//calculates the modular sum of each bool[] in nums which represents a number in binary
public static bool[] CalcSum(bool[][] nums)
{
if (nums.Length == 1)
{
return(nums[0]);
}
bool[] total = nums[0];
for (int i = 1; i < nums.Length; i++)
{
total = PathCutthroat.ModAdd(total, nums[i]);
}
return(total);
}
//finds the maximum number in nums where each bool[] in nums represents a binary number
public static int FindMax(bool[][] nums)
{
int index = 0;
int num = PathCutthroat.FromBinArray(nums[index]);
for (int i = 1; i < nums.Length; i++)
{
int numCheck = PathCutthroat.FromBinArray(nums[i]);
if (num < numCheck)
{
index = i;
num = numCheck;
}
}
return(index);
}
//calculates the modular sum of each bool[] in nums except for nums[notIndex]
public static bool[] CalcSumOthers(bool[][] nums, int notIndex)
{
if (nums.Length == 1 && notIndex == 0)
{
return(new bool[1]);
}
bool[] total = (notIndex != 0) ? nums[0] : nums[1];
for (int i = ((notIndex != 0) ? 1 : 2); i < nums.Length; i++)
{
if (i != notIndex)
{
total = PathCutthroat.ModAdd(total, nums[i]);
}
}
return(total);
}
public static void Main()
{
//display instructions
Console.Out.WriteLine("Welcome to the game of Path Cutthroat!\nYou will take turns with the computer removing vertices and their edges from a path.\nIf a vertex loses all of its neighbors, then that vertex will dissapear too.\nThe player to remove the last vertex wins!");
//retrieve game size (in valid format)
int size = 0;
bool number;
do
{
number = true;
Console.Out.Write("\nHow many vertices will you play with? ");
try
{
size = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
}
catch (FormatException e)
{
number = false;
}
} while (!number || size < 1);
//initialize grunds as is done in PathCutthroat
grunds = PathCutthroat.CalcGrunds(size);
//initialize pieces with a Path the size of the game
pieces = new List <Path>();
pieces.Add(new Path(1, size));
InitDisplay(size);
//playerTurn true if it is the player's turn, this will be used to determine who wins
bool playerTurn = true;
//while the game is not over
while (pieces.Count > 0)
{
playerTurn = true;
//retrieve the player's move (in valid format)
int move = 0;
do
{
number = true;
Console.Out.Write("Which vertex will you remove? ");
try
{
move = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
}
catch (FormatException e)
{
number = false;
}
} while (!number || move < 1 || move > size || !display[2 * move - 2]); //true only when the player's input is invalid
Turn(move);
//if the game is over, break
if (pieces.Count == 0)
{
break;
}
//computer's turn
playerTurn = false;
move = CalcMove();
Console.Out.WriteLine("The computer removes vertex " + move + ".");
Turn(move);
}
//write end message
Console.Out.WriteLine((playerTurn) ? "Congratulations! You played perfectly." : "Sorry, you lost.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
//calculate a winning move if one exists, otherwise just choose the first vertex of the first piece in pieces
public static int CalcMove()
{
//piles represents the grundy numbers of the sizes of each Path in pieces, in binary
bool[][] piles = new bool[pieces.Count][];
for (int i = 0; i < pieces.Count; i++)
{
piles[i] = PathCutthroat.ToBinArray(grunds[pieces[i].Size()]);
}
//totalSum is the sum of all numbers in piles without carry-over
bool[] totalSum = CalcSum(piles);
//endAt is the largest index in totalSum to hold a 1 (true)
int endAt;
for (endAt = totalSum.Length - 1; endAt >= 0; endAt--)
{
if (totalSum[endAt] == true)
{
break;
}
}
//endAt == -1 only if there is no winning move (i.e. totalSum == 0) and so return the first vertex of the first piece in pieces
if (endAt == -1)
{
return(pieces[0].Front());
}
//coorPiles stores the binary numbers in piles truncated at the index endAt
bool[][] coorPiles = new bool[pieces.Count][];
for (int i = 0; i < pieces.Count; i++)
{
bool[] p = piles[i];
coorPiles[i] = new bool[Math.Min(endAt + 1, p.Length)];
for (int j = 0; j < p.Length && j <= endAt; j++)
{
coorPiles[i][j] = p[j];
}
}
//the optimal move is to remove from the Path that corresponds to the max number in coorPiles
int targetIndex = FindMax(coorPiles);
//the optimal move is to make the targetIndex Path have the grundy number of the sum of all the other Paths (without carry-over)
//first calculate what this sum is for the truncated numbers (coorPiles) since it is already equal to the sum for all places above since they were zero
int lowerTargetVal = PathCutthroat.FromBinArray(CalcSumOthers(coorPiles, targetIndex));
//diff stores the change that needs to happen to pieces[targetIndex] in terms of grundy numbers
int diff = PathCutthroat.FromBinArray(coorPiles[targetIndex]) - lowerTargetVal;
//targetVal then stores the grundy number that pieces[targetVal] must have (as an optimal move)
int targetVal = PathCutthroat.FromBinArray(piles[targetIndex]) - diff;
//Need to split pieces[targetIndex] so that the two paths sum to targetVal in grundy value
//splitter will store the index of what needs to be removed in pieces[targetValue] where 0 is the front
int splitter = 0;
int n = pieces[targetIndex].Size();
for (int i = 0; i < n / 2 + 1; i++)
{
//when i is found such that it splits pieces[targetIndex] into two piles equivalent to a nim pile of targetVal, set splitter to i and break
if (PathCutthroat.ModAdd(grunds[i], grunds[n - i - 1]) == targetVal)
{
splitter = i;
break;
}
}
//splitter stores how far into pieces[targetIndex] the vertex to be removed is
return(pieces[targetIndex].Front() + splitter);
}