private bool TryMergeCellQueries(
CellTreeOpType opType,
ref CellTreeNode node1,
CellTreeNode node2)
{
LeafCellTreeNode leafCellTreeNode1 = node1 as LeafCellTreeNode;
LeafCellTreeNode leafCellTreeNode2 = node2 as LeafCellTreeNode;
CellQuery mergedQuery1;
CellQuery mergedQuery2;
if (!CellTreeSimplifier.TryMergeTwoCellQueries(leafCellTreeNode1.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery, leafCellTreeNode2.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery, opType, out mergedQuery1) || !CellTreeSimplifier.TryMergeTwoCellQueries(leafCellTreeNode1.LeftCellWrapper.LeftCellQuery, leafCellTreeNode2.LeftCellWrapper.LeftCellQuery, opType, out mergedQuery2))
{
return(false);
}
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, opType);
opCellTreeNode.Add(node1);
opCellTreeNode.Add(node2);
if (opType != CellTreeOpType.FOJ)
{
;
}
LeftCellWrapper cellWrapper = new LeftCellWrapper(this.m_viewgenContext.ViewTarget, opCellTreeNode.Attributes, opCellTreeNode.LeftFragmentQuery, mergedQuery2, mergedQuery1, this.m_viewgenContext.MemberMaps, leafCellTreeNode1.LeftCellWrapper.Cells.Concat <Cell>(leafCellTreeNode2.LeftCellWrapper.Cells));
node1 = (CellTreeNode) new LeafCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, cellWrapper, opCellTreeNode.RightFragmentQuery);
return(true);
}
private CellTreeNode IsolateUnions(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
if (rootNode.Children.Count <= 1)
{
return(rootNode);
}
for (int index = 0; index < rootNode.Children.Count; ++index)
{
rootNode.Children[index] = this.IsolateUnions(rootNode.Children[index]);
}
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode1 = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.Union);
ModifiableIteratorCollection <CellTreeNode> iteratorCollection = new ModifiableIteratorCollection <CellTreeNode>((IEnumerable <CellTreeNode>)rootNode.Children);
while (!iteratorCollection.IsEmpty)
{
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode2 = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
CellTreeNode child = iteratorCollection.RemoveOneElement();
opCellTreeNode2.Add(child);
foreach (CellTreeNode element in iteratorCollection.Elements())
{
if (!this.IsDisjoint((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode2, element))
{
opCellTreeNode2.Add(element);
iteratorCollection.RemoveCurrentOfIterator();
iteratorCollection.ResetIterator();
}
}
opCellTreeNode1.Add((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode2);
}
return(opCellTreeNode1.Flatten());
}
// requires: node1 and node2 are two children of the same parent
// connected by opType
// effects: Given two cell tree nodes, node1 and node2, runs the
// TM/SP rule on them to merge them (if they belong to the same
// extent). Returns true if the merge succeeds
private bool TryMergeCellQueries(
CellTreeOpType opType, ref CellTreeNode node1,
CellTreeNode node2)
{
var leaf1 = node1 as LeafCellTreeNode;
var leaf2 = node2 as LeafCellTreeNode;
Debug.Assert(leaf1 != null, "Merge only possible on leaf nodes (1)");
Debug.Assert(leaf2 != null, "Merge only possible on leaf nodes (2)");
CellQuery mergedLeftCellQuery;
CellQuery mergedRightCellQuery;
if (
!TryMergeTwoCellQueries(
leaf1.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery, leaf2.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery, opType, out mergedRightCellQuery))
{
return(false);
}
if (
!TryMergeTwoCellQueries(
leaf1.LeftCellWrapper.LeftCellQuery, leaf2.LeftCellWrapper.LeftCellQuery, opType, out mergedLeftCellQuery))
{
return(false);
}
// Create a temporary node and add the two children
// so that we can get the merged selectiondomains and attributes
// Note that temp.SelectionDomain below determines the domain
// based on the opType, e.g., for IJ, it intersects the
// multiconstants of all the children
var temp = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, opType);
temp.Add(node1);
temp.Add(node2);
// Note: We are losing the original cell number information here and the line number information
// But we will not raise any
// We do not create CellExpressions with LOJ, FOJ - canBooleansOverlap is true for validation
var inputOpType = opType;
if (opType == CellTreeOpType.FOJ ||
opType == CellTreeOpType.LOJ)
{
inputOpType = CellTreeOpType.IJ;
}
var wrapper = new LeftCellWrapper(
m_viewgenContext.ViewTarget, temp.Attributes,
temp.LeftFragmentQuery,
mergedLeftCellQuery,
mergedRightCellQuery,
m_viewgenContext.MemberMaps,
leaf1.LeftCellWrapper.Cells.Concat(leaf2.LeftCellWrapper.Cells));
node1 = new LeafCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, wrapper, temp.RightFragmentQuery);
return(true);
}
internal override CellTreeNode VisitTerm(TermExpr <DomainConstraint <BoolLiteral, Constant> > expression)
{
var oneOf = (MemberRestriction)expression.Identifier.Variable.Identifier;
var range = expression.Identifier.Range;
// create a disjunction
var disjunctionNode = new OpCellTreeNode(_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.Union);
CellTreeNode singleNode = null;
foreach (var value in range)
{
if (TryGetCellTreeNode(oneOf.RestrictedMemberSlot.MemberPath, value, out singleNode))
{
disjunctionNode.Add(singleNode);
}
// else, there is no rewriting for this member value, i.e., it is empty
}
switch (disjunctionNode.Children.Count)
{
case 0:
return(null); // empty rewriting
case 1:
return(singleNode);
default:
return(disjunctionNode);
}
}
internal override CellTreeNode VisitTerm(
TermExpr <DomainConstraint <BoolLiteral, Constant> > expression)
{
MemberRestriction identifier = (MemberRestriction)expression.Identifier.Variable.Identifier;
Set <Constant> range = expression.Identifier.Range;
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this._viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.Union);
CellTreeNode singleNode = (CellTreeNode)null;
foreach (Constant constant in range)
{
if (this.TryGetCellTreeNode(identifier.RestrictedMemberSlot.MemberPath, constant, out singleNode))
{
opCellTreeNode.Add(singleNode);
}
}
switch (opCellTreeNode.Children.Count)
{
case 0:
return((CellTreeNode)null);
case 1:
return(singleNode);
default:
return((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode);
}
}
private CellTreeNode SimplifyTreeByMergingNodes(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
if (rootNode is LeafCellTreeNode)
{
return(rootNode);
}
rootNode = this.RestructureTreeForMerges(rootNode);
List <CellTreeNode> children = rootNode.Children;
for (int index = 0; index < children.Count; ++index)
{
children[index] = this.SimplifyTreeByMergingNodes(children[index]);
}
bool flag1 = CellTreeNode.IsAssociativeOp(rootNode.OpType);
List <CellTreeNode> cellTreeNodeList = !flag1?CellTreeSimplifier.GroupNonAssociativeLeafChildren(children) : CellTreeSimplifier.GroupLeafChildrenByExtent(children);
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
CellTreeNode node1 = (CellTreeNode)null;
bool flag2 = false;
foreach (CellTreeNode node2 in cellTreeNodeList)
{
if (node1 == null)
{
node1 = node2;
}
else
{
bool flag3 = false;
if (!flag2 && node1.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Leaf && node2.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Leaf)
{
flag3 = this.TryMergeCellQueries(rootNode.OpType, ref node1, node2);
}
if (!flag3)
{
opCellTreeNode.Add(node1);
node1 = node2;
if (!flag1)
{
flag2 = true;
}
}
}
}
opCellTreeNode.Add(node1);
return(opCellTreeNode.AssociativeFlatten());
}
// effects: Determines if the childNode can be added as a child of the
// groupNode using te operation "opTypeToIsolate". E.g., if
// opTypeToIsolate is inner join, we can add child to group node if
// childNode and groupNode have the same multiconstantsets, i.e., they have
// the same selection condition
// Modifies groupNode to contain groupNode at the appropriate
// position (for LOJs, the child could be added to the beginning)
private bool TryAddChildToGroup(
CellTreeOpType opTypeToIsolate, CellTreeNode childNode,
OpCellTreeNode groupNode)
{
switch (opTypeToIsolate)
{
case CellTreeOpType.IJ:
// For Inner join, the constants of the node and
// the child must be the same, i.e., if the cells
// are producing exactly same tuples (same selection)
if (IsEquivalentTo(childNode, groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return(true);
}
break;
case CellTreeOpType.LOJ:
// If one cell's selection condition subsumes
// another, we can use LOJ. We need to check for
// "subsumes" on both sides
if (IsContainedIn(childNode, groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return(true);
}
else if (IsContainedIn(groupNode, childNode))
{
// child subsumes the whole group -- add it first
groupNode.AddFirst(childNode);
return(true);
}
break;
case CellTreeOpType.Union:
// If the selection conditions are disjoint, we can use UNION ALL
// We cannot use active domain here; disjointness is guaranteed only
// if we check the entire selection domain
if (IsDisjoint(childNode, groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return(true);
}
break;
}
return(false);
}
private bool TryAddChildToGroup(
CellTreeOpType opTypeToIsolate,
CellTreeNode childNode,
OpCellTreeNode groupNode)
{
switch (opTypeToIsolate)
{
case CellTreeOpType.Union:
if (this.IsDisjoint(childNode, (CellTreeNode)groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return(true);
}
break;
case CellTreeOpType.LOJ:
if (this.IsContainedIn(childNode, (CellTreeNode)groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return(true);
}
if (this.IsContainedIn((CellTreeNode)groupNode, childNode))
{
groupNode.AddFirst(childNode);
return(true);
}
break;
case CellTreeOpType.IJ:
if (this.IsEquivalentTo(childNode, (CellTreeNode)groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return(true);
}
break;
}
return(false);
}
internal CellTreeNode CreateViewExpression()
{
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
foreach (LeftCellWrapper usedCell in this.m_usedCells)
{
LeafCellTreeNode leafCellTreeNode = new LeafCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, usedCell);
opCellTreeNode.Add((CellTreeNode)leafCellTreeNode);
}
CellTreeNode rootNode = this.IsolateByOperator(this.IsolateByOperator(this.IsolateByOperator(this.IsolateUnions(this.GroupByRightExtent((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode)), CellTreeOpType.Union), CellTreeOpType.IJ), CellTreeOpType.LOJ);
if (this.m_viewgenContext.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView)
{
rootNode = this.ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(rootNode);
}
return(rootNode);
}
internal override CellTreeNode VisitAnd(AndExpr <DomainConstraint <BoolLiteral, Constant> > expression)
{
var childrenTrees = AcceptChildren(expression.Children);
var node = new OpCellTreeNode(_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.IJ);
foreach (var childNode in childrenTrees)
{
if (childNode == null)
{
return(null); // unsatisfiable
}
if (childNode != _topLevelTree)
{
node.Add(childNode);
}
}
return(node.Children.Count == 0 ? _topLevelTree : node);
}
// according to case statements, where WHEN ... THEN was replaced by ELSE
private Dictionary <MemberValueBinding, CellTreeNode> CreateMemberValueTrees(bool complementElse)
{
var memberValueTrees = new Dictionary <MemberValueBinding, CellTreeNode>();
foreach (var column in _domainMap.ConditionMembers(_viewgenContext.Extent))
{
var domain = new List <Constant>(_domainMap.GetDomain(column));
// all domain members but the last
var memberCover = new OpCellTreeNode(_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.Union);
for (var i = 0; i < domain.Count; i++)
{
var domainValue = domain[i];
var memberValue = new MemberValueBinding(column, domainValue);
var memberConditionQuery = QueryRewriter.CreateMemberConditionQuery(column, domainValue, _keyAttributes, _domainMap);
Tile <FragmentQuery> rewriting;
if (_viewgenContext.TryGetCachedRewriting(memberConditionQuery, out rewriting))
{
// turn rewriting into a cell tree
var cellTreeNode = QueryRewriter.TileToCellTree(rewriting, _viewgenContext);
memberValueTrees[memberValue] = cellTreeNode;
// collect a union of all domain constants but the last
if (i < domain.Count - 1)
{
memberCover.Add(cellTreeNode);
}
}
else
{
Debug.Fail(String.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "No cached rewriting for {0}={1}", column, domainValue));
}
}
if (complementElse && domain.Count > 1)
{
var lastDomainValue = domain[domain.Count - 1];
var lastMemberValue = new MemberValueBinding(column, lastDomainValue);
memberValueTrees[lastMemberValue] = new OpCellTreeNode(_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.LASJ, _basicView, memberCover);
}
}
return(memberValueTrees);
}
internal CellTreeNode IsolateByOperator(
CellTreeNode rootNode,
CellTreeOpType opTypeToIsolate)
{
List <CellTreeNode> children = rootNode.Children;
if (children.Count <= 1)
{
return(rootNode);
}
for (int index = 0; index < children.Count; ++index)
{
children[index] = this.IsolateByOperator(children[index], opTypeToIsolate);
}
if (rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.FOJ && rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.LOJ || rootNode.OpType == opTypeToIsolate)
{
return(rootNode);
}
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
ModifiableIteratorCollection <CellTreeNode> iteratorCollection = new ModifiableIteratorCollection <CellTreeNode>((IEnumerable <CellTreeNode>)children);
while (!iteratorCollection.IsEmpty)
{
OpCellTreeNode groupNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, opTypeToIsolate);
CellTreeNode child = iteratorCollection.RemoveOneElement();
groupNode.Add(child);
foreach (CellTreeNode element in iteratorCollection.Elements())
{
if (this.TryAddChildToGroup(opTypeToIsolate, element, groupNode))
{
iteratorCollection.RemoveCurrentOfIterator();
if (opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.LOJ)
{
iteratorCollection.ResetIterator();
}
}
}
opCellTreeNode.Add((CellTreeNode)groupNode);
}
return(opCellTreeNode.Flatten());
}
// requires: The tree rooted at cellTreeNode is an FOJ tree of
// LeafCellTreeNodes only, i.e., there is an FOJ node with the
// children being LeafCellTreeNodes
//
// effects: Given a tree rooted at rootNode, ensures that cells
// of the same right extent are placed in their own subtree below
// cellTreeNode. That is, if there are 3 cells of extent A and 2 of
// extent B (i.e., 5 cells with an FOJ on it), the resulting tree has
// an FOJ node with two children -- FOJ nodes. These FOJ nodes have 2
// and 3 children
internal CellTreeNode GroupByRightExtent(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
// A dictionary that maps an extent to the nodes are from that extent
// We want a ref comparer here
var extentMap =
new KeyToListMap <EntitySetBase, LeafCellTreeNode>(EqualityComparer <EntitySetBase> .Default);
// CR_Meek_Low: method can be simplified (Map<Extent, OpCellTreeNode>, populate as you go)
// (becomes self-documenting)
// For each leaf child, find the extent of the child and place it
// in extentMap
foreach (LeafCellTreeNode childNode in rootNode.Children)
{
// A cell may contain P, P.PA -- we return P
// CHANGE_ADYA_FEATURE_COMPOSITION Need to fix for composition!!
var extent = childNode.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery.Extent; // relation or extent to group by
Debug.Assert(extent != null, "Each cell must have a right extent");
// Add the childNode as a child of the FOJ tree for "extent"
extentMap.Add(extent, childNode);
}
// Now go through the extent map and create FOJ nodes for each extent
// Place the nodes for that extent in the newly-created FOJ subtree
// Also add the op node for every node as a child of the final result
var result = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
foreach (var extent in extentMap.Keys)
{
var extentFojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
foreach (var childNode in extentMap.ListForKey(extent))
{
extentFojNode.Add(childNode);
}
result.Add(extentFojNode);
}
// We call Flatten to remove any unnecessary nestings
// where an OpNode has only 1 child.
return(result.Flatten());
}
internal CellTreeNode GroupByRightExtent(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
KeyToListMap <EntitySetBase, LeafCellTreeNode> keyToListMap = new KeyToListMap <EntitySetBase, LeafCellTreeNode>((IEqualityComparer <EntitySetBase>)EqualityComparer <EntitySetBase> .Default);
foreach (LeafCellTreeNode child in rootNode.Children)
{
EntitySetBase extent = child.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery.Extent;
keyToListMap.Add(extent, child);
}
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode1 = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
foreach (EntitySetBase key in keyToListMap.Keys)
{
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode2 = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
foreach (LeafCellTreeNode leafCellTreeNode in keyToListMap.ListForKey(key))
{
opCellTreeNode2.Add((CellTreeNode)leafCellTreeNode);
}
opCellTreeNode1.Add((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode2);
}
return(opCellTreeNode1.Flatten());
}
internal override CellTreeNode VisitAnd(
AndExpr <DomainConstraint <BoolLiteral, Constant> > expression)
{
IEnumerable <CellTreeNode> cellTreeNodes = this.AcceptChildren((IEnumerable <BoolExpr <DomainConstraint <BoolLiteral, Constant> > >)expression.Children);
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this._viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.IJ);
foreach (CellTreeNode child in cellTreeNodes)
{
if (child == null)
{
return((CellTreeNode)null);
}
if (child != this._topLevelTree)
{
opCellTreeNode.Add(child);
}
}
if (opCellTreeNode.Children.Count != 0)
{
return((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode);
}
return(this._topLevelTree);
}
// effects: Given the set of used cells for an extent, returns a
// view to generate that extent
internal CellTreeNode CreateViewExpression()
{
// Create an initial FOJ group with all the used cells as children
var fojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
// Add all the used cells as children to fojNode. This is a valid
// view for the extent. We later try to optimize it
foreach (var cell in m_usedCells)
{
var cellNode = new LeafCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, cell);
fojNode.Add(cellNode);
}
//rootNode = GroupByNesting(rootNode);
// Group cells by the "right" extent (recall that we are
// generating the view for the left extent) so that cells of the
// same extent are in the same subtree
var rootNode = GroupByRightExtent(fojNode);
// Change some of the FOJs to Unions, IJs and LOJs
rootNode = IsolateUnions(rootNode);
// The isolation with Union is different from IsolateUnions --
// the above isolation finds collections of chidren in a
// node and connects them by union. The below one only considers
// two children at a time
rootNode = IsolateByOperator(rootNode, CellTreeOpType.Union);
rootNode = IsolateByOperator(rootNode, CellTreeOpType.IJ);
rootNode = IsolateByOperator(rootNode, CellTreeOpType.LOJ);
if (m_viewgenContext.ViewTarget
== ViewTarget.QueryView)
{
rootNode = ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(rootNode);
}
return rootNode;
}
private Dictionary <RewritingValidator.MemberValueBinding, CellTreeNode> CreateMemberValueTrees(
bool complementElse)
{
Dictionary <RewritingValidator.MemberValueBinding, CellTreeNode> dictionary = new Dictionary <RewritingValidator.MemberValueBinding, CellTreeNode>();
foreach (MemberPath conditionMember in this._domainMap.ConditionMembers(this._viewgenContext.Extent))
{
List <Constant> constantList = new List <Constant>(this._domainMap.GetDomain(conditionMember));
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode = new OpCellTreeNode(this._viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.Union);
for (int index1 = 0; index1 < constantList.Count; ++index1)
{
Constant domainValue = constantList[index1];
RewritingValidator.MemberValueBinding index2 = new RewritingValidator.MemberValueBinding(conditionMember, domainValue);
Tile <FragmentQuery> rewriting;
if (this._viewgenContext.TryGetCachedRewriting(QueryRewriter.CreateMemberConditionQuery(conditionMember, domainValue, this._keyAttributes, this._domainMap), out rewriting))
{
CellTreeNode cellTree = QueryRewriter.TileToCellTree(rewriting, this._viewgenContext);
dictionary[index2] = cellTree;
if (index1 < constantList.Count - 1)
{
opCellTreeNode.Add(cellTree);
}
}
}
if (complementElse && constantList.Count > 1)
{
Constant constant = constantList[constantList.Count - 1];
RewritingValidator.MemberValueBinding index = new RewritingValidator.MemberValueBinding(conditionMember, constant);
dictionary[index] = (CellTreeNode) new OpCellTreeNode(this._viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.LASJ, new CellTreeNode[2]
{
this._basicView,
(CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode
});
}
}
return(dictionary);
}
// effects: Given the set of used cells for an extent, returns a
// view to generate that extent
internal CellTreeNode CreateViewExpression()
{
// Create an initial FOJ group with all the used cells as children
var fojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
// Add all the used cells as children to fojNode. This is a valid
// view for the extent. We later try to optimize it
foreach (var cell in m_usedCells)
{
var cellNode = new LeafCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, cell);
fojNode.Add(cellNode);
}
//rootNode = GroupByNesting(rootNode);
// Group cells by the "right" extent (recall that we are
// generating the view for the left extent) so that cells of the
// same extent are in the same subtree
var rootNode = GroupByRightExtent(fojNode);
// Change some of the FOJs to Unions, IJs and LOJs
rootNode = IsolateUnions(rootNode);
// The isolation with Union is different from IsolateUnions --
// the above isolation finds collections of chidren in a
// node and connects them by union. The below one only considers
// two children at a time
rootNode = IsolateByOperator(rootNode, CellTreeOpType.Union);
rootNode = IsolateByOperator(rootNode, CellTreeOpType.IJ);
rootNode = IsolateByOperator(rootNode, CellTreeOpType.LOJ);
if (m_viewgenContext.ViewTarget
== ViewTarget.QueryView)
{
rootNode = ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(rootNode);
}
return(rootNode);
}
// requires: cellTreeNode has a tree such that all its intermediate nodes
// are FOJ nodes only
// effects: Converts the tree rooted at rootNode (recursively) in
// following way and returns a new rootNode -- it partitions
// rootNode's children such that no two different partitions have
// any overlapping constants. These partitions are connected by Union
// nodes (since there is no overlapping).
// Note: Method may modify rootNode's contents and children
private CellTreeNode IsolateUnions(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
if (rootNode.Children.Count <= 1)
{
// No partitioning of children needs to be done
return(rootNode);
}
Debug.Assert(rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.FOJ, "So far, we have FOJs only");
// Recursively, transform the subtrees rooted at cellTreeNode's children
for (var i = 0; i < rootNode.Children.Count; i++)
{
// Method modifies input as well
rootNode.Children[i] = IsolateUnions(rootNode.Children[i]);
}
// Different children groups are connected by a Union
// node -- the secltion domain of one group is disjoint from
// another group's selection domain, i.e., group A1 contributes
// tuples to the extent which are disjoint from the tuples by
// A2. So we can connect these groups by union alls.
// Inside each group, we continue to connect children of the same
// group using FOJ
var unionNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.Union);
// childrenSet keeps track of the children that need to be procesed/partitioned
var childrenSet = new ModifiableIteratorCollection <CellTreeNode>(rootNode.Children);
while (false == childrenSet.IsEmpty)
{
// Start a new group
// Make an FOJ node to connect children of the same group
var fojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
// Add one of the root's children as a child to the foj node
var someChild = childrenSet.RemoveOneElement();
fojNode.Add(someChild);
// We now want a transitive closure of the overlap between the
// the children node. We keep checking each child with the
// fojNode and add it as a child of fojNode if there is an
// overlap. Note that when a node is added to the fojNode,
// its constants are propagated to the fojNode -- so we do
// get transitive closure in terms of intersection
foreach (var child in childrenSet.Elements())
{
if (!IsDisjoint(fojNode, child))
{
fojNode.Add(child);
childrenSet.RemoveCurrentOfIterator();
// To ensure that we get all overlapping node, we
// need to restart checking all the children
childrenSet.ResetIterator();
}
}
// Now we have a group of children nodes rooted at
// fojNode. Add this fojNode to the union
unionNode.Add(fojNode);
}
// The union node as the root of the view
var result = unionNode.Flatten();
return(result);
}
// effects: Determines if the childNode can be added as a child of the
// groupNode using te operation "opTypeToIsolate". E.g., if
// opTypeToIsolate is inner join, we can add child to group node if
// childNode and groupNode have the same multiconstantsets, i.e., they have
// the same selection condition
// Modifies groupNode to contain groupNode at the appropriate
// position (for LOJs, the child could be added to the beginning)
private bool TryAddChildToGroup(
CellTreeOpType opTypeToIsolate, CellTreeNode childNode,
OpCellTreeNode groupNode)
{
switch (opTypeToIsolate)
{
case CellTreeOpType.IJ:
// For Inner join, the constants of the node and
// the child must be the same, i.e., if the cells
// are producing exactly same tuples (same selection)
if (IsEquivalentTo(childNode, groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return true;
}
break;
case CellTreeOpType.LOJ:
// If one cell's selection condition subsumes
// another, we can use LOJ. We need to check for
// "subsumes" on both sides
if (IsContainedIn(childNode, groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return true;
}
else if (IsContainedIn(groupNode, childNode))
{
// child subsumes the whole group -- add it first
groupNode.AddFirst(childNode);
return true;
}
break;
case CellTreeOpType.Union:
// If the selection conditions are disjoint, we can use UNION ALL
// We cannot use active domain here; disjointness is guaranteed only
// if we check the entire selection domain
if (IsDisjoint(childNode, groupNode))
{
groupNode.Add(childNode);
return true;
}
break;
}
return false;
}
// requires: opTypeToIsolate must be LOJ, IJ, or Union
// effects: Given a tree rooted at rootNode, determines if there
// are any FOJs that can be replaced by opTypeToIsolate. If so,
// does that and a returns a new tree with the replaced operators
// Note: Method may modify rootNode's contents and children
internal CellTreeNode IsolateByOperator(CellTreeNode rootNode, CellTreeOpType opTypeToIsolate)
{
Debug.Assert(
opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.IJ || opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.LOJ
|| opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.Union,
"IsolateJoins can only be called for IJs, LOJs, and Unions");
var children = rootNode.Children;
if (children.Count <= 1)
{
// No child or one child - do nothing
return rootNode;
}
// Replace the FOJs with IJs/LOJs/Unions in the children's subtrees first
for (var i = 0; i < children.Count; i++)
{
// Method modifies input as well
children[i] = IsolateByOperator(children[i], opTypeToIsolate);
}
// Only FOJs and LOJs can be coverted (to IJs, Unions, LOJs) --
// so if the node is not that, we can ignore it (or if the node is already of
// the same type that we want)
if (rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.FOJ && rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.LOJ
||
rootNode.OpType == opTypeToIsolate)
{
return rootNode;
}
// Create a new node with the same type as the input cell node type
var newRootNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
// We start a new "group" with one of the children X - we create
// a newChildNode with type "opTypeToIsolate". Then we
// determine if any of the remaining children should be in the
// same group as X.
// childrenSet keeps track of the children that need to be procesed/partitioned
var childrenSet = new ModifiableIteratorCollection<CellTreeNode>(children);
// Find groups with same or subsumed constants and create a join
// or union node for them. We do this so that some of the FOJs
// can be replaced by union and join nodes
//
while (false == childrenSet.IsEmpty)
{
// Start a new "group" with some child node (for the opTypeToIsolate node type)
var groupNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, opTypeToIsolate);
var someChild = childrenSet.RemoveOneElement();
groupNode.Add(someChild);
// Go through the remaining children and determine if their
// constants are subsets/equal/disjoint w.r.t the joinNode
// constants.
foreach (var child in childrenSet.Elements())
{
// Check if we can add the child as part of this
// groupNode (with opTypeToIsolate being LOJ, IJ, or Union)
if (TryAddChildToGroup(opTypeToIsolate, child, groupNode))
{
childrenSet.RemoveCurrentOfIterator();
// For LOJ, suppose that child A did not subsume B or
// vice-versa. But child C subsumes both. To ensure
// that we can get A, B, C in the same group, we
// reset the iterator so that when C is added in B's
// loop, we can reconsider A.
//
// For IJ, adding a child to groupNode does not change the range of it,
// so there is no need to reconsider previously skipped children.
//
// For Union, adding a child to groupNode increases the range of the groupNode,
// hence previously skipped (because they weren't disjoint with groupNode) children will continue
// being ignored because they would still have an overlap with one of the nodes inside groupNode.
if (opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.LOJ)
{
childrenSet.ResetIterator();
}
}
}
// The new Union/LOJ/IJ node needs to be connected to the root
newRootNode.Add(groupNode);
}
return newRootNode.Flatten();
}
// requires: The tree rooted at cellTreeNode is an FOJ tree of
// LeafCellTreeNodes only, i.e., there is an FOJ node with the
// children being LeafCellTreeNodes
//
// effects: Given a tree rooted at rootNode, ensures that cells
// of the same right extent are placed in their own subtree below
// cellTreeNode. That is, if there are 3 cells of extent A and 2 of
// extent B (i.e., 5 cells with an FOJ on it), the resulting tree has
// an FOJ node with two children -- FOJ nodes. These FOJ nodes have 2
// and 3 children
internal CellTreeNode GroupByRightExtent(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
// A dictionary that maps an extent to the nodes are from that extent
// We want a ref comparer here
var extentMap =
new KeyToListMap<EntitySetBase, LeafCellTreeNode>(EqualityComparer<EntitySetBase>.Default);
// CR_Meek_Low: method can be simplified (Map<Extent, OpCellTreeNode>, populate as you go)
// (becomes self-documenting)
// For each leaf child, find the extent of the child and place it
// in extentMap
foreach (LeafCellTreeNode childNode in rootNode.Children)
{
// A cell may contain P, P.PA -- we return P
// CHANGE_ADYA_FEATURE_COMPOSITION Need to fix for composition!!
var extent = childNode.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery.Extent; // relation or extent to group by
Debug.Assert(extent != null, "Each cell must have a right extent");
// Add the childNode as a child of the FOJ tree for "extent"
extentMap.Add(extent, childNode);
}
// Now go through the extent map and create FOJ nodes for each extent
// Place the nodes for that extent in the newly-created FOJ subtree
// Also add the op node for every node as a child of the final result
var result = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
foreach (var extent in extentMap.Keys)
{
var extentFojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
foreach (var childNode in extentMap.ListForKey(extent))
{
extentFojNode.Add(childNode);
}
result.Add(extentFojNode);
}
// We call Flatten to remove any unnecessary nestings
// where an OpNode has only 1 child.
return result.Flatten();
}
// effects: Simplifies the tree rooted at rootNode and returns a new
// tree -- it ensures that the returned tree has at most one node for
// any particular extent unless the tree has nodes of the same extent
// embedded two leaves below LASJ or LOJ, e.g., if we have a tree
// (where Ni indicates a node for extent i - one Ni can be different
// from anohter Ni:
// [N0 IJ N1] LASJ N0 --> This will not be simplified
// canBooleansOverlap indicates whether an original input cell
// contributes to multiple nodes in this tree, e.g., V1 IJ V2 UNION V2 IJ V3
private CellTreeNode SimplifyTreeByMergingNodes(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
if (rootNode is LeafCellTreeNode)
{
// View already simple!
return(rootNode);
}
Debug.Assert(
rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.LOJ || rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.IJ ||
rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.FOJ || rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Union ||
rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.LASJ,
"Only handle these operations");
// Before we apply any rule, check if we can improve the opportunity to
// collapse the nodes
rootNode = RestructureTreeForMerges(rootNode);
var children = rootNode.Children;
Debug.Assert(children.Count > 0, "OpCellTreeNode has no children?");
// Apply recursively
for (var i = 0; i < children.Count; i++)
{
children[i] = SimplifyTreeByMergingNodes(children[i]);
}
// Essentially, we have a node with IJ, LOJ, U or FOJ type that
// has some children. Check if some of the children can be merged
// with one another using the corresponding TM/SP rule
// Ops such as IJ, Union and FOJ are associative, i.e., A op (B
// op C) is the same as (A op B) op C. This is not true for LOJ
// and LASJ
var isAssociativeOp = CellTreeNode.IsAssociativeOp(rootNode.OpType);
if (isAssociativeOp)
{
// Group all the leaf cells of an extent together so that we can
// later simply run through them without running nested loops
// We do not do this for LOJ/LASJ nodes since LOJ (LASJ) is not commutative
// (or associative);
children = GroupLeafChildrenByExtent(children);
}
else
{
children = GroupNonAssociativeLeafChildren(children);
}
// childrenSet keeps track of the children that need to be procesed/partitioned
var newNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
CellTreeNode lastChild = null;
var skipRest = false;
foreach (var child in children)
{
if (lastChild == null)
{
// First time in the loop. Just set lastChild
lastChild = child;
continue;
}
var mergedOk = false;
// try to merge lastChild and child
if (false == skipRest &&
lastChild.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Leaf
&&
child.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Leaf)
{
// Both are cell queries. Can try to merge them
// We do not add lastChild since it could merge
// further. It will be added in a later loop or outside the loop
mergedOk = TryMergeCellQueries(rootNode.OpType, ref lastChild, child);
}
if (false == mergedOk)
{
// No merge occurred. Simply add the previous child as it
// is (Note lastChild will be added in the next loop or if
// the loop finishes, outside the loop
newNode.Add(lastChild);
lastChild = child;
if (false == isAssociativeOp)
{
// LOJ is not associative:
// (P loj PA) loj PO != P loj (PA loj PO). The RHS does not have
// Persons who have orders but no addresses
skipRest = true;
}
}
}
newNode.Add(lastChild);
var result = newNode.AssociativeFlatten();
return(result);
}
// effects: Simplifies the tree rooted at rootNode and returns a new
// tree -- it ensures that the returned tree has at most one node for
// any particular extent unless the tree has nodes of the same extent
// embedded two leaves below LASJ or LOJ, e.g., if we have a tree
// (where Ni indicates a node for extent i - one Ni can be different
// from anohter Ni:
// [N0 IJ N1] LASJ N0 --> This will not be simplified
// canBooleansOverlap indicates whether an original input cell
// contributes to multiple nodes in this tree, e.g., V1 IJ V2 UNION V2 IJ V3
private CellTreeNode SimplifyTreeByMergingNodes(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
if (rootNode is LeafCellTreeNode)
{ // View already simple!
return rootNode;
}
Debug.Assert(rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.LOJ || rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.IJ ||
rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.FOJ || rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Union ||
rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.LASJ,
"Only handle these operations");
// Before we apply any rule, check if we can improve the opportunity to
// collapse the nodes
rootNode = RestructureTreeForMerges(rootNode);
List<CellTreeNode> children = rootNode.Children;
Debug.Assert(children.Count > 0, "OpCellTreeNode has no children?");
// Apply recursively
for (int i = 0; i < children.Count; i++)
{
children[i] = SimplifyTreeByMergingNodes(children[i]);
}
// Essentially, we have a node with IJ, LOJ, U or FOJ type that
// has some children. Check if some of the children can be merged
// with one another using the corresponding TM/SP rule
// Ops such as IJ, Union and FOJ are associative, i.e., A op (B
// op C) is the same as (A op B) op C. This is not true for LOJ
// and LASJ
bool isAssociativeOp = CellTreeNode.IsAssociativeOp(rootNode.OpType);
if (isAssociativeOp)
{
// Group all the leaf cells of an extent together so that we can
// later simply run through them without running nested loops
// We do not do this for LOJ/LASJ nodes since LOJ (LASJ) is not commutative
// (or associative);
children = GroupLeafChildrenByExtent(children);
}
else
{
children = GroupNonAssociativeLeafChildren(children);
}
// childrenSet keeps track of the children that need to be procesed/partitioned
OpCellTreeNode newNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
CellTreeNode lastChild = null;
bool skipRest = false;
foreach (CellTreeNode child in children)
{
if (lastChild == null)
{
// First time in the loop. Just set lastChild
lastChild = child;
continue;
}
bool mergedOk = false;
// try to merge lastChild and child
if (false == skipRest && lastChild.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Leaf &&
child.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Leaf)
{
// Both are cell queries. Can try to merge them
// We do not add lastChild since it could merge
// further. It will be added in a later loop or outside the loop
mergedOk = TryMergeCellQueries(rootNode.OpType, ref lastChild, child);
}
if (false == mergedOk)
{
// No merge occurred. Simply add the previous child as it
// is (Note lastChild will be added in the next loop or if
// the loop finishes, outside the loop
newNode.Add(lastChild);
lastChild = child;
if (false == isAssociativeOp)
{
// LOJ is not associative:
// (P loj PA) loj PO != P loj (PA loj PO). The RHS does not have
// Persons who have orders but no addresses
skipRest = true;
}
}
}
newNode.Add(lastChild);
CellTreeNode result = newNode.AssociativeFlatten();
return result;
}
// requires: node1 and node2 are two children of the same parent
// connected by opType
// effects: Given two cell tree nodes, node1 and node2, runs the
// TM/SP rule on them to merge them (if they belong to the same
// extent). Returns true if the merge succeeds
private bool TryMergeCellQueries(CellTreeOpType opType, ref CellTreeNode node1,
CellTreeNode node2)
{
LeafCellTreeNode leaf1 = node1 as LeafCellTreeNode;
LeafCellTreeNode leaf2 = node2 as LeafCellTreeNode;
Debug.Assert(leaf1 != null, "Merge only possible on leaf nodes (1)");
Debug.Assert(leaf2 != null, "Merge only possible on leaf nodes (2)");
CellQuery mergedLeftCellQuery;
CellQuery mergedRightCellQuery;
if (!TryMergeTwoCellQueries(leaf1.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery, leaf2.LeftCellWrapper.RightCellQuery, opType, m_viewgenContext.MemberMaps.RightDomainMap, out mergedRightCellQuery))
{
return false;
}
if (!TryMergeTwoCellQueries(leaf1.LeftCellWrapper.LeftCellQuery, leaf2.LeftCellWrapper.LeftCellQuery, opType, m_viewgenContext.MemberMaps.LeftDomainMap, out mergedLeftCellQuery))
{
return false;
}
// Create a temporary node and add the two children
// so that we can get the merged selectiondomains and attributes
// Note that temp.SelectionDomain below determines the domain
// based on the opType, e.g., for IJ, it intersects the
// multiconstants of all the children
OpCellTreeNode temp = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, opType);
temp.Add(node1);
temp.Add(node2);
// Note: We are losing the original cell number information here and the line number information
// But we will not raise any
// We do not create CellExpressions with LOJ, FOJ - canBooleansOverlap is true for validation
CellTreeOpType inputOpType = opType;
if (opType == CellTreeOpType.FOJ || opType == CellTreeOpType.LOJ)
{
inputOpType = CellTreeOpType.IJ;
}
LeftCellWrapper wrapper = new LeftCellWrapper(m_viewgenContext.ViewTarget, temp.Attributes,
temp.LeftFragmentQuery,
mergedLeftCellQuery,
mergedRightCellQuery,
m_viewgenContext.MemberMaps,
leaf1.LeftCellWrapper.Cells.Concat(leaf2.LeftCellWrapper.Cells));
node1 = new LeafCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, wrapper, temp.RightFragmentQuery);
return true;
}
private CellTreeNode ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
// Recursively, transform the subtrees rooted at rootNode's children.
for (var i = 0; i < rootNode.Children.Count; i++)
{
// Method modifies input as well.
rootNode.Children[i] = ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(rootNode.Children[i]);
}
// We rewrite only LOJs.
if (rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.LOJ ||
rootNode.Children.Count < 2)
{
return(rootNode);
}
// Create the resulting LOJ node.
var result = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
// Create working collection for the LOJ children.
var children = new List <CellTreeNode>();
// If rootNode looks something like ((V0 IJ V1) LOJ V2 LOJ V3),
// and it turns out that there are FK associations from V2 or V3 pointing, let's say at V0,
// then we want to rewrite the result as (V1 IJ (V0 LOJ V2 LOJ V3)).
// If we don't do this, then plan compiler won't have a chance to eliminate LOJ V2 LOJ V3.
// Hence, flatten the first child or rootNode if it's IJ, but remember that its parts are driving nodes for the LOJ,
// so that we don't accidentally nest them.
OpCellTreeNode resultIJDriver = null;
HashSet <CellTreeNode> resultIJDriverChildren = null;
if (rootNode.Children[0].OpType
== CellTreeOpType.IJ)
{
// Create empty resultIJDriver node and add it as the first child (driving) into the LOJ result.
resultIJDriver = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.Children[0].OpType);
result.Add(resultIJDriver);
children.AddRange(rootNode.Children[0].Children);
resultIJDriverChildren = new HashSet <CellTreeNode>(rootNode.Children[0].Children);
}
else
{
result.Add(rootNode.Children[0]);
}
// Flatten unions in non-driving nodes: (V0 LOJ (V1 Union V2 Union V3)) -> (V0 LOJ V1 LOJ V2 LOJ V3)
foreach (var child in rootNode.Children.Skip(1))
{
var opNode = child as OpCellTreeNode;
if (opNode != null &&
opNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Union)
{
children.AddRange(opNode.Children);
}
else
{
children.Add(child);
}
}
// A dictionary that maps an extent to the nodes that are from that extent.
// We want a ref comparer here.
var extentMap = new KeyToListMap <EntitySet, LeafCellTreeNode>(EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
// Note that we skip non-leaf nodes (non-leaf nodes don't have FKs) and attach them directly to the result.
foreach (var child in children)
{
var leaf = child as LeafCellTreeNode;
if (leaf != null)
{
EntitySetBase extent = GetLeafNodeTable(leaf);
if (extent != null)
{
extentMap.Add((EntitySet)extent, leaf);
}
}
else
{
if (resultIJDriverChildren != null &&
resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(child))
{
resultIJDriver.Add(child);
}
else
{
result.Add(child);
}
}
}
// We only deal with simple cases - one node per extent, remove the rest from children and attach directly to result.
var nonTrivial = extentMap.KeyValuePairs.Where(m => m.Value.Count > 1).ToArray();
foreach (var m in nonTrivial)
{
extentMap.RemoveKey(m.Key);
foreach (var n in m.Value)
{
if (resultIJDriverChildren != null &&
resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(n))
{
resultIJDriver.Add(n);
}
else
{
result.Add(n);
}
}
}
Debug.Assert(extentMap.KeyValuePairs.All(m => m.Value.Count == 1), "extentMap must map to single nodes only.");
// Walk the extents in extentMap and for each extent build PK -> FK1(PK1), FK2(PK2), ... map
// where PK is the primary key of the left extent, and FKn(PKn) is an FK of a right extent that
// points to the PK of the left extent and is based on the PK columns of the right extent.
// Example:
// table tBaseType(Id int, c1 int), PK = (tBaseType.Id)
// table tDerivedType1(Id int, c2 int), PK1 = (tDerivedType1.Id), FK1 = (tDerivedType1.Id -> tBaseType.Id)
// table tDerivedType2(Id int, c3 int), PK2 = (tDerivedType2.Id), FK2 = (tDerivedType2.Id -> tBaseType.Id)
// Will produce:
// (tBaseType) -> (tDerivedType1, tDerivedType2)
var pkFkMap = new KeyToListMap <EntitySet, EntitySet>(EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
// Also for each extent in extentMap, build another map (extent) -> (LOJ node).
// It will be used to construct the nesting in the next step.
var extentLOJs = new Dictionary <EntitySet, OpCellTreeNode>(EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
foreach (var extentInfo in extentMap.KeyValuePairs)
{
var principalExtent = extentInfo.Key;
foreach (var fkExtent in GetFKOverPKDependents(principalExtent))
{
// Only track fkExtents that are in extentMap.
ReadOnlyCollection <LeafCellTreeNode> nodes;
if (extentMap.TryGetListForKey(fkExtent, out nodes))
{
// Make sure that we are not adding resultIJDriverChildren as FK dependents - we do not want them to get nested.
if (resultIJDriverChildren == null ||
!resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(nodes.Single()))
{
pkFkMap.Add(principalExtent, fkExtent);
}
}
}
var extentLojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.LOJ);
extentLojNode.Add(extentInfo.Value.Single());
extentLOJs.Add(principalExtent, extentLojNode);
}
// Construct LOJ nesting inside extentLOJs based on the information in pkFkMap.
// Also, track nested extents using nestedExtents.
// Example:
// We start with nestedExtents empty extentLOJs as such:
// tBaseType -> LOJ(BaseTypeNode)
// tDerivedType1 -> LOJ(DerivedType1Node)*
// tDerivedType2 -> LOJ(DerivedType2Node)**
// Note that * and ** represent object references. So each time something is nested,
// we don't clone, but nest the original LOJ. When we get to processing the extent of that LOJ,
// we might add other children to that nested LOJ.
// As we walk pkFkMap, we end up with this:
// tBaseType -> LOJ(BaseTypeNode, LOJ(DerivedType1Node)*, LOJ(DerivedType2Node)**)
// tDerivedType1 -> LOJ(DerivedType1Node)*
// tDerivedType2 -> LOJ(DerivedType2Node)**
// nestedExtens = (tDerivedType1, tDerivedType2)
var nestedExtents = new Dictionary <EntitySet, EntitySet>(EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
foreach (var m in pkFkMap.KeyValuePairs)
{
var principalExtent = m.Key;
foreach (var fkExtent in m.Value)
{
OpCellTreeNode fkExtentLOJ;
if (extentLOJs.TryGetValue(fkExtent, out fkExtentLOJ)
&&
// make sure we don't nest twice and we don't create a cycle.
!nestedExtents.ContainsKey(fkExtent) &&
!CheckLOJCycle(fkExtent, principalExtent, nestedExtents))
{
extentLOJs[m.Key].Add(fkExtentLOJ);
nestedExtents.Add(fkExtent, principalExtent);
}
}
}
// Now we need to grab the LOJs that have not been nested and add them to the result.
// All LOJs that have been nested must be somewhere inside the LOJs that have not been nested,
// so they as well end up in the result as part of the unnested ones.
foreach (var m in extentLOJs)
{
if (!nestedExtents.ContainsKey(m.Key))
{
// extentLOJ represents (Vx LOJ Vy LOJ(Vm LOJ Vn)) where Vx is the original node from rootNode.Children or resultIJDriverChildren.
var extentLOJ = m.Value;
if (resultIJDriverChildren != null &&
resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(extentLOJ.Children[0]))
{
resultIJDriver.Add(extentLOJ);
}
else
{
result.Add(extentLOJ);
}
}
}
return(result.Flatten());
}
// requires: opTypeToIsolate must be LOJ, IJ, or Union
// effects: Given a tree rooted at rootNode, determines if there
// are any FOJs that can be replaced by opTypeToIsolate. If so,
// does that and a returns a new tree with the replaced operators
// Note: Method may modify rootNode's contents and children
internal CellTreeNode IsolateByOperator(CellTreeNode rootNode, CellTreeOpType opTypeToIsolate)
{
Debug.Assert(
opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.IJ || opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.LOJ ||
opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.Union,
"IsolateJoins can only be called for IJs, LOJs, and Unions");
var children = rootNode.Children;
if (children.Count <= 1)
{
// No child or one child - do nothing
return(rootNode);
}
// Replace the FOJs with IJs/LOJs/Unions in the children's subtrees first
for (var i = 0; i < children.Count; i++)
{
// Method modifies input as well
children[i] = IsolateByOperator(children[i], opTypeToIsolate);
}
// Only FOJs and LOJs can be coverted (to IJs, Unions, LOJs) --
// so if the node is not that, we can ignore it (or if the node is already of
// the same type that we want)
if (rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.FOJ && rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.LOJ
||
rootNode.OpType == opTypeToIsolate)
{
return(rootNode);
}
// Create a new node with the same type as the input cell node type
var newRootNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
// We start a new "group" with one of the children X - we create
// a newChildNode with type "opTypeToIsolate". Then we
// determine if any of the remaining children should be in the
// same group as X.
// childrenSet keeps track of the children that need to be procesed/partitioned
var childrenSet = new ModifiableIteratorCollection <CellTreeNode>(children);
// Find groups with same or subsumed constants and create a join
// or union node for them. We do this so that some of the FOJs
// can be replaced by union and join nodes
//
while (false == childrenSet.IsEmpty)
{
// Start a new "group" with some child node (for the opTypeToIsolate node type)
var groupNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, opTypeToIsolate);
var someChild = childrenSet.RemoveOneElement();
groupNode.Add(someChild);
// Go through the remaining children and determine if their
// constants are subsets/equal/disjoint w.r.t the joinNode
// constants.
foreach (var child in childrenSet.Elements())
{
// Check if we can add the child as part of this
// groupNode (with opTypeToIsolate being LOJ, IJ, or Union)
if (TryAddChildToGroup(opTypeToIsolate, child, groupNode))
{
childrenSet.RemoveCurrentOfIterator();
// For LOJ, suppose that child A did not subsume B or
// vice-versa. But child C subsumes both. To ensure
// that we can get A, B, C in the same group, we
// reset the iterator so that when C is added in B's
// loop, we can reconsider A.
//
// For IJ, adding a child to groupNode does not change the range of it,
// so there is no need to reconsider previously skipped children.
//
// For Union, adding a child to groupNode increases the range of the groupNode,
// hence previously skipped (because they weren't disjoint with groupNode) children will continue
// being ignored because they would still have an overlap with one of the nodes inside groupNode.
if (opTypeToIsolate == CellTreeOpType.LOJ)
{
childrenSet.ResetIterator();
}
}
}
// The new Union/LOJ/IJ node needs to be connected to the root
newRootNode.Add(groupNode);
}
return(newRootNode.Flatten());
}
// requires: cellTreeNode has a tree such that all its intermediate nodes
// are FOJ nodes only
// effects: Converts the tree rooted at rootNode (recursively) in
// following way and returns a new rootNode -- it partitions
// rootNode's children such that no two different partitions have
// any overlapping constants. These partitions are connected by Union
// nodes (since there is no overlapping).
// Note: Method may modify rootNode's contents and children
private CellTreeNode IsolateUnions(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
if (rootNode.Children.Count <= 1)
{
// No partitioning of children needs to be done
return rootNode;
}
Debug.Assert(rootNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.FOJ, "So far, we have FOJs only");
// Recursively, transform the subtrees rooted at cellTreeNode's children
for (var i = 0; i < rootNode.Children.Count; i++)
{
// Method modifies input as well
rootNode.Children[i] = IsolateUnions(rootNode.Children[i]);
}
// Different children groups are connected by a Union
// node -- the secltion domain of one group is disjoint from
// another group's selection domain, i.e., group A1 contributes
// tuples to the extent which are disjoint from the tuples by
// A2. So we can connect these groups by union alls.
// Inside each group, we continue to connect children of the same
// group using FOJ
var unionNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.Union);
// childrenSet keeps track of the children that need to be procesed/partitioned
var childrenSet = new ModifiableIteratorCollection<CellTreeNode>(rootNode.Children);
while (false == childrenSet.IsEmpty)
{
// Start a new group
// Make an FOJ node to connect children of the same group
var fojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.FOJ);
// Add one of the root's children as a child to the foj node
var someChild = childrenSet.RemoveOneElement();
fojNode.Add(someChild);
// We now want a transitive closure of the overlap between the
// the children node. We keep checking each child with the
// fojNode and add it as a child of fojNode if there is an
// overlap. Note that when a node is added to the fojNode,
// its constants are propagated to the fojNode -- so we do
// get transitive closure in terms of intersection
foreach (var child in childrenSet.Elements())
{
if (!IsDisjoint(fojNode, child))
{
fojNode.Add(child);
childrenSet.RemoveCurrentOfIterator();
// To ensure that we get all overlapping node, we
// need to restart checking all the children
childrenSet.ResetIterator();
}
}
// Now we have a group of children nodes rooted at
// fojNode. Add this fojNode to the union
unionNode.Add(fojNode);
}
// The union node as the root of the view
var result = unionNode.Flatten();
return result;
}
private CellTreeNode ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
for (int index = 0; index < rootNode.Children.Count; ++index)
{
rootNode.Children[index] = this.ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(rootNode.Children[index]);
}
if (rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.LOJ || rootNode.Children.Count < 2)
{
return(rootNode);
}
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode1 = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
List <CellTreeNode> cellTreeNodeList = new List <CellTreeNode>();
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode2 = (OpCellTreeNode)null;
HashSet <CellTreeNode> cellTreeNodeSet = (HashSet <CellTreeNode>)null;
if (rootNode.Children[0].OpType == CellTreeOpType.IJ)
{
opCellTreeNode2 = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, rootNode.Children[0].OpType);
opCellTreeNode1.Add((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode2);
cellTreeNodeList.AddRange((IEnumerable <CellTreeNode>)rootNode.Children[0].Children);
cellTreeNodeSet = new HashSet <CellTreeNode>((IEnumerable <CellTreeNode>)rootNode.Children[0].Children);
}
else
{
opCellTreeNode1.Add(rootNode.Children[0]);
}
foreach (CellTreeNode cellTreeNode in rootNode.Children.Skip <CellTreeNode>(1))
{
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode3 = cellTreeNode as OpCellTreeNode;
if (opCellTreeNode3 != null && opCellTreeNode3.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Union)
{
cellTreeNodeList.AddRange((IEnumerable <CellTreeNode>)opCellTreeNode3.Children);
}
else
{
cellTreeNodeList.Add(cellTreeNode);
}
}
KeyToListMap <EntitySet, LeafCellTreeNode> keyToListMap1 = new KeyToListMap <EntitySet, LeafCellTreeNode>((IEqualityComparer <EntitySet>)EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
foreach (CellTreeNode child in cellTreeNodeList)
{
LeafCellTreeNode leaf = child as LeafCellTreeNode;
if (leaf != null)
{
EntitySetBase leafNodeTable = (EntitySetBase)BasicViewGenerator.GetLeafNodeTable(leaf);
if (leafNodeTable != null)
{
keyToListMap1.Add((EntitySet)leafNodeTable, leaf);
}
}
else if (cellTreeNodeSet != null && cellTreeNodeSet.Contains(child))
{
opCellTreeNode2.Add(child);
}
else
{
opCellTreeNode1.Add(child);
}
}
foreach (KeyValuePair <EntitySet, List <LeafCellTreeNode> > keyValuePair in keyToListMap1.KeyValuePairs.Where <KeyValuePair <EntitySet, List <LeafCellTreeNode> > >((Func <KeyValuePair <EntitySet, List <LeafCellTreeNode> >, bool>)(m => m.Value.Count > 1)).ToArray <KeyValuePair <EntitySet, List <LeafCellTreeNode> > >())
{
keyToListMap1.RemoveKey(keyValuePair.Key);
foreach (LeafCellTreeNode leafCellTreeNode in keyValuePair.Value)
{
if (cellTreeNodeSet != null && cellTreeNodeSet.Contains((CellTreeNode)leafCellTreeNode))
{
opCellTreeNode2.Add((CellTreeNode)leafCellTreeNode);
}
else
{
opCellTreeNode1.Add((CellTreeNode)leafCellTreeNode);
}
}
}
KeyToListMap <EntitySet, EntitySet> keyToListMap2 = new KeyToListMap <EntitySet, EntitySet>((IEqualityComparer <EntitySet>)EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
Dictionary <EntitySet, OpCellTreeNode> dictionary = new Dictionary <EntitySet, OpCellTreeNode>((IEqualityComparer <EntitySet>)EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
foreach (KeyValuePair <EntitySet, List <LeafCellTreeNode> > keyValuePair in keyToListMap1.KeyValuePairs)
{
EntitySet key = keyValuePair.Key;
foreach (EntitySet fkOverPkDependent in BasicViewGenerator.GetFKOverPKDependents(key))
{
ReadOnlyCollection <LeafCellTreeNode> valueCollection;
if (keyToListMap1.TryGetListForKey(fkOverPkDependent, out valueCollection) && (cellTreeNodeSet == null || !cellTreeNodeSet.Contains((CellTreeNode)valueCollection.Single <LeafCellTreeNode>())))
{
keyToListMap2.Add(key, fkOverPkDependent);
}
}
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode3 = new OpCellTreeNode(this.m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.LOJ);
opCellTreeNode3.Add((CellTreeNode)keyValuePair.Value.Single <LeafCellTreeNode>());
dictionary.Add(key, opCellTreeNode3);
}
Dictionary <EntitySet, EntitySet> nestedExtents = new Dictionary <EntitySet, EntitySet>((IEqualityComparer <EntitySet>)EqualityComparer <EntitySet> .Default);
foreach (KeyValuePair <EntitySet, List <EntitySet> > keyValuePair in keyToListMap2.KeyValuePairs)
{
EntitySet key = keyValuePair.Key;
foreach (EntitySet entitySet in keyValuePair.Value)
{
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode3;
if (dictionary.TryGetValue(entitySet, out opCellTreeNode3) && !nestedExtents.ContainsKey(entitySet) && !BasicViewGenerator.CheckLOJCycle(entitySet, key, nestedExtents))
{
dictionary[keyValuePair.Key].Add((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode3);
nestedExtents.Add(entitySet, key);
}
}
}
foreach (KeyValuePair <EntitySet, OpCellTreeNode> keyValuePair in dictionary)
{
if (!nestedExtents.ContainsKey(keyValuePair.Key))
{
OpCellTreeNode opCellTreeNode3 = keyValuePair.Value;
if (cellTreeNodeSet != null && cellTreeNodeSet.Contains(opCellTreeNode3.Children[0]))
{
opCellTreeNode2.Add((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode3);
}
else
{
opCellTreeNode1.Add((CellTreeNode)opCellTreeNode3);
}
}
}
return(opCellTreeNode1.Flatten());
}
private CellTreeNode ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(CellTreeNode rootNode)
{
// Recursively, transform the subtrees rooted at rootNode's children.
for (var i = 0; i < rootNode.Children.Count; i++)
{
// Method modifies input as well.
rootNode.Children[i] = ConvertUnionsToNormalizedLOJs(rootNode.Children[i]);
}
// We rewrite only LOJs.
if (rootNode.OpType != CellTreeOpType.LOJ
|| rootNode.Children.Count < 2)
{
return rootNode;
}
// Create the resulting LOJ node.
var result = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.OpType);
// Create working collection for the LOJ children.
var children = new List<CellTreeNode>();
// If rootNode looks something like ((V0 IJ V1) LOJ V2 LOJ V3),
// and it turns out that there are FK associations from V2 or V3 pointing, let's say at V0,
// then we want to rewrite the result as (V1 IJ (V0 LOJ V2 LOJ V3)).
// If we don't do this, then plan compiler won't have a chance to eliminate LOJ V2 LOJ V3.
// Hence, flatten the first child or rootNode if it's IJ, but remember that its parts are driving nodes for the LOJ,
// so that we don't accidentally nest them.
OpCellTreeNode resultIJDriver = null;
HashSet<CellTreeNode> resultIJDriverChildren = null;
if (rootNode.Children[0].OpType
== CellTreeOpType.IJ)
{
// Create empty resultIJDriver node and add it as the first child (driving) into the LOJ result.
resultIJDriver = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, rootNode.Children[0].OpType);
result.Add(resultIJDriver);
children.AddRange(rootNode.Children[0].Children);
resultIJDriverChildren = new HashSet<CellTreeNode>(rootNode.Children[0].Children);
}
else
{
result.Add(rootNode.Children[0]);
}
// Flatten unions in non-driving nodes: (V0 LOJ (V1 Union V2 Union V3)) -> (V0 LOJ V1 LOJ V2 LOJ V3)
foreach (var child in rootNode.Children.Skip(1))
{
var opNode = child as OpCellTreeNode;
if (opNode != null
&& opNode.OpType == CellTreeOpType.Union)
{
children.AddRange(opNode.Children);
}
else
{
children.Add(child);
}
}
// A dictionary that maps an extent to the nodes that are from that extent.
// We want a ref comparer here.
var extentMap = new KeyToListMap<EntitySet, LeafCellTreeNode>(EqualityComparer<EntitySet>.Default);
// Note that we skip non-leaf nodes (non-leaf nodes don't have FKs) and attach them directly to the result.
foreach (var child in children)
{
var leaf = child as LeafCellTreeNode;
if (leaf != null)
{
EntitySetBase extent = GetLeafNodeTable(leaf);
if (extent != null)
{
extentMap.Add((EntitySet)extent, leaf);
}
}
else
{
if (resultIJDriverChildren != null
&& resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(child))
{
resultIJDriver.Add(child);
}
else
{
result.Add(child);
}
}
}
// We only deal with simple cases - one node per extent, remove the rest from children and attach directly to result.
var nonTrivial = extentMap.KeyValuePairs.Where(m => m.Value.Count > 1).ToArray();
foreach (var m in nonTrivial)
{
extentMap.RemoveKey(m.Key);
foreach (var n in m.Value)
{
if (resultIJDriverChildren != null
&& resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(n))
{
resultIJDriver.Add(n);
}
else
{
result.Add(n);
}
}
}
Debug.Assert(extentMap.KeyValuePairs.All(m => m.Value.Count == 1), "extentMap must map to single nodes only.");
// Walk the extents in extentMap and for each extent build PK -> FK1(PK1), FK2(PK2), ... map
// where PK is the primary key of the left extent, and FKn(PKn) is an FK of a right extent that
// points to the PK of the left extent and is based on the PK columns of the right extent.
// Example:
// table tBaseType(Id int, c1 int), PK = (tBaseType.Id)
// table tDerivedType1(Id int, c2 int), PK1 = (tDerivedType1.Id), FK1 = (tDerivedType1.Id -> tBaseType.Id)
// table tDerivedType2(Id int, c3 int), PK2 = (tDerivedType2.Id), FK2 = (tDerivedType2.Id -> tBaseType.Id)
// Will produce:
// (tBaseType) -> (tDerivedType1, tDerivedType2)
var pkFkMap = new KeyToListMap<EntitySet, EntitySet>(EqualityComparer<EntitySet>.Default);
// Also for each extent in extentMap, build another map (extent) -> (LOJ node).
// It will be used to construct the nesting in the next step.
var extentLOJs = new Dictionary<EntitySet, OpCellTreeNode>(EqualityComparer<EntitySet>.Default);
foreach (var extentInfo in extentMap.KeyValuePairs)
{
var principalExtent = extentInfo.Key;
foreach (var fkExtent in GetFKOverPKDependents(principalExtent))
{
// Only track fkExtents that are in extentMap.
ReadOnlyCollection<LeafCellTreeNode> nodes;
if (extentMap.TryGetListForKey(fkExtent, out nodes))
{
// Make sure that we are not adding resultIJDriverChildren as FK dependents - we do not want them to get nested.
if (resultIJDriverChildren == null
|| !resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(nodes.Single()))
{
pkFkMap.Add(principalExtent, fkExtent);
}
}
}
var extentLojNode = new OpCellTreeNode(m_viewgenContext, CellTreeOpType.LOJ);
extentLojNode.Add(extentInfo.Value.Single());
extentLOJs.Add(principalExtent, extentLojNode);
}
// Construct LOJ nesting inside extentLOJs based on the information in pkFkMap.
// Also, track nested extents using nestedExtents.
// Example:
// We start with nestedExtents empty extentLOJs as such:
// tBaseType -> LOJ(BaseTypeNode)
// tDerivedType1 -> LOJ(DerivedType1Node)*
// tDerivedType2 -> LOJ(DerivedType2Node)**
// Note that * and ** represent object references. So each time something is nested,
// we don't clone, but nest the original LOJ. When we get to processing the extent of that LOJ,
// we might add other children to that nested LOJ.
// As we walk pkFkMap, we end up with this:
// tBaseType -> LOJ(BaseTypeNode, LOJ(DerivedType1Node)*, LOJ(DerivedType2Node)**)
// tDerivedType1 -> LOJ(DerivedType1Node)*
// tDerivedType2 -> LOJ(DerivedType2Node)**
// nestedExtens = (tDerivedType1, tDerivedType2)
var nestedExtents = new Dictionary<EntitySet, EntitySet>(EqualityComparer<EntitySet>.Default);
foreach (var m in pkFkMap.KeyValuePairs)
{
var principalExtent = m.Key;
foreach (var fkExtent in m.Value)
{
OpCellTreeNode fkExtentLOJ;
if (extentLOJs.TryGetValue(fkExtent, out fkExtentLOJ) &&
// make sure we don't nest twice and we don't create a cycle.
!nestedExtents.ContainsKey(fkExtent)
&& !CheckLOJCycle(fkExtent, principalExtent, nestedExtents))
{
extentLOJs[m.Key].Add(fkExtentLOJ);
nestedExtents.Add(fkExtent, principalExtent);
}
}
}
// Now we need to grab the LOJs that have not been nested and add them to the result.
// All LOJs that have been nested must be somewhere inside the LOJs that have not been nested,
// so they as well end up in the result as part of the unnested ones.
foreach (var m in extentLOJs)
{
if (!nestedExtents.ContainsKey(m.Key))
{
// extentLOJ represents (Vx LOJ Vy LOJ(Vm LOJ Vn)) where Vx is the original node from rootNode.Children or resultIJDriverChildren.
var extentLOJ = m.Value;
if (resultIJDriverChildren != null
&& resultIJDriverChildren.Contains(extentLOJ.Children[0]))
{
resultIJDriver.Add(extentLOJ);
}
else
{
result.Add(extentLOJ);
}
}
}
return result.Flatten();
}
