public void CompareTest2() { byte[] data = new byte[] { 1, 179, 114, 132, 233, 117, 195, 250, 164, 35, 157, 48, 170, 96, 87, 111, 42, 137, 195, 199 }; BigInteger a = new BigInteger(data); BigInteger b = new BigInteger(new byte[0]); Assert.AreNotEqual(a, b, "#1"); }
public static BigInteger[] multiByteDivide(BigInteger bi1, BigInteger bi2) { if (Kernel.Compare(bi1, bi2) == Sign.Negative) return new BigInteger[2] { 0, new BigInteger(bi1) }; bi1.Normalize(); bi2.Normalize(); if (bi2.length == 1) return DwordDivMod(bi1, bi2.data[0]); uint remainderLen = bi1.length + 1; int divisorLen = (int)bi2.length + 1; uint mask = 0x80000000; uint val = bi2.data[bi2.length - 1]; int shift = 0; int resultPos = (int)bi1.length - (int)bi2.length; while (mask != 0 && (val & mask) == 0) { shift++; mask >>= 1; } BigInteger quot = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, bi1.length - bi2.length + 1); BigInteger rem = (bi1 << shift); uint[] remainder = rem.data; bi2 = bi2 << shift; int j = (int)(remainderLen - bi2.length); int pos = (int)remainderLen - 1; uint firstDivisorByte = bi2.data[bi2.length - 1]; ulong secondDivisorByte = bi2.data[bi2.length - 2]; while (j > 0) { ulong dividend = ((ulong)remainder[pos] << 32) + (ulong)remainder[pos - 1]; ulong q_hat = dividend / (ulong)firstDivisorByte; ulong r_hat = dividend % (ulong)firstDivisorByte; do { if (q_hat == 0x100000000 || (q_hat * secondDivisorByte) > ((r_hat << 32) + remainder[pos - 2])) { q_hat--; r_hat += (ulong)firstDivisorByte; if (r_hat < 0x100000000) continue; } break; } while (true); // // At this point, q_hat is either exact, or one too large // (more likely to be exact) so, we attempt to multiply the // divisor by q_hat, if we get a borrow, we just subtract // one from q_hat and add the divisor back. // uint t; uint dPos = 0; int nPos = pos - divisorLen + 1; ulong mc = 0; uint uint_q_hat = (uint)q_hat; do { mc += (ulong)bi2.data[dPos] * (ulong)uint_q_hat; t = remainder[nPos]; remainder[nPos] -= (uint)mc; mc >>= 32; if (remainder[nPos] > t) mc++; dPos++; nPos++; } while (dPos < divisorLen); nPos = pos - divisorLen + 1; dPos = 0; // Overestimate if (mc != 0) { uint_q_hat--; ulong sum = 0; do { sum = ((ulong)remainder[nPos]) + ((ulong)bi2.data[dPos]) + sum; remainder[nPos] = (uint)sum; sum >>= 32; dPos++; nPos++; } while (dPos < divisorLen); } quot.data[resultPos--] = (uint)uint_q_hat; pos--; j--; } quot.Normalize(); rem.Normalize(); BigInteger[] ret = new BigInteger[2] { quot, rem }; if (shift != 0) ret[1] >>= shift; return ret; }
public static BigInteger[] DwordDivMod(BigInteger n, uint d) { BigInteger ret = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, n.length); ulong r = 0; uint i = n.length; while (i-- > 0) { r <<= 32; r |= n.data[i]; ret.data[i] = (uint)(r / d); r %= d; } ret.Normalize(); BigInteger rem = (uint)r; return new BigInteger[] { ret, rem }; }
/// <summary> /// Performs n / d and n % d in one operation. /// </summary> /// <param name="n">A BigInteger, upon exit this will hold n / d</param> /// <param name="d">The divisor</param> /// <returns>n % d</returns> public static uint SingleByteDivideInPlace(BigInteger n, uint d) { ulong r = 0; uint i = n.length; while (i-- > 0) { r <<= 32; r |= n.data[i]; n.data[i] = (uint)(r / d); r %= d; } n.Normalize(); return (uint)r; }
public static void PlusEq(BigInteger bi1, BigInteger bi2) { uint[] x, y; uint yMax, xMax, i = 0; bool flag = false; // x should be bigger if (bi1.length < bi2.length) { flag = true; x = bi2.data; xMax = bi2.length; y = bi1.data; yMax = bi1.length; } else { x = bi1.data; xMax = bi1.length; y = bi2.data; yMax = bi2.length; } uint[] r = bi1.data; ulong sum = 0; // Add common parts of both numbers do { sum += ((ulong)x[i]) + ((ulong)y[i]); r[i] = (uint)sum; sum >>= 32; } while (++i < yMax); // Copy remainder of longer number while carry propagation is required bool carry = (sum != 0); if (carry) { if (i < xMax) { do carry = ((r[i] = x[i] + 1) == 0); while (++i < xMax && carry); } if (carry) { r[i] = 1; bi1.length = ++i; return; } } // Copy the rest if (flag && i < xMax - 1) { do r[i] = x[i]; while (++i < xMax); } bi1.length = xMax + 1; bi1.Normalize(); }
public static BigInteger Subtract(BigInteger big, BigInteger small) { BigInteger result = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, big.length); uint[] r = result.data, b = big.data, s = small.data; uint i = 0, c = 0; do { uint x = s[i]; if (((x += c) < c) | ((r[i] = b[i] - x) > ~x)) c = 1; else c = 0; } while (++i < small.length); if (i == big.length) goto fixup; if (c == 1) { do r[i] = b[i] - 1; while (b[i++] == 0 && i < big.length); if (i == big.length) goto fixup; } do r[i] = b[i]; while (++i < big.length); fixup: result.Normalize(); return result; }
public BigInteger Pow(uint b, BigInteger exp) { return Pow(new BigInteger(b), exp); }
public BigInteger Difference(BigInteger a, BigInteger b) { Sign cmp = Kernel.Compare(a, b); BigInteger diff; switch (cmp) { case Sign.Zero: return 0; case Sign.Positive: diff = a - b; break; case Sign.Negative: diff = b - a; break; default: throw new Exception(); } if (diff >= mod) { if (diff.length >= mod.length << 1) diff %= mod; else BarrettReduction(diff); } if (cmp == Sign.Negative) diff = mod - diff; return diff; }
public static BigInteger modInverse(BigInteger bi, BigInteger modulus) { if (modulus.length == 1) return modInverse(bi, modulus.data[0]); BigInteger[] p = { 0, 1 }; BigInteger[] q = new BigInteger[2]; // quotients BigInteger[] r = { 0, 0 }; // remainders int step = 0; BigInteger a = modulus; BigInteger b = bi; ModulusRing mr = new ModulusRing(modulus); while (b != 0) { if (step > 1) { BigInteger pval = mr.Difference(p[0], p[1] * q[0]); p[0] = p[1]; p[1] = pval; } BigInteger[] divret = multiByteDivide(a, b); q[0] = q[1]; q[1] = divret[0]; r[0] = r[1]; r[1] = divret[1]; a = b; b = divret[1]; step++; } if (r[0] != 1) throw (new ArithmeticException("No inverse!")); return mr.Difference(p[0], p[1] * q[0]); }
public static BigInteger gcd(BigInteger a, BigInteger b) { BigInteger x = a; BigInteger y = b; BigInteger g = y; while (x.length > 1) { g = x; x = y % x; y = g; } if (x == 0) return g; // TODO: should we have something here if we can convert to long? // // Now we can just do it with single precision. I am using the binary gcd method, // as it should be faster. // uint yy = x.data[0]; uint xx = y % yy; int t = 0; while (((xx | yy) & 1) == 0) { xx >>= 1; yy >>= 1; t++; } while (xx != 0) { while ((xx & 1) == 0) xx >>= 1; while ((yy & 1) == 0) yy >>= 1; if (xx >= yy) xx = (xx - yy) >> 1; else yy = (yy - xx) >> 1; } return yy << t; }
public static BigInteger MultiplyByDword(BigInteger n, uint f) { BigInteger ret = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, n.length + 1); uint i = 0; ulong c = 0; do { c += (ulong)n.data[i] * (ulong)f; ret.data[i] = (uint)c; c >>= 32; } while (++i < n.length); ret.data[i] = (uint)c; ret.Normalize(); return ret; }
public static BigInteger RightShift(BigInteger bi, int n) { if (n == 0) return new BigInteger(bi); int w = n >> 5; int s = n & ((1 << 5) - 1); BigInteger ret = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, bi.length - (uint)w + 1); uint l = (uint)ret.data.Length - 1; if (s != 0) { uint x, carry = 0; while (l-- > 0) { x = bi.data[l + w]; ret.data[l] = (x >> n) | carry; carry = x << (32 - n); } } else { while (l-- > 0) ret.data[l] = bi.data[l + w]; } ret.Normalize(); return ret; }
public BigInteger(BigInteger bi, uint len) { this.data = new uint[len]; for (uint i = 0; i < bi.length; i++) this.data[i] = bi.data[i]; this.length = bi.length; }
public static BigInteger LeftShift(BigInteger bi, int n) { if (n == 0) return new BigInteger(bi, bi.length + 1); int w = n >> 5; n &= ((1 << 5) - 1); BigInteger ret = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, bi.length + 1 + (uint)w); uint i = 0, l = bi.length; if (n != 0) { uint x, carry = 0; while (i < l) { x = bi.data[i]; ret.data[i + w] = (x << n) | carry; carry = x >> (32 - n); i++; } ret.data[i + w] = carry; } else { while (i < l) { ret.data[i + w] = bi.data[i]; i++; } } ret.Normalize(); return ret; }
public BigInteger(BigInteger bi) { this.data = (uint[])bi.data.Clone(); this.length = bi.length; }
public void BarrettReduction(BigInteger x) { BigInteger n = mod; uint k = n.length, kPlusOne = k + 1, kMinusOne = k - 1; // x < mod, so nothing to do. if (x.length < k) return; BigInteger q3; // // Validate pointers // if (x.data.Length < x.length) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("x out of range"); // q1 = x / b^ (k-1) // q2 = q1 * constant // q3 = q2 / b^ (k+1), Needs to be accessed with an offset of kPlusOne // TODO: We should the method in HAC p 604 to do this (14.45) q3 = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, x.length - kMinusOne + constant.length); Kernel.Multiply(x.data, kMinusOne, x.length - kMinusOne, constant.data, 0, constant.length, q3.data, 0); // r1 = x mod b^ (k+1) // i.e. keep the lowest (k+1) words uint lengthToCopy = (x.length > kPlusOne) ? kPlusOne : x.length; x.length = lengthToCopy; x.Normalize(); // r2 = (q3 * n) mod b^ (k+1) // partial multiplication of q3 and n BigInteger r2 = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, kPlusOne); Kernel.MultiplyMod2p32pmod(q3.data, (int)kPlusOne, (int)q3.length - (int)kPlusOne, n.data, 0, (int)n.length, r2.data, 0, (int)kPlusOne); r2.Normalize(); if (r2 <= x) { Kernel.MinusEq(x, r2); } else { BigInteger val = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, kPlusOne + 1); val.data[kPlusOne] = 0x00000001; Kernel.MinusEq(val, r2); Kernel.PlusEq(x, val); } while (x >= n) Kernel.MinusEq(x, n); }
public BigInteger Multiply(BigInteger a, BigInteger b) { if (a == 0 || b == 0) return 0; if (a > mod) a %= mod; if (b > mod) b %= mod; BigInteger ret = a * b; BarrettReduction(ret); return ret; }
internal BigInteger Xor(BigInteger other) { int len = (int)Math.Min(this.data.Length, other.data.Length); uint[] result = new uint[len]; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) result[i] = this.data[i] ^ other.data[i]; return new BigInteger(result); }
public BigInteger Pow(BigInteger a, BigInteger k) { BigInteger b = new BigInteger(1); if (k == 0) return b; BigInteger A = a; if (k.TestBit(0)) b = a; int bitCount = k.BitCount(); for (int i = 1; i < bitCount; i++) { A = Multiply(A, A); if (k.TestBit(i)) b = Multiply(A, b); } return b; }
internal static BigInteger Pow(BigInteger value, uint p) { BigInteger b = value; for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) value = value * b; return value; }
/// <summary> /// Adds two numbers with the same sign. /// </summary> /// <param name="bi1">A BigInteger</param> /// <param name="bi2">A BigInteger</param> /// <returns>bi1 + bi2</returns> public static BigInteger AddSameSign(BigInteger bi1, BigInteger bi2) { uint[] x, y; uint yMax, xMax, i = 0; // x should be bigger if (bi1.length < bi2.length) { x = bi2.data; xMax = bi2.length; y = bi1.data; yMax = bi1.length; } else { x = bi1.data; xMax = bi1.length; y = bi2.data; yMax = bi2.length; } BigInteger result = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, xMax + 1); uint[] r = result.data; ulong sum = 0; // Add common parts of both numbers do { sum = ((ulong)x[i]) + ((ulong)y[i]) + sum; r[i] = (uint)sum; sum >>= 32; } while (++i < yMax); // Copy remainder of longer number while carry propagation is required bool carry = (sum != 0); if (carry) { if (i < xMax) { do carry = ((r[i] = x[i] + 1) == 0); while (++i < xMax && carry); } if (carry) { r[i] = 1; result.length = ++i; return result; } } // Copy the rest if (i < xMax) { do r[i] = x[i]; while (++i < xMax); } result.Normalize(); return result; }
public static BigInteger operator *(BigInteger bi1, BigInteger bi2) { if (bi1 == 0 || bi2 == 0) return 0; // // Validate pointers // if (bi1.data.Length < bi1.length) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("bi1 out of range"); if (bi2.data.Length < bi2.length) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("bi2 out of range"); BigInteger ret = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, bi1.length + bi2.length); Kernel.Multiply(bi1.data, 0, bi1.length, bi2.data, 0, bi2.length, ret.data, 0); ret.Normalize(); return ret; }
public static void MinusEq(BigInteger big, BigInteger small) { uint[] b = big.data, s = small.data; uint i = 0, c = 0; do { uint x = s[i]; if (((x += c) < c) | ((b[i] -= x) > ~x)) c = 1; else c = 0; } while (++i < small.length); if (i == big.length) goto fixup; if (c == 1) { do b[i]--; while (b[i++] == 0 && i < big.length); } fixup: // Normalize length while (big.length > 0 && big.data[big.length - 1] == 0) big.length--; // Check for zero if (big.length == 0) big.length++; }
public Sign Compare(BigInteger bi) { return Kernel.Compare(this, bi); }
/// <summary> /// Compares two BigInteger /// </summary> /// <param name="bi1">A BigInteger</param> /// <param name="bi2">A BigInteger</param> /// <returns>The sign of bi1 - bi2</returns> public static Sign Compare(BigInteger bi1, BigInteger bi2) { // // Step 1. Compare the lengths // uint l1 = bi1.length, l2 = bi2.length; while (l1 > 0 && bi1.data[l1 - 1] == 0) l1--; while (l2 > 0 && bi2.data[l2 - 1] == 0) l2--; if (l1 == 0 && l2 == 0) return Sign.Zero; // bi1 len < bi2 len if (l1 < l2) return Sign.Negative; // bi1 len > bi2 len else if (l1 > l2) return Sign.Positive; // // Step 2. Compare the bits // uint pos = l1 - 1; while (pos != 0 && bi1.data[pos] == bi2.data[pos]) pos--; if (bi1.data[pos] < bi2.data[pos]) return Sign.Negative; else if (bi1.data[pos] > bi2.data[pos]) return Sign.Positive; else return Sign.Zero; }
public string ToString(uint radix, string characterSet) { if (characterSet.Length < radix) throw new ArgumentException("charSet length less than radix", "characterSet"); if (radix == 1) throw new ArgumentException("There is no such thing as radix one notation", "radix"); if (this == 0) return "0"; if (this == 1) return "1"; string result = ""; BigInteger a = new BigInteger(this); while (a != 0) { uint rem = Kernel.SingleByteDivideInPlace(a, radix); result = characterSet[(int)rem] + result; } return result; }
public static uint DwordMod(BigInteger n, uint d) { ulong r = 0; uint i = n.length; while (i-- > 0) { r <<= 32; r |= n.data[i]; r %= d; } return (uint)r; }
public BigInteger ModPow(BigInteger exp, BigInteger n) { ModulusRing mr = new ModulusRing(n); return mr.Pow(this, exp); }
public ModulusRing(BigInteger modulus) { this.mod = modulus; // calculate constant = b^ (2k) / m uint i = mod.length << 1; constant = new BigInteger(Sign.Positive, i + 1); constant.data[i] = 0x00000001; constant = constant / mod; }
internal static BigInteger Pow(BigInteger value, uint p) { var integer = value; for (var i = 0; i < p; i++) value = value * integer; return value; }