public static bool      Distance(ConvexShape shape0, ref IndexedMatrix wtrs0, ConvexShape shape1, ref IndexedMatrix wtrs1, ref IndexedVector3 guess, ref GjkEpaSolver2Results results)
 {
     using (GjkEpaSolver2MinkowskiDiff shape = BulletGlobals.GjkEpaSolver2MinkowskiDiffPool.Get())
         using (GJK gjk = BulletGlobals.GJKPool.Get())
         {
             Initialize(shape0, ref wtrs0, shape1, ref wtrs1, ref results, shape, false);
             gjk.Initialise();
             GJKStatus gjk_status = gjk.Evaluate(shape, ref guess);
             if (gjk_status == GJKStatus.Valid)
             {
                 IndexedVector3 w0 = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                 IndexedVector3 w1 = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                 for (uint i = 0; i < gjk.m_simplex.rank; ++i)
                 {
                     float p = gjk.m_simplex.p[i];
                     w0 += shape.Support(ref gjk.m_simplex.c[i].d, 0) * p;
                     IndexedVector3 temp = -gjk.m_simplex.c[i].d;
                     w1 += shape.Support(ref temp, 1) * p;
                 }
                 results.witnesses0 = wtrs0 * w0;
                 results.witnesses1 = wtrs0 * w1;
                 results.normal     = w0 - w1;
                 results.distance   = results.normal.Length();
                 results.normal    /= results.distance > GJK_MIN_DISTANCE ? results.distance : 1;
                 return(true);
             }
             else
             {
                 //GjkEpaSolver2Status
                 results.status = (gjk_status == GJKStatus.Inside) ? GjkEpaSolver2Status.Penetrating : GjkEpaSolver2Status.GJK_Failed;
                 return(false);
             }
         }
 }
        public static float ProjectOrigin(ref IndexedVector3 a,
                                          ref IndexedVector3 b,
                                          ref IndexedVector3 c,
                                          ref IndexedVector3 d,
                                          ref IndexedVector4 w, ref uint m)
        {
            //uint[] imd3 ={1,2,0};
            //IndexedVector3[]	vt = {a,b,c,d};
            //IndexedVector3[]	dl= {a-d,b-d,c-d};
            Debug.Assert(inhere1 == false);
            inhere1 = true;
            vta[0]  = a; vta[1] = b; vta[2] = c; vta[3] = d;
            dla[0]  = a - d; dla[1] = b - d; dla[2] = c - d;

            float vl = Det(dl[0], dl[1], dl[2]);

            bool ng = (vl * IndexedVector3.Dot(a, IndexedVector3.Cross(b - c, a - b))) <= 0;

            if (ng && (Math.Abs(vl) > GjkEpaSolver2.GJK_SIMPLEX4_EPS))
            {
                float          mindist = -1;
                IndexedVector4 subw    = new IndexedVector4();
                uint           subm    = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
                {
                    uint  j = imd3[i];
                    float s = vl * IndexedVector3.Dot(d, IndexedVector3.Cross(dl[i], dl[j]));
                    if (s > 0)
                    {
                        float subd = GJK.ProjectOrigin(ref vt[i], ref vt[j], ref d, ref subw, ref subm);
                        if ((mindist < 0) || (subd < mindist))
                        {
                            mindist = subd;
                            m       = (uint)((((subm & 1) != 0)?1 << i:0) +
                                             (((subm & 2) != 0)?1 << (int)j:0) +
                                             (((subm & 4) != 0)?8:0));

                            w[(int)i]       = subw.X;
                            w[(int)j]       = subw.Y;
                            w[(int)imd3[j]] = 0f;
                            w.W             = subw.Z;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (mindist < 0)
                {
                    mindist = 0;
                    m       = 15;
                    w.X     = Det(c, b, d) / vl;
                    w.Y     = Det(a, c, d) / vl;
                    w.Z     = Det(b, a, d) / vl;
                    w.W     = 1 - (w.X + w.Y + w.Z);
                }
                inhere1 = false;
                return(mindist);
            }
            inhere1 = false;
            return(-1);
        }
        //
        public float SignedDistance(ref IndexedVector3 position, float margin, ConvexShape shape0, ref IndexedMatrix wtrs0, ref GjkEpaSolver2Results results)
        {
            using (GjkEpaSolver2MinkowskiDiff shape = BulletGlobals.GjkEpaSolver2MinkowskiDiffPool.Get())
                using (GJK gjk = BulletGlobals.GJKPool.Get())
                {
                    SphereShape shape1 = BulletGlobals.SphereShapePool.Get();
                    shape1.Initialize(margin);
                    IndexedMatrix wtrs1 = IndexedMatrix.CreateFromQuaternion(IndexedQuaternion.Identity);
                    wtrs0._origin = position;

                    Initialize(shape0, ref wtrs0, shape1, ref wtrs1, ref results, shape, false);
                    gjk.Initialise();
                    IndexedVector3 guess      = new IndexedVector3(1);
                    GJKStatus      gjk_status = gjk.Evaluate(shape, ref guess);
                    if (gjk_status == GJKStatus.Valid)
                    {
                        IndexedVector3 w0 = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                        IndexedVector3 w1 = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                        for (int i = 0; i < gjk.m_simplex.rank; ++i)
                        {
                            float p = gjk.m_simplex.p[i];
                            w0 += shape.Support(ref gjk.m_simplex.c[i].d, 0) * p;
                            IndexedVector3 temp = -gjk.m_simplex.c[i].d;
                            w1 += shape.Support(ref temp, 1) * p;
                        }
                        results.witnesses0 = wtrs0 * w0;
                        results.witnesses1 = wtrs0 * w1;
                        IndexedVector3 delta   = results.witnesses1 - results.witnesses0;
                        float          margin2 = shape0.GetMarginNonVirtual() + shape1.GetMarginNonVirtual();
                        float          length  = delta.Length();
                        results.normal      = delta / length;
                        results.witnesses0 += results.normal * margin2;
                        return(length - margin2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (gjk_status == GJKStatus.Inside)
                        {
                            if (Penetration(shape0, ref wtrs0, shape1, ref wtrs1, ref gjk.m_ray, ref results))
                            {
                                IndexedVector3 delta  = results.witnesses0 - results.witnesses1;
                                float          length = delta.Length();
                                if (length >= MathUtil.SIMD_EPSILON)
                                {
                                    results.normal = delta / length;
                                }
                                return(-length);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    BulletGlobals.SphereShapePool.Free(shape1);
                }
            return(MathUtil.SIMD_INFINITY);
        }
        public static float ProjectOrigin(ref IndexedVector3 a,
                                          ref IndexedVector3 b,
                                          ref IndexedVector3 c,
                                          ref IndexedVector4 w, ref uint m)
        {
            Debug.Assert(inhere2 == false);
            inhere2 = true;
            vt[0]   = a; vt[1] = b; vt[2] = c;
            dl[0]   = a - b; dl[1] = b - c; dl[2] = c - a;

            IndexedVector3 n = IndexedVector3.Cross(dl[0], dl[1]);
            float          l = n.LengthSquared();

            if (l > GjkEpaSolver2.GJK_SIMPLEX3_EPS)
            {
                float          mindist = -1f;
                IndexedVector4 subw    = new IndexedVector4();
                uint           subm    = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
                {
                    if (IndexedVector3.Dot(vt[i], IndexedVector3.Cross(dl[i], n)) > 0)
                    {
                        uint  j    = imd3[i];
                        float subd = GJK.ProjectOrigin(ref vt[i], ref vt[j], ref subw, ref subm);
                        if ((mindist < 0) || (subd < mindist))
                        {
                            mindist = subd;
                            m       = (uint)((((subm & 1) != 0)?1 << i:0) + (((subm & 2) != 0)?1 << (int)j:0));

                            w[(int)i]       = subw.X;
                            w[(int)j]       = subw.Y;
                            w[(int)imd3[j]] = 0f;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (mindist < 0)
                {
                    float          d = IndexedVector3.Dot(ref a, ref n);
                    float          s = (float)Math.Sqrt(l);
                    IndexedVector3 p = n * (d / l);
                    mindist = p.LengthSquared();
                    m       = 7;
                    w.X     = (IndexedVector3.Cross(dl[1], b - p)).Length() / s;
                    w.Y     = (IndexedVector3.Cross(dl[2], c - p)).Length() / s;
                    w.Z     = 1 - (w.X + w.Y);
                }
                inhere2 = false;
                return(mindist);
            }
            inhere2 = false;
            return(-1);
        }
        public static bool Penetration(ConvexShape shape0, ref IndexedMatrix wtrs0, ConvexShape shape1, ref IndexedMatrix wtrs1, ref IndexedVector3 guess, ref GjkEpaSolver2Results results, bool usemargins)
        {
            using (GjkEpaSolver2MinkowskiDiff shape = BulletGlobals.GjkEpaSolver2MinkowskiDiffPool.Get())
                using (GJK gjk = BulletGlobals.GJKPool.Get())
                {
                    Initialize(shape0, ref wtrs0, shape1, ref wtrs1, ref results, shape, usemargins);
                    gjk.Initialise();
                    IndexedVector3 minusGuess = -guess;
                    GJKStatus      gjk_status = gjk.Evaluate(shape, ref minusGuess);
                    switch (gjk_status)
                    {
                    case GJKStatus.Inside:
                    {
                        //EPA	epa = new EPA();
                        eStatus epa_status = epa.Evaluate(gjk, ref minusGuess);
                        if (epa_status != eStatus.Failed)
                        {
                            IndexedVector3 w0 = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                            for (uint i = 0; i < epa.m_result.rank; ++i)
                            {
                                // order of results here is 'different' , EPA.evaluate.
                                w0 += shape.Support(ref epa.m_result.c[i].d, 0) * epa.m_result.p[i];
                            }
                            results.status     = GjkEpaSolver2Status.Penetrating;
                            results.witnesses0 = wtrs0 * w0;
                            results.witnesses1 = wtrs0 * (w0 - epa.m_normal * epa.m_depth);
                            results.normal     = -epa.m_normal;
                            results.distance   = -epa.m_depth;
                            return(true);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            results.status = GjkEpaSolver2Status.EPA_Failed;
                        }
                    }
                    break;

                    case GJKStatus.Failed:
                        results.status = GjkEpaSolver2Status.GJK_Failed;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            return(false);
        }
        public eStatus Evaluate(GJK gjk, ref IndexedVector3 guess)
        {
            sSimplex simplex = gjk.m_simplex;

            if ((simplex.rank > 1) && gjk.EncloseOrigin())
            {
                /* Clean up				*/
                while (m_hull.Count > 0)
                {
                    sFace f = m_hull[0];
                    Remove(m_hull, f);
                    Append(m_stock, f);
                }

                m_status = eStatus.Valid;
                m_nextsv = 0;
                /* Orient simplex		*/
                if (GJK.Det(simplex.c[0].w - simplex.c[3].w,
                            simplex.c[1].w - simplex.c[3].w,
                            simplex.c[2].w - simplex.c[3].w) < 0)
                {
                    SwapSv(simplex.c, 0, 1);
                    SwapFloat(simplex.p, 0, 1);
                }
                /* Build initial hull	*/
                tetra[0] = NewFace(simplex.c[0], simplex.c[1], simplex.c[2], true);
                tetra[1] = NewFace(simplex.c[1], simplex.c[0], simplex.c[3], true);
                tetra[2] = NewFace(simplex.c[2], simplex.c[1], simplex.c[3], true);
                tetra[3] = NewFace(simplex.c[0], simplex.c[2], simplex.c[3], true);
                if (m_hull.Count == 4)
                {
                    sFace best       = FindBest();
                    sFace outer      = best;
                    uint  pass       = 0;
                    uint  iterations = 0;
                    Bind(tetra[0], 0, tetra[1], 0);
                    Bind(tetra[0], 1, tetra[2], 0);
                    Bind(tetra[0], 2, tetra[3], 0);
                    Bind(tetra[1], 1, tetra[3], 2);
                    Bind(tetra[1], 2, tetra[2], 1);
                    Bind(tetra[2], 2, tetra[3], 1);
                    m_status = eStatus.Valid;
                    for (; iterations < GjkEpaSolver2.EPA_MAX_ITERATIONS; ++iterations)
                    {
                        if (m_nextsv < GjkEpaSolver2.EPA_MAX_VERTICES)
                        {
                            sHorizon horizon = new sHorizon();
                            sSV      w       = m_sv_store[m_nextsv++];
                            bool     valid   = true;
                            best.pass = (uint)(++pass);
                            gjk.GetSupport(ref best.n, ref w);
                            float wdist = IndexedVector3.Dot(ref best.n, ref w.w) - best.d;
                            if (wdist > GjkEpaSolver2.EPA_ACCURACY)
                            {
                                for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && valid; ++j)
                                {
                                    valid &= Expand(pass, w,
                                                    best.f[j], best.e[j],
                                                    ref horizon);
                                }
                                if (valid && (horizon.nf >= 3))
                                {
                                    Bind(horizon.cf, 1, horizon.ff, 2);
                                    Remove(m_hull, best);
                                    Append(m_stock, best);
                                    best = FindBest();
                                    if (best.p >= outer.p)
                                    {
                                        outer = best;
                                    }
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    m_status = eStatus.InvalidHull;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                m_status = eStatus.AccuraryReached;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            m_status = eStatus.OutOfVertices;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    IndexedVector3 projection = outer.n * outer.d;
                    m_normal      = outer.n;
                    m_depth       = outer.d;
                    m_result.rank = 3;
                    m_result.c[0] = outer.c[0];
                    m_result.c[1] = outer.c[1];
                    m_result.c[2] = outer.c[2];
                    m_result.p[0] = IndexedVector3.Cross(outer.c[1].w - projection,
                                                         outer.c[2].w - projection).Length();
                    m_result.p[1] = IndexedVector3.Cross(outer.c[2].w - projection,
                                                         outer.c[0].w - projection).Length();
                    m_result.p[2] = IndexedVector3.Cross(outer.c[0].w - projection,
                                                         outer.c[1].w - projection).Length();
                    float sum = m_result.p[0] + m_result.p[1] + m_result.p[2];
                    m_result.p[0] /= sum;
                    m_result.p[1] /= sum;
                    m_result.p[2] /= sum;
                    return(m_status);
                }
            }
            /* Fallback		*/
            m_status = eStatus.FallBack;
            m_normal = -guess;
            float nl = m_normal.LengthSquared();

            if (nl > 0)
            {
                m_normal.Normalize();
            }
            else
            {
                m_normal = new IndexedVector3(1, 0, 0);
            }

            m_depth       = 0;
            m_result.rank = 1;
            m_result.c[0] = simplex.c[0];
            m_result.p[0] = 1;
            return(m_status);
        }
        public bool     EncloseOrigin()
        {
            switch (m_simplex.rank)
            {
            case    1:
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
                {
                    IndexedVector3 axis = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                    axis[i] = 1f;
                    AppendVertice(m_simplex, ref axis);
                    if (EncloseOrigin())
                    {
                        return(true);
                    }
                    RemoveVertice(m_simplex);
                    IndexedVector3 temp = -axis;
                    AppendVertice(m_simplex, ref temp);
                    if (EncloseOrigin())
                    {
                        return(true);
                    }
                    RemoveVertice(m_simplex);
                }
                break;
            }

            case    2:
            {
                IndexedVector3 d = m_simplex.c[1].w - m_simplex.c[0].w;
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
                {
                    IndexedVector3 axis = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                    axis[i] = 1f;
                    IndexedVector3 p = IndexedVector3.Cross(d, axis);
                    if (p.LengthSquared() > 0)
                    {
                        AppendVertice(m_simplex, ref p);
                        if (EncloseOrigin())
                        {
                            return(true);
                        }
                        RemoveVertice(m_simplex);
                        IndexedVector3 temp = -p;
                        AppendVertice(m_simplex, ref temp);
                        if (EncloseOrigin())
                        {
                            return(true);
                        }
                        RemoveVertice(m_simplex);
                    }
                }
                break;
            }

            case 3:
            {
                IndexedVector3 n = IndexedVector3.Cross(m_simplex.c[1].w - m_simplex.c[0].w,
                                                        m_simplex.c[2].w - m_simplex.c[0].w);
                if (n.LengthSquared() > 0)
                {
                    AppendVertice(m_simplex, ref n);
                    if (EncloseOrigin())
                    {
                        return(true);
                    }
                    RemoveVertice(m_simplex);
                    IndexedVector3 temp = -n;
                    AppendVertice(m_simplex, ref temp);
                    if (EncloseOrigin())
                    {
                        return(true);
                    }
                    RemoveVertice(m_simplex);
                }
                break;
            }

            case 4:
            {
                if (Math.Abs(GJK.Det(m_simplex.c[0].w - m_simplex.c[3].w,
                                     m_simplex.c[1].w - m_simplex.c[3].w,
                                     m_simplex.c[2].w - m_simplex.c[3].w)) > 0)
                {
                    return(true);
                }
                break;
            }

            default:
            {
                break;
            }
            }
            return(false);
        }
        public GJKStatus Evaluate(GjkEpaSolver2MinkowskiDiff shapearg, ref IndexedVector3 guess)
        {
            uint  iterations = 0;
            float sqdist     = 0f;
            float alpha      = 0f;
            uint  clastw     = 0;

            /* Initialize solver		*/
            m_free[0]  = m_store[0];
            m_free[1]  = m_store[1];
            m_free[2]  = m_store[2];
            m_free[3]  = m_store[3];
            m_nfree    = 4;
            m_current  = 0;
            m_status   = GJKStatus.Valid;
            m_shape    = shapearg;
            m_distance = 0f;
            /* Initialize simplex		*/
            m_simplices[0].rank = 0;
            m_ray = guess;
            float          sqrl = m_ray.LengthSquared();
            IndexedVector3 temp = sqrl > 0?-m_ray:new IndexedVector3(1, 0, 0);

            AppendVertice(m_simplices[0], ref temp);
            m_simplices[0].p[0] = 1;
            m_ray    = m_simplices[0].c[0].w;
            sqdist   = sqrl;
            lastw[0] = lastw[1] = lastw[2] = lastw[3] = m_ray;
            /* Loop						*/
            do
            {
                uint     next = 1 - m_current;
                sSimplex cs   = m_simplices[m_current];
                sSimplex ns   = m_simplices[next];
                /* Check zero							*/
                float rl = m_ray.Length();
                if (rl < GjkEpaSolver2.GJK_MIN_DISTANCE)
                {/* Touching or inside				*/
                    m_status = GJKStatus.Inside;
                    break;
                }
                /* Append new vertice in -'v' direction	*/
                IndexedVector3 temp2 = -m_ray;
                AppendVertice(cs, ref temp2);
                IndexedVector3 w     = cs.c[cs.rank - 1].w;
                bool           found = false;
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
                {
                    if ((w - lastw[i]).LengthSquared() < GjkEpaSolver2.GJK_DUPLICATED_EPS)
                    {
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (found)
                {/* Return old simplex				*/
                    RemoveVertice(m_simplices[m_current]);
                    break;
                }
                else
                {/* Update lastw					*/
                    lastw[clastw = (clastw + 1) & 3] = w;
                }
                /* Check for termination				*/
                float omega = IndexedVector3.Dot(ref m_ray, ref w) / rl;
                alpha = Math.Max(omega, alpha);
                if (((rl - alpha) - (GjkEpaSolver2.GJK_ACCURARY * rl)) <= 0)
                {/* Return old simplex				*/
                    RemoveVertice(m_simplices[m_current]);
                    break;
                }

                /* Reduce simplex						*/
                IndexedVector4 weights = new IndexedVector4();
                uint           mask    = 0;
                switch (cs.rank)
                {
                case 2:
                {
                    sqdist = GJK.ProjectOrigin(ref cs.c[0].w, ref cs.c[1].w, ref weights, ref mask);
                    break;
                }

                case 3:
                {
                    sqdist = GJK.ProjectOrigin(ref cs.c[0].w, ref cs.c[1].w, ref cs.c[2].w, ref weights, ref mask);
                    break;
                }

                case 4:
                {
                    sqdist = GJK.ProjectOrigin(ref cs.c[0].w, ref cs.c[1].w, ref cs.c[2].w, ref cs.c[3].w, ref weights, ref mask);
                    break;
                }
                }
                if (sqdist >= 0)
                {/* Valid	*/
                    ns.rank   = 0;
                    m_ray     = IndexedVector3.Zero;
                    m_current = next;
                    for (uint i = 0, ni = cs.rank; i < ni; ++i)
                    {
                        if ((mask & (1 << (int)i)) != 0)
                        {
                            ns.c[ns.rank] = cs.c[i];
                            float weight = weights[(int)i];
                            ns.p[ns.rank++] = weight;
                            m_ray          += cs.c[i].w * weight;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            m_free[m_nfree++] = cs.c[i];
                        }
                    }
                    if (mask == 15)
                    {
                        m_status = GJKStatus.Inside;
                    }
                }
                else
                {/* Return old simplex				*/
                    RemoveVertice(m_simplices[m_current]);
                    break;
                }
                m_status = ((++iterations) < GjkEpaSolver2.GJK_MAX_ITERATIONS) ? m_status : GJKStatus.Failed;
            } while(m_status == GJKStatus.Valid);

            m_simplex = m_simplices[m_current];

            switch (m_status)
            {
            case    GJKStatus.Valid:
            {
                m_distance = m_ray.Length();
                break;
            }

            case    GJKStatus.Inside:
            {
                m_distance = 0;
                break;
            }
            }

#if DEBUG
            if (BulletGlobals.g_streamWriter != null && BulletGlobals.debugGJK)
            {
                BulletGlobals.g_streamWriter.WriteLine(String.Format("gjk eval dist[{0}]", m_distance));
            }
#endif

            return(m_status);
        }