/// <summary>
/// Calculate valuation profiles.
/// </summary>
public override void Value(ValuationResults valuationResults, PriceFactorList factors, BaseTimeGrid baseTimes)
{
base.Value(valuationResults, factors, baseTimes);
var accruedResults = valuationResults.Results <AccruedInterest>();
if (accruedResults == null)
{
return;
}
using (var cache = Vector.Cache(factors.NumScenarios))
{
Vector accruedInterest = cache.Get();
var deal = (CFEquityFloatingInterestListDeal)Deal;
var tgi = new TimeGridIterator(fT);
var equityParams = new EquityCashflowParams((EquityPrice)fEquity, (EquityPriceVol)fEquityVol, fEquityFXRate, fEquityPayoffFXRate, deal.GetEquityPayoffType(), fEquityQuantoCompo, null, null);
while (tgi.Next())
{
deal.Cashflows.CalculateAccrual(accruedInterest, equityParams, factors.BaseDate, tgi.Date, accruedResults.AccrueFromToday, deal.GetHolidayCalendar(), deal.Accrual_Day_Count, fForecastRate, fFxRate);
accruedResults.SetValue(tgi.Date, fBuySellSign * accruedInterest);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculate valuation profiles.
/// </summary>
public override void Value(ValuationResults valuationResults, PriceFactorList factors, BaseTimeGrid baseTimes)
{
base.Value(valuationResults, factors, baseTimes);
var deal = (CFFixedInterestListDeal)Deal;
CalculateMetrics(valuationResults, factors, deal);
var accruedResults = valuationResults.Results <AccruedInterest>();
if (accruedResults == null)
{
return;
}
var tgi = new TimeGridIterator(fT);
while (tgi.Next())
{
double accruedInterest = deal.Cashflows.CalculateAccrual(tgi.Date, accruedResults.AccrueFromToday, fDeal.GetHolidayCalendar());
accruedResults.SetValue(tgi.Date, fBuySellSign * accruedInterest);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Generic Deal Valuation - derived objects override the ValueFn() method.
/// </summary>
public override void Value(ValuationResults valuationResults, PriceFactorList factors, BaseTimeGrid baseTimes)
{
PreValue(factors);
var deal = (CalendarSpreadOption)Deal;
var tgi = new TimeGridIterator(fT);
PVProfiles result = valuationResults.Profile;
CashAccumulators accumulator = valuationResults.Cash;
fTimeToSettlement = CalcUtils.DaysToYears(deal.Settlement_Date - factors.BaseDate);
fPeriodEnd1 = CalcUtils.DaysToYears(deal.Period_End_1 - factors.BaseDate);
fPeriodEnd2 = CalcUtils.DaysToYears(deal.Period_End_2 - factors.BaseDate);
// The time to expiry is the time to the end of the first expiring contract.
fTimeToExpiry = CalcUtils.DaysToYears(deal.Period_End_1 - factors.BaseDate);
using (var cache = Vector.Cache(factors.NumScenarios))
{
EnergySpreadOptionPricer pricer1 = GetEnergyOptionPricer(fForwardSample,
fReferencePrice1,
fReferenceVol1,
factors.BaseDate,
fPeriodEnd1,
deal.Period_Start_1,
deal.Period_End_1,
deal.Realized_Average_1,
deal.Realized_Average_Date_1,
cache);
EnergySpreadOptionPricer pricer2 = GetEnergyOptionPricer(fForwardSample,
fReferencePrice2,
fReferenceVol2,
factors.BaseDate,
fPeriodEnd2,
deal.Period_Start_2,
deal.Period_End_2,
deal.Realized_Average_2,
deal.Realized_Average_Date_2,
cache);
Vector pv = cache.Get();
Vector realizedPrice1 = cache.Get();
Vector realizedPrice2 = cache.Get();
Vector unrealizedPrice1 = cache.Get();
Vector unrealizedPrice2 = cache.Get();
Vector vol1 = cache.Get();
Vector vol2 = cache.Get();
Vector correlation = cache.Get();
Vector discountFactor = cache.Get();
// Calculate correlation between forward prices for two different (dereferenced) maturities (e.g. Apr2012 and Jan2013).
TDate forwardDate1 = fReferencePrice1.GetPriceDate(deal.Period_End_1, 0);
TDate forwardDate2 = fReferencePrice2.GetPriceDate(deal.Period_End_2, 0);
fCorrelations.GetValue(correlation, tgi.T, forwardDate1, forwardDate2);
while (tgi.Next())
{
pv.Clear();
if (tgi.T <= fTimeToExpiry)
{
// Get unrealised reference forward prices (which also age the pricer to time t and update the realized average at time t)
pricer1.GetUnrealizedPrice(tgi.T, unrealizedPrice1);
pricer2.GetUnrealizedPrice(tgi.T, unrealizedPrice2);
// Get the realized averages for both reference prices.
pricer1.GetRealizedPrice(realizedPrice1);
pricer2.GetRealizedPrice(realizedPrice2);
int numSamples1 = pricer1.GetNumSamples();
int numRealizedSamples1 = pricer1.GetNumRealizedSamples();
int numUnrealizedSamples1 = pricer1.GetNumUnrealizedSamples();
int numSamples2 = pricer2.GetNumSamples();
int numRealizedSamples2 = pricer2.GetNumRealizedSamples();
int numUnrealizedSamples2 = pricer2.GetNumUnrealizedSamples();
// Modify the strike
Vector kStar = cache.Get(deal.Strike_Price
- realizedPrice1 * numRealizedSamples1 / numSamples1
+ realizedPrice2 * numRealizedSamples2 / numSamples2);
Vector refPriceStar1 = cache.Get(unrealizedPrice1 * numUnrealizedSamples1 / numSamples1);
Vector refPriceStar2 = cache.Get(unrealizedPrice2 * numUnrealizedSamples2 / numSamples2);
// Get ATM volatilities of the forward price at different maturities (given as time in years with respect to base date).
pricer1.GetVol(tgi.T, unrealizedPrice2, vol1);
pricer2.GetVol(tgi.T, unrealizedPrice1, vol2);
// value is intrinsic - pricing with volatility 0 and realized price if there are no future sample.
if (numUnrealizedSamples1 == 0)
{
vol1.Clear();
}
// value is intrinsic - pricing with volatility 0 and realized price if there are no future sample.
if (numUnrealizedSamples2 == 0)
{
vol2.Clear();
}
// CSO pricing: exp(-rT) * E{max(F1(T) - F2(T) - K, 0)}
// For the European CSO, we set multiplier1 = sign, multiplier2 = -sign, constant = -sign * strike,
// where sign = +1 for a call and -1 for a put in the SpreadOptionBS function.
double rootTime = Math.Sqrt(fTimeToExpiry - tgi.T);
Vector volStar1 = cache.Get(vol1 * rootTime);
Vector volStar2 = cache.Get(vol2 * rootTime);
PricingFunctions.SpreadOptionBS(pv, fCallPutSign, -fCallPutSign, cache.Get(-fCallPutSign * kStar), fCallPutSign,
refPriceStar1, refPriceStar2, kStar, volStar1, volStar2, correlation);
// The option itself cannot be worth less than zero (for long positions).
// However, due to that the Bjerksund & Stensland is a type of non-optimal exercise, it is possible to end up with negative PV via
// its pricing formula.
pv.AssignMax(pv, 0.0);
// Discount payment made at settlement date
pv.MultiplyBy(fScale * fDiscountRate.Get(tgi.T, fTimeToSettlement));
}
// Cash settlement at settlement date
if (tgi.T == fTimeToSettlement && accumulator != null && !accumulator.Ignore)
{
accumulator.Accumulate(fFxPayoffRate, tgi.Date, pv);
}
result.AppendVector(tgi.Date, pv * fFxPayoffRate.Get(tgi.T));
}
result.Complete(fT);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Vector valuation function.
/// </summary>
public override void Value(ValuationResults valuationResults, PriceFactorList factors, BaseTimeGrid baseTimes)
{
PreValue(factors);
TimeGridIterator tgi = new TimeGridIterator(fT);
PVProfiles result = valuationResults.Profile;
CashAccumulators accumulator = valuationResults.Cash;
DealCreditLinkedNoteBase deal = (DealCreditLinkedNoteBase)fDeal;
ISurvivalProb SP = GetSurvivalProbability(factors);
RecoveryRate RR = GetRecoveryRate(factors);
CreditRating CR = GetCreditRating(factors);
double tEffective = CalcUtils.DaysToYears(deal.Effective_Date - factors.BaseDate);
double scale = (deal.Buy_Sell == BuySell.Buy) ? +deal.Notional_Amount : -deal.Notional_Amount;
double purchasePrice = Percentage.PercentagePoint * deal.Price;
double couponRate = (deal.Coupon_Type == InterestRateType.Fixed) ? Percentage.PercentagePoint * deal.Coupon_Rate : 0.0;
double couponSpread = (deal.Coupon_Type == InterestRateType.Fixed) ? 0.0 : BasisPoint.BasisPointValue * deal.Coupon_Spread;
double indexTenor = (deal.Index_Tenor > 0.0) ? deal.Index_Tenor : deal.Coupon_Interval;
using (var cache = Vector.Cache(factors.NumScenarios))
{
bool[] hasDefaulted = (Respect_Default == YesNo.Yes) ? new bool[factors.NumScenarios] : null;
Vector defaultTime = (Respect_Default == YesNo.Yes) ? cache.Get() : null;
Vector historicalRecovery = (Respect_Default == YesNo.Yes) ? cache.GetClear() : null;
if (hasDefaulted != null && CR != null)
{
DefaultTime(defaultTime, CR);
}
Vector npv = cache.Get();
Vector cash = cache.Get();
Vector pStart = cache.Get();
Vector pEnd = cache.Get();
Vector amount = cache.Get();
Vector recovery = cache.Get();
Vector dfLast = cache.Get();
Vector df = cache.Get();
cash.Clear();
var defaultedBeforeTheBaseDate = Respect_Default == YesNo.Yes &&
CreditRating.DefaultedBeforeBaseDate(CR, factors.BaseDate);
while (tgi.Next())
{
if (defaultedBeforeTheBaseDate)
{
npv.Clear();
result.AppendVector(tgi.Date, npv);
break;
}
if (!deal.Principal_Guaranteed && Respect_Default == YesNo.Yes)
{
RealizedRecoveryRate(recovery, RR, tgi.T);
}
// Assume defaults are rare and start by valuing under all scenarios without realized defaults
// Value of principal repayment
SurvivalProbability(pEnd, factors, SP, tgi.T, fT.fLast);
fDiscountRate.GetValue(dfLast, tgi.T, fT.fLast);
if (deal.Principal_Guaranteed)
{
npv.Assign(dfLast);
}
else
{
npv.Assign(dfLast * pEnd);
}
if (accumulator != null && tgi.T == fT.fLast)
{
cash.Assign(npv);
}
// Value of coupons
for (int i = PayDates.Count - 1; i >= 0 && tgi.Date <= PayDates[i]; --i)
{
double tPay = CalcUtils.DaysToYears(PayDates[i] - factors.BaseDate);
double tReset = CalcUtils.DaysToYears(ResetDates[i] - factors.BaseDate);
double tPrevious = Math.Max(tgi.T, tReset);
SurvivalProbability(pStart, factors, SP, tgi.T, tPrevious);
if (deal.Coupon_Type == InterestRateType.Floating)
{
// Forecast a coupon, add the spread
InterestRateUtils.LiborRate(amount, fForecastRate, tgi.T, tReset, tReset, tReset + indexTenor, deal.Index_Day_Count);
amount.Add(couponSpread);
amount.MultiplyBy(Accruals[i]);
}
else
{
// Fixed coupon
amount.Assign(couponRate * Accruals[i]);
}
// The value of the coupon if no default
npv.Add(amount * fDiscountRate.Get(tgi.T, tPay) * pEnd);
if (accumulator != null && tgi.T == tPay)
{
cash.Assign(amount);
}
// The recovery value on default - assume guaranteed principal paid at end, recovery paid immediately
if (!deal.Principal_Guaranteed)
{
npv.Add(fDiscountRate.Get(tgi.T, 0.5 * (tPay + tPrevious)) * (pStart - pEnd) * PricingRecoveryRate(SP));
}
pEnd.DestructiveAssign(pStart);
}
// Now check for realized default scenario by scenario, overwriting NPV and cash as appropriate
if (Respect_Default == YesNo.Yes && defaultTime != null)
{
if (tgi.T < tEffective)
{
fDiscountRate.GetValue(df, tgi.T, tEffective);
}
for (int i = 0; i < npv.Count; ++i)
{
if (defaultTime[i] > tgi.T)
{
continue;
}
if (deal.Principal_Guaranteed)
{
npv[i] = dfLast[i]; // full principal paid at maturity
}
else
{
if (!hasDefaulted[i])
{
historicalRecovery[i] = recovery[i]; // record the historical recovery rate
}
if (tgi.T < tEffective)
{
npv[i] = df[i] * historicalRecovery[i]; // The discounted recovery value of the principal will be paid out on the effective date
}
else if (tgi.T == tEffective || !hasDefaulted[i])
{
npv[i] = historicalRecovery[i]; // The full recovery amount is paid out
}
else
{
npv[i] = 0.0; // default is in the past but we are after effective date; settlement has already occurred.
}
}
hasDefaulted[i] = true;
}
}
// Value of purchase price
if (tgi.T < tEffective)
{
npv.Add(-purchasePrice * fDiscountRate.Get(tgi.T, tEffective));
}
else if (tgi.T == tEffective)
{
npv.Add(-purchasePrice);
if (accumulator != null)
{
cash.Add(-purchasePrice);
}
}
result.AppendVector(tgi.Date, scale * npv * fFxRate.Get(tgi.T));
if (accumulator != null)
{
accumulator.Accumulate(fFxRate, tgi.Date, scale * cash);
}
}
// After maturity
result.Complete(fT);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Aggregate the valuation profile onto a set of result curves to support result partitioning.
/// </summary>
protected override void ProcessResults(ValuationResults valResults, DealPartitionAssociations assoc, PriceFactorList factors, BaseTimeGrid baseTimes, ValuationOptions options, int partition)
{
var pvProfiles = valResults.Results <PVProfiles>();
var addOnProfiles = valResults.Results <AddOnProfiles>();
var positiveMtmProfiles = valResults.Results <PositiveMtmProfiles>();
Debug.Assert(addOnProfiles != null, "No Add-On profiles. Cannot proceed with valuation.");
Debug.Assert(positiveMtmProfiles != null, "No Positive mtM profiles. Cannot proceed with valuation.");
fT = Deal.ValuationGrid(factors, baseTimes, Deal.EndDate());
var tgi = new TimeGridIterator(fT);
var nettedExposure = new PVProfiles(factors.NumScenarios);
var collateralExposure = new PVProfiles(factors.NumScenarios);
var addOnsProfile = new PVProfiles(factors.NumScenarios);
var mtmTermProfile = new PVProfiles(factors.NumScenarios);
DealBaselNettingCollateralSet nettingSetDeal = Deal as DealBaselNettingCollateralSet;
bool collateralised = nettingSetDeal.Collateralised == YesNo.Yes;
using (var cache = Vector.Cache(factors.NumScenarios))
{
Vector sumMtm = cache.Get();
Vector sumPositiveMtm = cache.Get();
Vector addOns = cache.Get();
Vector netGrossRatio = cache.Get();
Vector value = cache.Get();
Vector term1 = cache.Get();
Vector term2 = cache.Get();
// Collateral related vectors.
Vector mtmTermStart = cache.Get();
Vector addOnHp = cache.Get();
// Loop to get the netting set exposure.
while (tgi.Next())
{
sumMtm.Clear();
sumPositiveMtm.Clear();
addOns.Clear();
value.Clear();
double date = tgi.Date;
// For MtM Plus Add-On deals PV profiles represents the sum of the MtM profile and Add-On profile.
// Subtract the Add-On profile to recover the MtM profile before flooring.
sumMtm.Assign(VectorMath.Max(pvProfiles[date] - addOnProfiles[date], 0.0));
addOns.Assign(addOnProfiles[date]);
sumPositiveMtm.Assign(positiveMtmProfiles[date]);
netGrossRatio.AssignConditional(sumPositiveMtm > 0, sumMtm / sumPositiveMtm, 0.0);
netGrossRatio.MultiplyBy(this.fNetGrossRatioCorrelation);
netGrossRatio.Add(1 - this.fNetGrossRatioCorrelation);
term2.AssignProduct(addOns, netGrossRatio);
term1.Assign(VectorMath.Max(sumMtm, 0.0));
value.AssignSum(term1, term2);
nettedExposure.AppendVector(date, value);
if (collateralised)
{
mtmTermProfile.AppendVector(date, term1);
addOnsProfile.AppendVector(date, term2);
}
}
nettedExposure.Complete(this.fT);
var exposureResults = valResults.Results <Exposure>();
if (exposureResults != null)
{
exposureResults.Assign(nettedExposure);
}
// Collateral cases.
if (collateralised)
{
mtmTermProfile.Complete(this.fT);
addOnsProfile.Complete(this.fT);
double date = factors.BaseDate;
mtmTermProfile.GetValue(mtmTermStart, date);
addOnsProfile.GetValue(addOnHp, date + nettingSetDeal.Holding_Period);
// Assume we have post haircut collateral.
double collateral = nettingSetDeal.Balance;
double threshold = nettingSetDeal.Threshold;
tgi.Reset();
// Loop to get the netting set exposure.
while (tgi.Next())
{
bool inHoldingPeriod = tgi.T < CalcUtils.DaysToYears(nettingSetDeal.Holding_Period);
CollateralBasel3(mtmTermStart, collateral, addOnHp, threshold, inHoldingPeriod, tgi.Date,
nettedExposure,
collateralExposure);
}
collateralExposure.Complete(this.fT);
if (exposureResults != null)
{
exposureResults.Assign(collateralExposure);
}
}
}
if (options.PartitionCollateralMode != PartitionCollateralMode.Suppress_Collateral_And_Flooring || partition < options.NumTotalPartitions)
{
valResults.FloorResult(assoc.AggregationMode, options);
}
CollateralPlugIn.CollateralBalancesContainer coProfiles = valResults.Results <CollateralPlugIn.CollateralBalancesContainer>();
// Store collateral information according to diagnostic collection rules.
if (coProfiles != null)
{
coProfiles.StoreInformation(this);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculate valuation profiles.
/// </summary>
public override void Value(ValuationResults valuationResults, PriceFactorList factors, BaseTimeGrid baseTimes)
{
PreValue(factors);
TimeGridIterator tgi = new TimeGridIterator(fT);
PVProfiles result = valuationResults.Profile;
CashAccumulators cashAccumulator = valuationResults.Cash;
double baseDate = factors.BaseDate;
CallableStructuredDeal deal = (CallableStructuredDeal)fDeal;
int buySellSign = deal.Buy_Sell == BuySell.Buy ? +1 : -1;
int callPutSign = deal.Option_Type == OptionType.Call ? 1 : -1;
InterestRateOptionPricer optionPricer = CreateOptionPricer(factors);
CalcUtils.CreateDealProfilesIfRequired(valuationResults, fItems, factors);
bool needRating = Respect_Default == YesNo.Yes && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(deal.Issuer);
using (var cache = Vector.Cache(factors.NumScenarios))
{
Vector exercised = cache.GetClear(); // vector taking value 0 or 1 indicating exercise before tgi.date
Vector exercisedToday = cache.Get(); // vector taking value 0 or 1 indicating exercise at tgi.date
Vector optionPv = cache.Get();
Vector pv = cache.Get();
Vector cash = cache.Get();
Vector settlementDateAtExercise = cache.GetClear();
Vector defaultDate = needRating ? cache.Get(CalcUtils.DateTimeMaxValueAsDouble) : null;
var defaultedBeforeBaseDate = needRating &&
CreditRating.DefaultedBeforeBaseDate(fCreditRating, baseDate);
while (tgi.Next())
{
if (defaultedBeforeBaseDate)
{
pv.Clear();
result.AppendVector(tgi.Date, pv);
break;
}
if (needRating)
{
UpdateDefaultDate(fCreditRating, tgi.Date, tgi.T, defaultDate);
}
double val;
bool allExercised = exercised.AllElementsTheSame(out val) && val == 1.0;
if (deal.Settlement_Style == SettlementType2.Physical)
{
// Calculate value of option (option value is zero after last exercise date)
if (!allExercised)
{
optionPricer.Value(baseDate, tgi.Date, optionPv, exercised, exercisedToday, settlementDateAtExercise, defaultDate);
}
// Calculate value of underlying cashflows after settlementDateAtExercise
pv.Clear();
cash.Clear();
InterestRateOptionPricer.ValueDeals(fItems, pv, cash, baseDate, tgi.Date, settlementDateAtExercise, defaultDate, fDiscountRate, fForecastRate, fRepoRate, fInterestRateVol, fInterestYieldVol, fSurvivalProb, fRecoveryRate);
pv.MultiplyBy(callPutSign);
cash.MultiplyBy(callPutSign);
if (!allExercised)
{
// If exercised today the cashflow is the value of the option minus the value of the physically settled part
// Else if already exercised, cash is the unnderlying cash.
// Else (before exercise) there is no cash.
cash.AssignConditional(exercisedToday, optionPv - pv, exercised * cash);
// If already exercised, pv is the unnderlying pv.
// Else (before exercise or exercised today), pv is the option pv.
pv.AssignConditional(exercised, pv, optionPv);
pv.AssignConditional(exercisedToday, optionPv, pv);
}
}
else
{
if (allExercised)
{
// Already exercised on all scenarios
result.AppendZeroVector(tgi.Date);
continue;
}
if (deal.Settlement_Style == SettlementType2.Cash)
{
// Calculate value of option
optionPricer.Value(baseDate, tgi.Date, pv, exercised, exercisedToday, settlementDateAtExercise, defaultDate);
// If exercised today then option pv is settled today, otherwise there is no cash
cash.AssignProduct(pv, exercisedToday);
}
else // Embedded option (callable or puttable)
{
// Calculate underlying value
pv.Clear();
cash.Clear();
InterestRateOptionPricer.ValueDeals(fItems, pv, cash, baseDate, tgi.Date, null, defaultDate, fDiscountRate, fForecastRate, fRepoRate, fInterestRateVol, fInterestYieldVol, fSurvivalProb, fRecoveryRate);
// Calculate value of option
optionPricer.Value(baseDate, tgi.Date, optionPv, exercised, exercisedToday, settlementDateAtExercise, defaultDate);
// Add or subtract value of embedded option
pv.AddProduct(-callPutSign, optionPv);
// Option payoff is Max(callPutSign * (underlyingPv - accruedInterest - discountedFee), 0)
// Callable/puttable payoff on exercise is
// underlyingPv - callPutSign * (callPutSign * (underlyingPv - accruedInterest - discountedFee))
// = accruedInterest + discountedFee
// Set pv and cash to zero if already exercised.
// If exercised today then the pv is settled today.
pv.AssignConditional(exercised, exercisedToday * pv, pv);
cash.AssignConditional(exercised, exercisedToday * pv, cash);
}
}
pv.MultiplyBy(buySellSign);
cash.MultiplyBy(buySellSign);
result.AppendVector(tgi.Date, fFxRate.Get(tgi.T) * pv);
cashAccumulator.Accumulate(fFxRate, tgi.Date, cash);
}
}
result.Complete(fT);
}