()
        {
            #region Create renderers

            // Note: the renderers take care of creating their own
            // device resources and listen for DeviceManager.OnInitialize

            // Create and initialize the quad renderer
            var quad = ToDispose(new QuadRenderer(Color.LightGray));
            quad.Initialize(this);
            // Scale and translate the quad
            quad.World = Matrix.Scaling(5f);
            quad.World.TranslationVector = new Vector3(0, -0.5f, 0);

            // Create and initialize the cube renderer
            var cube = ToDispose(new CubeRenderer());
            cube.Initialize(this);
            // Move the cube along the X axis by -1
            cube.World = Matrix.Translation(-1, 0, 0);

            // Create and initialize the sphere renderer
            var sphere = ToDispose(new SphereRenderer());
            sphere.Initialize(this);
            // Move the sphere along the Z axis by 1.1
            sphere.World = Matrix.Translation(0, 0, 1.1f);
            //sphereWorld.ScaleVector = new Vector3(1, 0.5f, 1);

            // Create and initialize a Direct2D FPS text renderer
            var fps = ToDispose(new Common.FpsRenderer("Calibri", Color.CornflowerBlue, new Point(8, 8), 16));
            fps.Initialize(this);

            // Create and initialize a general purpose Direct2D text renderer
            // This will display some instructions and the current view and rotation offsets
            var textRenderer = ToDispose(new Common.TextRenderer("Calibri", Color.CornflowerBlue, new Point(8, 45), 12));
            textRenderer.Initialize(this);

            #endregion

            // Initialize the world matrix
            var worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity;

            // Set the camera position slightly to the right (x), above (y) and behind (-z)
            var cameraPosition = new Vector3(1, 1, -2);
            var cameraTarget = Vector3.Zero; // Looking at the origin 0,0,0
            var cameraUp = Vector3.UnitY; // Y+ is Up

            // Prepare matrices
            // Create the view matrix from our camera position, look target and up direction
            var viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(cameraPosition, cameraTarget, cameraUp);

            // Create the projection matrix
            /* FoV 60degrees = Pi/3 radians */
            // Aspect ratio (based on window size), Near clip, Far clip
            var projectionMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 3f, Width / (float)Height, 0.5f, 100f);

            // Maintain the correct aspect ratio on resize
            Window.Resize += (s, e) =>
            {
                projectionMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 3f, Width / (float)Height, 0.5f, 100f);
            };

            #region Rotation and window event handlers

            // Create a rotation vector to keep track of the rotation
            // around each of the axes
            var rotation = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            // We will call this action to update text
            // for the text renderer
            Action updateText = () =>
            {
                textRenderer.Text =
                    String.Format("Rotation ({0}) (Up/Down Left/Right Wheel+-)\nView ({1}) (A/D, W/S, Shift+Wheel+-)"
                    + "\nPress X to reinitialize the device and resources (device ptr: {2})"
                    + "\nPress Z to show/hide depth buffer - Press F to toggle wireframe"
                    + "\nPress 1,2,3,4 to switch shaders",
                        rotation,
                        viewMatrix.TranslationVector,
                        DeviceManager.Direct3DDevice.NativePointer);
            };

            Dictionary<Keys, bool> keyToggles = new Dictionary<Keys, bool>();
            keyToggles[Keys.Z] = false;
            keyToggles[Keys.F] = false;

            // Support keyboard/mouse input to rotate or move camera view
            var moveFactor = 0.02f; // how much to change on each keypress
            var shiftKey = false;
            var ctrlKey = false;
            Window.KeyDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                var context = DeviceManager.Direct3DContext;

                shiftKey = e.Shift;
                ctrlKey = e.Control;

                switch (e.KeyCode)
                {
                    // WASD -> pans view
                    case Keys.A:
                        viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(moveFactor * 2, 0f, 0f);
                        break;
                    case Keys.D:
                        viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(moveFactor * 2, 0f, 0f);
                        break;
                    case Keys.S:
                        if (shiftKey)
                            viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0f, moveFactor * 2, 0f);
                        else
                            viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0f, 0f, 1) * moveFactor * 2;
                        break;
                    case Keys.W:
                        if (shiftKey)
                            viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, moveFactor * 2, 0f);
                        else
                            viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, 0f, 1) * moveFactor * 2;
                        break;
                    // Up/Down and Left/Right - rotates around X / Y respectively
                    // (Mouse wheel rotates around Z)
                    case Keys.Down:
                        worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(-moveFactor);
                        rotation -= new Vector3(moveFactor, 0f, 0f);
                        break;
                    case Keys.Up:
                        worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(moveFactor);
                        rotation += new Vector3(moveFactor, 0f, 0f);
                        break;
                    case Keys.Left:
                        worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(-moveFactor);
                        rotation -= new Vector3(0f, moveFactor, 0f);
                        break;
                    case Keys.Right:
                        worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(moveFactor);
                        rotation += new Vector3(0f, moveFactor, 0f);
                        break;

                    case Keys.X:
                        // To test for correct resource recreation
                        // Simulate device reset or lost.
                        System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(SharpDX.Diagnostics.ObjectTracker.ReportActiveObjects());
                        DeviceManager.Initialize(DeviceManager.Dpi);
                        System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(SharpDX.Diagnostics.ObjectTracker.ReportActiveObjects());
                        break;
                    case Keys.Z:
                        keyToggles[Keys.Z] = !keyToggles[Keys.Z];
                        if (keyToggles[Keys.Z])
                        {
                            context.PixelShader.Set(depthPixelShader);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            context.PixelShader.Set(pixelShader);
                        }
                        break;
                    case Keys.F:
                        keyToggles[Keys.F] = !keyToggles[Keys.F];
                        RasterizerStateDescription rasterDesc;
                        if (context.Rasterizer.State != null)
                            rasterDesc = context.Rasterizer.State.Description;
                        else
                            rasterDesc = new RasterizerStateDescription()
                            {
                                CullMode = CullMode.Back,
                                FillMode = FillMode.Solid
                            };
                        if (keyToggles[Keys.F])
                        {
                            rasterDesc.FillMode = FillMode.Wireframe;
                            context.Rasterizer.State = ToDispose(new RasterizerState(context.Device, rasterDesc));
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            rasterDesc.FillMode = FillMode.Solid;
                            context.Rasterizer.State = ToDispose(new RasterizerState(context.Device, rasterDesc));
                        }
                        break;
                    case Keys.D1:
                        context.PixelShader.Set(pixelShader);
                        break;
                    case Keys.D2:
                        context.PixelShader.Set(lambertShader);
                        break;
                    case Keys.D3:
                        context.PixelShader.Set(phongShader);
                        break;
                    case Keys.D4:
                        context.PixelShader.Set(blinnPhongShader);
                        break;
                }

                updateText();
            };
            Window.KeyUp += (s, e) =>
            {
                // Clear the shift/ctrl keys so they aren't sticky
                if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ShiftKey)
                    shiftKey = false;
                if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ControlKey)
                    ctrlKey = false;
            };
            Window.MouseWheel += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (shiftKey)
                {
                    // Zoom in/out
                    viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, 0f, (e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor * 2);
                }
                else
                {
                    // rotate around Z-axis
                    viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationZ((e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor);
                    rotation += new Vector3(0f, 0f, (e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor);
                }
                updateText();
            };

            var lastX = 0;
            var lastY = 0;

            Window.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
                {
                    lastX = e.X;
                    lastY = e.Y;
                }
            };

            Window.MouseMove += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
                {
                    var yRotate = lastX - e.X;
                    var xRotate = lastY - e.Y;
                    lastY = e.Y;
                    lastX = e.X;

                    // Mouse move changes
                    viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(xRotate * moveFactor);
                    viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(yRotate * moveFactor);

                    updateText();
                }
            };

            // Display instructions with initial values
            updateText();

            #endregion

            var clock = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
            clock.Start();

            #region Render loop

            // Create and run the render loop
            RenderLoop.Run(Window, () =>
            {
                // Start of frame:

                // Retrieve immediate context
                var context = DeviceManager.Direct3DContext;

                // Clear depth stencil view
                context.ClearDepthStencilView(DepthStencilView, DepthStencilClearFlags.Depth | DepthStencilClearFlags.Stencil, 1.0f, 0);
                // Clear render target view
                context.ClearRenderTargetView(RenderTargetView, Color.White);

                // Create viewProjection matrix
                var viewProjection = Matrix.Multiply(viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);

                // Extract camera position from view
                var camPosition = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix)).Column4;
                cameraPosition = new Vector3(camPosition.X, camPosition.Y, camPosition.Z);

                // If Keys.CtrlKey is down, auto rotate viewProjection based on time
                var time = clock.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000.0f;
                if (ctrlKey)
                {
                    viewProjection = Matrix.RotationY(time * 1.8f) * Matrix.RotationX(time * 1f) * Matrix.RotationZ(time * 0.6f) * viewProjection;
                }
                var worldRotation = Matrix.RotationAxis(Vector3.UnitY, time);

                var perFrame = new ConstantBuffers.PerFrame();
                perFrame.Light.Color = Color.White;
                var lightDir = Vector3.Transform(new Vector3(1f, -1f, 1f), worldMatrix);
                perFrame.Light.Direction = new Vector3(lightDir.X, lightDir.Y, lightDir.Z);
                perFrame.CameraPosition = cameraPosition;
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perFrame, perFrameBuffer);

                // Render each object

                var perMaterial = new ConstantBuffers.PerMaterial();
                perMaterial.Ambient = new Color4(0.2f);
                perMaterial.Diffuse = Color.White;
                perMaterial.Emissive = new Color4(0);
                perMaterial.Specular = Color.White;
                perMaterial.SpecularPower = 20f;
                perMaterial.HasTexture = 0;
                perMaterial.UVTransform = Matrix.Identity;
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perMaterial, perMaterialBuffer);

                var perObject = new ConstantBuffers.PerObject();

                // QUAD
                perObject.World = quad.World * worldMatrix;
                perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
                perObject.WorldViewProjection = perObject.World * viewProjection;
                perObject.Transpose();
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
                quad.Render();

                // CUBE
                perObject.World = cube.World * worldMatrix;
                perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
                perObject.WorldViewProjection = perObject.World * viewProjection;
                perObject.Transpose();
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
                cube.Render();

                // SPHERE
                perObject.World = sphere.World * worldMatrix;
                perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
                perObject.WorldViewProjection = perObject.World * viewProjection;
                perObject.Transpose();
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
                sphere.Render();

                // Render FPS
                fps.Render();

                // Render instructions + position changes
                textRenderer.Render();

                // Present the frame
                Present();
            });
            #endregion
        }
Beispiel #2
0
        public override void Run()
        {
            #region Create renderers

            // Note: the renderers take care of creating their own
            // device resources and listen for DeviceManager.OnInitialize

            // Create and initialize the quad renderer
            var quad = ToDispose(new QuadRenderer(Color.LightGray));
            quad.Initialize(this);
            // Scale and translate the quad
            quad.World = Matrix.Scaling(5f);
            quad.World.TranslationVector = new Vector3(0, -0.5f, 0);

            // Create and initialize the cube renderer
            var cube = ToDispose(new CubeRenderer());
            cube.Initialize(this);
            // Move the cube along the X axis by -1
            cube.World = Matrix.Translation(-1, 0, 0);

            // Create and initialize the sphere renderer
            var sphere = ToDispose(new SphereRenderer());
            sphere.Initialize(this);
            // Move the sphere along the Z axis by 1.1
            sphere.World = Matrix.Translation(0, 0, 1.1f);
            //sphereWorld.ScaleVector = new Vector3(1, 0.5f, 1);

            // Create and initialize a Direct2D FPS text renderer
            var fps = ToDispose(new Common.FpsRenderer("Calibri", Color.CornflowerBlue, new Point(8, 8), 16));
            fps.Initialize(this);

            // Create and initialize a general purpose Direct2D text renderer
            // This will display some instructions and the current view and rotation offsets
            var textRenderer = ToDispose(new Common.TextRenderer("Calibri", Color.CornflowerBlue, new Point(8, 45), 12));
            textRenderer.Initialize(this);

            #endregion

            // Initialize the world matrix
            var worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity;

            // Set the camera position slightly to the right (x), above (y) and behind (-z)
            var cameraPosition = new Vector3(1, 1, -2);
            var cameraTarget   = Vector3.Zero;  // Looking at the origin 0,0,0
            var cameraUp       = Vector3.UnitY; // Y+ is Up

            // Prepare matrices
            // Create the view matrix from our camera position, look target and up direction
            var viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(cameraPosition, cameraTarget, cameraUp);

            // Create the projection matrix
            /* FoV 60degrees = Pi/3 radians */
            // Aspect ratio (based on window size), Near clip, Far clip
            var projectionMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 3f, Width / (float)Height, 0.5f, 100f);

            // Maintain the correct aspect ratio on resize
            Window.Resize += (s, e) =>
            {
                projectionMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 3f, Width / (float)Height, 0.5f, 100f);
            };

            #region Rotation and window event handlers

            // Create a rotation vector to keep track of the rotation
            // around each of the axes
            var rotation = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            // We will call this action to update text
            // for the text renderer
            Action updateText = () =>
            {
                textRenderer.Text =
                    String.Format("Rotation ({0}) (Up/Down Left/Right Wheel+-)\nView ({1}) (A/D, W/S, Shift+Wheel+-)"
                                  + "\nPress X to reinitialize the device and resources (device ptr: {2})"
                                  + "\nPress Z to show/hide depth buffer - Press F to toggle wireframe"
                                  + "\nPress 1,2,3,4 to switch shaders",
                                  rotation,
                                  viewMatrix.TranslationVector,
                                  DeviceManager.Direct3DDevice.NativePointer);
            };

            Dictionary <Keys, bool> keyToggles = new Dictionary <Keys, bool>();
            keyToggles[Keys.Z] = false;
            keyToggles[Keys.F] = false;

            // Support keyboard/mouse input to rotate or move camera view
            var moveFactor = 0.02f; // how much to change on each keypress
            var shiftKey   = false;
            var ctrlKey    = false;
            Window.KeyDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                var context = DeviceManager.Direct3DContext;

                shiftKey = e.Shift;
                ctrlKey  = e.Control;

                switch (e.KeyCode)
                {
                // WASD -> pans view
                case Keys.A:
                    viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(moveFactor * 2, 0f, 0f);
                    break;

                case Keys.D:
                    viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(moveFactor * 2, 0f, 0f);
                    break;

                case Keys.S:
                    if (shiftKey)
                    {
                        viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0f, moveFactor * 2, 0f);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        viewMatrix.TranslationVector += new Vector3(0f, 0f, 1) * moveFactor * 2;
                    }
                    break;

                case Keys.W:
                    if (shiftKey)
                    {
                        viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, moveFactor * 2, 0f);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, 0f, 1) * moveFactor * 2;
                    }
                    break;

                // Up/Down and Left/Right - rotates around X / Y respectively
                // (Mouse wheel rotates around Z)
                case Keys.Down:
                    worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(-moveFactor);
                    rotation    -= new Vector3(moveFactor, 0f, 0f);
                    break;

                case Keys.Up:
                    worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(moveFactor);
                    rotation    += new Vector3(moveFactor, 0f, 0f);
                    break;

                case Keys.Left:
                    worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(-moveFactor);
                    rotation    -= new Vector3(0f, moveFactor, 0f);
                    break;

                case Keys.Right:
                    worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(moveFactor);
                    rotation    += new Vector3(0f, moveFactor, 0f);
                    break;

                case Keys.X:
                    // To test for correct resource recreation
                    // Simulate device reset or lost.
                    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(SharpDX.Diagnostics.ObjectTracker.ReportActiveObjects());
                    DeviceManager.Initialize(DeviceManager.Dpi);
                    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(SharpDX.Diagnostics.ObjectTracker.ReportActiveObjects());
                    break;

                case Keys.Z:
                    keyToggles[Keys.Z] = !keyToggles[Keys.Z];
                    if (keyToggles[Keys.Z])
                    {
                        context.PixelShader.Set(depthPixelShader);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        context.PixelShader.Set(pixelShader);
                    }
                    break;

                case Keys.F:
                    keyToggles[Keys.F] = !keyToggles[Keys.F];
                    RasterizerStateDescription rasterDesc;
                    if (context.Rasterizer.State != null)
                    {
                        rasterDesc = context.Rasterizer.State.Description;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        rasterDesc = new RasterizerStateDescription()
                        {
                            CullMode = CullMode.Back,
                            FillMode = FillMode.Solid
                        }
                    };
                    if (keyToggles[Keys.F])
                    {
                        rasterDesc.FillMode      = FillMode.Wireframe;
                        context.Rasterizer.State = ToDispose(new RasterizerState(context.Device, rasterDesc));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        rasterDesc.FillMode      = FillMode.Solid;
                        context.Rasterizer.State = ToDispose(new RasterizerState(context.Device, rasterDesc));
                    }
                    break;

                case Keys.D1:
                    context.PixelShader.Set(pixelShader);
                    break;

                case Keys.D2:
                    context.PixelShader.Set(lambertShader);
                    break;

                case Keys.D3:
                    context.PixelShader.Set(phongShader);
                    break;

                case Keys.D4:
                    context.PixelShader.Set(blinnPhongShader);
                    break;
                }

                updateText();
            };
            Window.KeyUp += (s, e) =>
            {
                // Clear the shift/ctrl keys so they aren't sticky
                if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ShiftKey)
                {
                    shiftKey = false;
                }
                if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ControlKey)
                {
                    ctrlKey = false;
                }
            };
            Window.MouseWheel += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (shiftKey)
                {
                    // Zoom in/out
                    viewMatrix.TranslationVector -= new Vector3(0f, 0f, (e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor * 2);
                }
                else
                {
                    // rotate around Z-axis
                    viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationZ((e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor);
                    rotation   += new Vector3(0f, 0f, (e.Delta / 120f) * moveFactor);
                }
                updateText();
            };

            var lastX = 0;
            var lastY = 0;

            Window.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
                {
                    lastX = e.X;
                    lastY = e.Y;
                }
            };

            Window.MouseMove += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
                {
                    var yRotate = lastX - e.X;
                    var xRotate = lastY - e.Y;
                    lastY = e.Y;
                    lastX = e.X;

                    // Mouse move changes
                    // Rotate view (i.e. camera)
                    //viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(xRotate * moveFactor);
                    //viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(yRotate * moveFactor);

                    // Rotate around origin
                    var backup = viewMatrix.TranslationVector;
                    viewMatrix.TranslationVector = Vector3.Zero;
                    viewMatrix *= Matrix.RotationX(xRotate * moveFactor);
                    viewMatrix.TranslationVector = backup;
                    worldMatrix *= Matrix.RotationY(yRotate * moveFactor);


                    updateText();
                }
            };

            // Display instructions with initial values
            updateText();

            #endregion

            var clock = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
            clock.Start();

            #region Render loop

            // Create and run the render loop
            RenderLoop.Run(Window, () =>
            {
                // Start of frame:

                // Retrieve immediate context
                var context = DeviceManager.Direct3DContext;

                // Clear depth stencil view
                context.ClearDepthStencilView(DepthStencilView, DepthStencilClearFlags.Depth | DepthStencilClearFlags.Stencil, 1.0f, 0);
                // Clear render target view
                context.ClearRenderTargetView(RenderTargetView, Color.White);

                // Create viewProjection matrix
                var viewProjection = Matrix.Multiply(viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);

                // Extract camera position from view
                var camPosition = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix)).Column4;
                cameraPosition  = new Vector3(camPosition.X, camPosition.Y, camPosition.Z);

                // If Keys.CtrlKey is down, auto rotate viewProjection based on time
                var time = clock.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000.0f;
                if (ctrlKey)
                {
                    viewProjection = Matrix.RotationY(time * 1.8f) * Matrix.RotationX(time * 1f) * Matrix.RotationZ(time * 0.6f) * viewProjection;
                }
                var worldRotation = Matrix.RotationAxis(Vector3.UnitY, time);

                var perFrame             = new ConstantBuffers.PerFrame();
                perFrame.Light.Color     = Color.White;
                var lightDir             = Vector3.Transform(new Vector3(1f, -1f, 1f), worldMatrix);
                perFrame.Light.Direction = new Vector3(lightDir.X, lightDir.Y, lightDir.Z);
                perFrame.CameraPosition  = cameraPosition;
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perFrame, perFrameBuffer);

                // Render each object

                var perMaterial           = new ConstantBuffers.PerMaterial();
                perMaterial.Ambient       = new Color4(0.2f);
                perMaterial.Diffuse       = Color.White;
                perMaterial.Emissive      = new Color4(0);
                perMaterial.Specular      = Color.White;
                perMaterial.SpecularPower = 20f;
                perMaterial.HasTexture    = 0;
                perMaterial.UVTransform   = Matrix.Identity;
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perMaterial, perMaterialBuffer);

                var perObject = new ConstantBuffers.PerObject();

                // QUAD
                perObject.World = quad.World * worldMatrix;
                perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
                perObject.WorldViewProjection   = perObject.World * viewProjection;
                perObject.Transpose();
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
                quad.Render();

                // CUBE
                perObject.World = cube.World * worldMatrix;
                perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
                perObject.WorldViewProjection   = perObject.World * viewProjection;
                perObject.Transpose();
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
                cube.Render();

                // SPHERE
                perObject.World = sphere.World * worldMatrix;
                perObject.WorldInverseTranspose = Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(perObject.World));
                perObject.WorldViewProjection   = perObject.World * viewProjection;
                perObject.Transpose();
                context.UpdateSubresource(ref perObject, perObjectBuffer);
                sphere.Render();

                // Render FPS
                fps.Render();

                // Render instructions + position changes
                textRenderer.Render();

                // Present the frame
                Present();
            });
            #endregion
        }