public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
// Create scene object
Scene scene = new Scene();
#region Populate scene with function surface
// Number of sample points per coordinate
int resolution = 20;
// Boundary values
double minX = -2;
double maxX = 2;
double minZ = -2;
double maxZ = 2;
// Arrays to hold point coordinate and vertex normals
Point3D[][] points = new Point3D[resolution + 1][];
NormalizedVector3D[][] normals = new NormalizedVector3D[resolution + 1][];
// Compute the sample point coordinates and normals
for (int x = 0; x <= resolution; x++)
{
points[x] = new Point3D[resolution + 1];
normals[x] = new NormalizedVector3D[resolution + 1];
// Convert sample index to coordinate
double X = minX + x * (maxX - minX) / resolution;
for (int z = 0; z <= resolution; z++)
{
// Convert sample index to coordinate
double Z = minZ + z * (maxZ - minZ) / resolution;
// Compute function f(x, z) = 4 * x * exp(-(x^2 + z^2))
double funcVal = 4 * X * Math.Exp(-(X * X + Z * Z));
// Scale everything by 100 to avoid underflow
points[x][z] = new Point3D(X * 100, -funcVal * 100, Z * 100);
// Compute the surface normal using the gradient of the function F(x, y, z) = f(x, z) + y (note that the y axis points down)
double normalX = 4 * Math.Exp(-(X * X + Z * Z)) * (1 - 2 * X * X);
double normalY = 1;
double normalZ = -8 * X * Z * Math.Exp(-(X * X + Z * Z));
NormalizedVector3D normal = new NormalizedVector3D(normalX, normalY, normalZ);
normals[x][z] = normal;
}
}
// Create triangles using the previously computed coordinates and normals
for (int x = 0; x < resolution; x++)
{
for (int z = 0; z < resolution; z++)
{
Triangle3DElement triangle1 = new Triangle3DElement(points[x][z + 1], points[x + 1][z + 1], points[x + 1][z], normals[x][z + 1], normals[x + 1][z + 1], normals[x + 1][z]);
triangle1.Fill.Add(new PhongMaterial(Colours.CornflowerBlue)
{
SpecularReflectionCoefficient = 0
});
Triangle3DElement triangle2 = new Triangle3DElement(points[x][z + 1], points[x + 1][z], points[x][z], normals[x][z + 1], normals[x + 1][z], normals[x][z]);
triangle2.Fill.Add(new PhongMaterial(Colours.CornflowerBlue)
{
SpecularReflectionCoefficient = 0
});
scene.AddElement(triangle1);
scene.AddElement(triangle2);
// Also add the reversed triangles, otherwise the "bottom" side of the surface would be culled when looking from below
// Not reversing the normals, otherwise everything at the it would be dark (unless we also add another light source)
Triangle3DElement triangle3 = new Triangle3DElement(points[x][z + 1], points[x + 1][z], points[x + 1][z + 1], normals[x][z + 1], normals[x + 1][z], normals[x + 1][z + 1]);
triangle3.Fill.Add(new PhongMaterial(Colours.CornflowerBlue)
{
SpecularReflectionCoefficient = 0
});
Triangle3DElement triangle4 = new Triangle3DElement(points[x][z + 1], points[x][z], points[x + 1][z], normals[x][z + 1], normals[x][z], normals[x + 1][z]);
triangle4.Fill.Add(new PhongMaterial(Colours.CornflowerBlue)
{
SpecularReflectionCoefficient = 0
});
scene.AddElement(triangle3);
scene.AddElement(triangle4);
}
}
#endregion
// Create a camera
PerspectiveCamera camera = new PerspectiveCamera(new Point3D(-300, -200, -400), new NormalizedVector3D(3, 2, 4), 100, new Size(115, 115), 1);
// Generic renderer initialised as a VectorRenderer
IRenderer renderer = new VectorRenderer()
{
DefaultOverFill = 0.05
};
// Main light source
ParallelLightSource light = new ParallelLightSource(0.75, new NormalizedVector3D(0.25, 1, 0.1));
// Light source array
ILightSource[] lights = new ILightSource[] { new AmbientLightSource(0.1), light };
// Render the scene
Page pag = renderer.Render(scene, lights, camera);
// Display the rendered scene on the window
Avalonia.Controls.Canvas can = pag.PaintToCanvas();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Add(can);
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Width = can.Width;
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Height = can.Height;
// Function to recreate the renderer based on the options selected in the UI
void updateRenderer()
{
// VectorRenderer
if (this.FindControl <ComboBox>("RendererBox").SelectedIndex == 0)
{
renderer = new VectorRenderer()
{
DefaultOverFill = 0.05
};
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionBlock").IsVisible = false;
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionHeightBlock").IsVisible = false;
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionWidthBlock").IsVisible = false;
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionWidthNUD").IsVisible = false;
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionHeightNUD").IsVisible = false;
this.FindControl <CheckBox>("AntialiasingBox").IsVisible = false;
}
// RasterRenderer
else if (this.FindControl <ComboBox>("RendererBox").SelectedIndex == 1)
{
int width = (int)Math.Round(this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionWidthNUD").Value);
int height = (int)Math.Round(this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionHeightNUD").Value);
renderer = new RasterRenderer(width, height);
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionBlock").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionHeightBlock").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionWidthBlock").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionWidthNUD").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionHeightNUD").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <CheckBox>("AntialiasingBox").IsVisible = false;
}
// RaycastingRenderer
else if (this.FindControl <ComboBox>("RendererBox").SelectedIndex == 2)
{
int width = (int)Math.Round(this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionWidthNUD").Value);
int height = (int)Math.Round(this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionHeightNUD").Value);
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionBlock").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionHeightBlock").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <TextBlock>("ResolutionWidthBlock").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionWidthNUD").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionHeightNUD").IsVisible = true;
this.FindControl <CheckBox>("AntialiasingBox").IsVisible = true;
renderer = new RaycastingRenderer(width, height)
{
AntiAliasing = this.FindControl <CheckBox>("AntialiasingBox").IsChecked == true ? RaycastingRenderer.AntiAliasings.Bilinear4X : RaycastingRenderer.AntiAliasings.None
};
}
// Render the scene and display it on the window
Avalonia.Controls.Canvas can = renderer.Render(scene, lights, camera).PaintToCanvas();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Clear();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Add(can);
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Width = can.Width;
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Height = can.Height;
}
// Add events to controls changing rendering parameters
this.FindControl <ComboBox>("RendererBox").SelectionChanged += (s, e) => updateRenderer();
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionWidthNUD").ValueChanged += (s, e) => updateRenderer();
this.FindControl <NumericUpDown>("ResolutionHeightNUD").ValueChanged += (s, e) => updateRenderer();
this.FindControl <CheckBox>("AntialiasingBox").Click += (s, e) => updateRenderer();
// Camera reset button
this.FindControl <Button>("ResetCameraButton").Click += (s, e) =>
{
camera = new PerspectiveCamera(new Point3D(-300, -200, -400), new NormalizedVector3D(3, 2, 4), 100, new Size(115, 115), 1);
Avalonia.Controls.Canvas can = renderer.Render(scene, lights, camera).PaintToCanvas();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Clear();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Add(can);
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Width = can.Width;
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Height = can.Height;
};
// Code to handle mouse events moving the camera on the canvas
bool isPressed = false;
PointerPoint pointerPress = null;
double lastTheta = 0;
double lastPhi = 0;
double lastX = 0;
double lastY = 0;
// Start drag
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").PointerPressed += (s, e) =>
{
pointerPress = e.GetCurrentPoint(this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas"));
lastTheta = 0;
lastPhi = 0;
lastX = 0;
lastY = 0;
isPressed = true;
};
// Drag end
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").PointerReleased += (s, e) =>
{
isPressed = false;
};
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").PointerMoved += (s, e) =>
{
// While dragging
if (isPressed)
{
PointerPoint point = e.GetCurrentPoint(this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas"));
// Left button: orbit
if (pointerPress.Properties.PointerUpdateKind == PointerUpdateKind.LeftButtonPressed)
{
double dx = (point.Position.X - pointerPress.Position.X) / this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Width;
double dy = (point.Position.Y - pointerPress.Position.Y) / this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Height;
if (dx >= -1 && dx <= 1 && dy >= -1 && dy <= 1)
{
double theta = Math.Asin(dx) * 2;
double phi = Math.Asin(dy) * 2;
camera.Orbit(theta - lastTheta, phi - lastPhi);
Avalonia.Controls.Canvas can = renderer.Render(scene, lights, camera).PaintToCanvas();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Clear();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Add(can);
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Width = can.Width;
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Height = can.Height;
lastTheta = theta;
lastPhi = phi;
}
}
// Right button: pan
else if (pointerPress.Properties.PointerUpdateKind == PointerUpdateKind.RightButtonPressed)
{
double dx = point.Position.X - pointerPress.Position.X;
double dy = point.Position.Y - pointerPress.Position.Y;
camera.Pan(dx - lastX, dy - lastY);
Avalonia.Controls.Canvas can = renderer.Render(scene, lights, camera).PaintToCanvas();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Clear();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Add(can);
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Width = can.Width;
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Height = can.Height;
lastX = dx;
lastY = dy;
}
}
};
// Mouse wheel: zoom
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").PointerWheelChanged += (s, e) =>
{
camera.Zoom(e.Delta.Y * 100);
Avalonia.Controls.Canvas can = renderer.Render(scene, lights, camera).PaintToCanvas();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Clear();
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Children.Add(can);
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Width = can.Width;
this.FindControl <Avalonia.Controls.Canvas>("ContainerCanvas").Height = can.Height;
};
}
public TriangleEnumerator(Triangle3DElement triangle)
{
this.Triangle = triangle;
}
