public void InitRenderer(Vector3D pos, Vector3D target)
{
// set eye and screen plane position
_origin = new Vector3D( 0, 0, -5 );
_p1 = new Vector3D( -4, 3, 0 );
_p2 = new Vector3D( 4, 3, 0 );
_p3 = new Vector3D( 4, -3, 0 );
_p4 = new Vector3D( -4, -3, 0 );
// calculate camera matrix
Vector3D zaxis = (target - pos).Normalize();
Vector3D up = new Vector3D( 0, 1, 0 );
Vector3D xaxis = up.CrossProduct( zaxis );
Vector3D yaxis = xaxis.CrossProduct( -zaxis );
Matrix m = new Matrix();
m[0] = xaxis.X;
m[1] = xaxis.Y;
m[2] = xaxis.Z;
m[4] = yaxis.X;
m[5] = yaxis.Y;
m[6] = yaxis.Z;
m[8] = zaxis.X;
m[9] = zaxis.Y;
m[10] = zaxis.Z;
m.Invert();
m[3] = pos.X;
m[7] = pos.Y;
m[11] = pos.Z;
// move camera
_origin = m.Transform(_origin);
_p1 = m.Transform( _p1 );
_p2 = m.Transform( _p2 );
_p3 = m.Transform( _p3 );
_p4 = m.Transform( _p4 );
// calculate screen plane interpolation vectors
_dX = (_p2 - _p1) * (1.0 / _width);
_dY = (_p4 - _p1) * (1.0 / _height);
// setup the tile renderer
_currCol = 0;
_currRow = 0; // 20 / Constants.TileSize;
_xTiles = _width / Constants.TileSize;
_yTiles = _height / Constants.TileSize; // (_height - 20) / Constants.TileSize;
// reset counters
Intersections = 0;
RaysCast = 0;
_twister = new Twister(0);
}
public double DotProduct(Vector3D v)
{
return X*v.X + Y*v.Y + Z*v.Z;
}
public Vector3D CrossProduct(Vector3D v)
{
return new Vector3D(Y*v.Z - Z * v.Y, Z * v.X - X * v.Z, X * v.Y - Y * v.X);
}
private Primitive Raytrace(Ray ray, ref Color3D acc, int depth, double rIndex, ref double distance, double samples, double sScale)
{
//trace primary ray
distance = Constants.Maxdouble;
Primitive prim = null;
//find the nearest intersection
RayHitDetection result = FindNearest(ray, ref distance, ref prim);
//No hit? Return null then
if (result == RayHitDetection.Miss || prim == null)
return null;
//Determine color at point of intersection
Vector3D pi = ray.Origin + ray.Direction * distance;
Color3D color = prim.GetColor(pi);
Vector3D n = prim.GetNormal(pi);
//trace lights
foreach (Light light in _scene.Lights) {
Vector3D l = null;
double shade = CalcShade(light, pi, ref l, samples, sScale);
if (shade > 0) {
//calculate diffuse shading
if (prim.Material.Diffuse > 0) {
double dot = l.DotProduct(n);
if (dot > 0) {
double diff = dot * prim.Material.Diffuse * shade;
//add diffuse component to ray color
acc += diff*color*light.Color;
}
}
// determine specular component using Schlick's BRDF approximation
if (prim.Material.Specular > 0) {
//point light source: sample once for specular highlight
Vector3D r = l - 2 * l.DotProduct(n) * n;
double dot = ray.Direction.DotProduct(r);
if (dot > 0) {
double spec = dot*prim.Material.Specular*shade/(50 - 50*dot + dot);
//add specular component to ray color
acc += spec*light.Color;
}
}
}
}
//Calculate reflections
if (Constants.ReflectionsEnabled) {
double refl = prim.Material.Reflection;
if (refl > 0 && depth < Constants.TraceDepth) {
double drefl = prim.Material.DiffuseReflection;
if (drefl > 0 && depth < 3) {
//calculate diffuse reflection
Vector3D rp = ray.Direction - 2*ray.Direction.DotProduct(n)*n;
Vector3D rn1 = new Vector3D(rp.Z, rp.Y, -rp.X);
Vector3D rn2 = rp.CrossProduct(rn1);
refl *= sScale;
for (int i = 0; i < Constants.Samples; i++) {
double xoffs, yoffs;
do {
xoffs = (_twister.Rand - .5)*drefl;
yoffs = (_twister.Rand - .5)*drefl;
} while (xoffs*xoffs + yoffs*yoffs > drefl*drefl);
Vector3D r = (rp + rn1*xoffs + rn2*yoffs*drefl).Normalize();
Color3D rCol = new Color3D(0, 0, 0);
double dist = 0;
Raytrace(new Ray(pi + r*Constants.Epsilon, r), ref rCol, depth + 1, rIndex, ref dist,
samples*.25, sScale*4);
RaysCast++;
acc += refl*rCol*color;
}
}
else {
//calculate perfect reflection
Vector3D r = ray.Direction - 2*ray.Direction.DotProduct(n)*n;
Color3D rCol = new Color3D(0, 0, 0);
double dist = 0;
Raytrace(new Ray(pi + r*Constants.Epsilon, r), ref rCol, depth + 1, rIndex, ref dist, samples*.5,
sScale*2);
RaysCast++;
acc += refl*rCol*color;
}
}
}
//Calculate refraction
if (Constants.RefractionsEnabled) {
double refr = prim.Material.Refraction;
if (refr > 0 && depth < Constants.TraceDepth) {
double localRIndex = prim.Material.RefractionIndex;
double indexDiff = rIndex/localRIndex;
Vector3D vN = prim.GetNormal(pi)*(double) result;
double cosI = -(vN.DotProduct(ray.Direction));
double cosT2 = 1f - indexDiff*indexDiff*(1f - cosI*cosI);
if (cosT2 > 0) {
Vector3D t = indexDiff*ray.Direction + (indexDiff*cosI - Math.Sqrt(cosT2))*vN;
Color3D rCol = new Color3D();
double dist = 0;
Raytrace(new Ray(pi + t*Constants.Epsilon, t), ref rCol, depth + 1, localRIndex, ref dist,
samples*.5, sScale*2);
RaysCast++;
//Apply Beer's law
Color3D absorbance = prim.Material.Color*.15*-dist;
Color3D transparency = new Color3D(Math.Exp(absorbance.R), Math.Exp(absorbance.G),
Math.Exp(absorbance.B));
acc += rCol*transparency;
}
}
}
return prim;
}
private Primitive RenderRay(Vector3D screenPos, ref Color3D acc)
{
Vector3D dir = (screenPos - _origin).Normalize();
Ray r = new Ray(_origin, dir);
RaysCast++;
double dist = 0;
//trace ray
return Raytrace(r, ref acc, 1, 1.0, ref dist, Constants.Samples, 1.0 / Constants.Samples);
}
public void Rotate(Vector3D pos, double rX, double rY, double rZ)
{
Matrix t = new Matrix();
t.RotateX(rZ);
RotateY(rY);
Concatenate(t);
t.RotateZ(rX);
Concatenate(t);
Translate(pos);
}
private double CalcShade(Light light, Vector3D ip, ref Vector3D direction, double samples, double sScale)
{
double retVal = 0;
if (light.Type == Light.LightType.Point) {
//Handle point light source
retVal = 0;
direction = light.Position - ip;
double tdist = direction.Length;
direction *= 1/tdist;
tdist *= 1 - 4*Constants.Epsilon;
RaysCast++;
if (FindOccluder(new Ray(ip + direction * Constants.Epsilon, direction), ref tdist) == 0)
return 1;
}
else if (light.Type == Light.LightType.Area) {
// Monte Carlo rendering
retVal = 0;
direction = (light.Position - ip).Normalize();
Vector3D deltax = light.CellX;
Vector3D deltay = light.CellY;
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
Vector3D lp = light.GetGrid(i & 15) + _twister.Rand*deltax + _twister.Rand*deltay;
Vector3D dir = lp - ip;
double ldist = dir.Length;
dir *= 1/ldist;
ldist *= 1 - 4*Constants.Epsilon;
RaysCast++;
if (FindOccluder(new Ray(ip + dir * Constants.Epsilon, dir), ref ldist) == 0)
retVal += sScale;
}
}
return retVal;
}
public void Translate(Vector3D pos)
{
_data[TX] += pos.X;
_data[TY] += pos.Y;
_data[TZ] += pos.Z;
}
public Vector3D Transform(Vector3D v)
{
double x = _data[0] * v.X + _data[1] * v.Y + _data[2] * v.Z + _data[3];
double y = _data[4] * v.X + _data[5] * v.Y + _data[6] * v.Z + _data[7];
double z = _data[8] * v.X + _data[9] * v.Y + _data[10] * v.Z + _data[11];
return new Vector3D(x, y, z);
}
public bool InitScene()
{
Material mat;
int x;
Vector3D p1, p2;
switch (_state) {
case 0:
//constructing geometry...
break;
case 1:
// ground plane
mat = new Material();
//Changed to water
mat.SetParameters(0.3, 0.7, new Color3D(0, 128, 255), 0.2, 0.1);
mat.RefractionIndex = 1.33157;
mat.DiffuseReflection = .1;
//mat.SetParameters(0.0f, 0.0f, new Color3D(0.4f, 0.3f, 0.3f), 1.0f, 0.0f);
AddPlane(new Vector3D(-13, -4.4f, -5.5f), new Vector3D(13, -4.4f, -5.5f),
new Vector3D(13, -4.4f, 29), new Vector3D(-13, -4.4f, 29), mat);
// back plane
mat = new Material();
mat.SetParameters(0.0, 0.0, new Color3D(0.5, 0.3, 0.5), 0.6, 0.0);
AddPlane(new Vector3D(-13, -4.4f, 12), new Vector3D(13, -4.4f, 12),
new Vector3D(13, 7.4f, 12), new Vector3D(-13, 7.4f, 12), mat);
//AddPlane(new Vector3D(-13, -4.4f, 8), new Vector3D(13, -4.4f, 16),
// new Vector3D(13, 7.4f, 16), new Vector3D(-13, 7.4f, 8), mat);
// ceiling plane
mat = new Material();
mat.SetParameters(0.0, 0.0, new Color3D(0.4, 0.7, 0.7), 0.5, 0.0);
AddPlane(new Vector3D(13, 7.4f, -5.5f), new Vector3D(-13, 7.4f, -5.5f),
new Vector3D(-13, 7.4f, 29), new Vector3D(13, 7.4f, 29), mat);
// big sphere
// m_Primitive[m_Primitives] = new Primitive( Primitive::SPHERE, vector3( 2, 0.8f, 3 ), 2.5f );
// m_Primitive[m_Primitives++]->GetMaterial()->SetParameters( 0.2f, 0.8f, Color( 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f ), 0.2f, 0.8f );
// small sphere
Primitive p = new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere, new Vector3D(-5.5f, -0.5f, 7), 2);
p.Material.SetParameters(0.5f, 0.0f, new Color3D(.7f, .7f, 1), .1f, .8f);
Primitives.Add(p);
Light l;
/*
// area lights
l = new Light(Light.LightType.Area, new Vector3D(-1, 6, 4), new Vector3D(1, 6, 4), new Vector3D(-1, 6, 6), new Color3D(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f));
Lights.Add(l);
l = new Light(Light.LightType.Area, new Vector3D(-1, 6, -1), new Vector3D(1, 6, -1), new Vector3D(-1, 6, 1), new Color3D(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f));
Lights.Add(l);
*/
// point lights
l = new Light(Light.LightType.Point, new Vector3D(0, 5, 5), new Color3D(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f));
Lights.Add(l);
l = new Light(Light.LightType.Point, new Vector3D(-3, 5, 1), new Color3D(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.8f));
Lights.Add(l);
// extra sphere
p = new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere, new Vector3D(-1.5f, -3.8f, 1), 1.5f);
p.Material.SetParameters(0.0f, 0.8f, new Color3D(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f), 0.2f, 0.8f);
Primitives.Add(p);
// grid
for ( x = 0; x < 8; x++ ) {
for ( int y = 0; y < 7; y++ ) {
p = new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere, new Vector3D(-4.5f + x*1.5f, -4.3f + y*1.5f, 10), 0.3f);
p.Material.SetParameters(0.0f, 0.0f, new Color3D(0.3f, 1.0f, 0.4f), 0.6f, 0.6f);
Primitives.Add(p);
}
}
for ( x = 0; x < 8; x++ ) {
for ( int y = 0; y < 8; y++ ) {
p = new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere, new Vector3D(-4.5f + x*1.5f, -4.3f, 10.0f - y*1.5f), 0.3f);
p.Material.SetParameters(0.0f, 0.0f, new Color3D(0.3f, 1.0f, 0.4f), 0.6f, 0.6f);
Primitives.Add(p);
}
}
for ( x = 0; x < 16; x++ ) {
for ( int y = 0; y < 8; y++ ) {
p = new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere, new Vector3D(-8.5f + x*1.5f, 4.3f, 10.0f - y), 0.3f);
p.Material.SetParameters(0.0f, 0.0f, new Color3D(0.3f, 1.0f, 0.4f), 0.6f, 0.6f);
Primitives.Add(p);
}
}
mat = new Material();
mat.SetParameters( 0.9f, 0, new Color3D( 0.9f, 0.9f, 1 ), 0.3f, 0.7f );
mat.RefractionIndex = 1.3f;
// mat->SetTexture( new Texture( "textures/wood.tga" ) );
//Load3DS("meshes\\knot.3ds", mat, new Vector3D(0, 0.5f, 4), 6);
break;
case 2:
//building kdtree, please wait
break;
case 3:
//Build the KD-tree
p1 = new Vector3D(-14, -6, -6);
p2 = new Vector3D(14, 8, 30);
Extends = new AxisAlignedBox(p1, p2 - p1);
KdTree = new KdTree();
KdTree.Build(this);
break;
default:
return true; //done initializing
}
_state++;
return false; //still initializing
}
private void AddPlane(Vector3D p1, Vector3D p2, Vector3D p3, Vector3D p4, Material mat)
{
Vertex[] v = new Vertex[4];
v[0] = new Vertex(p1, 0, 0);
v[1] = new Vertex(p2, 0, 0);
v[2] = new Vertex(p3, 0, 0);
v[3] = new Vertex(p4, 0, 0);
Primitive p = new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[0], v[1], v[3]);
p.Material = mat;
Primitives.Add(p);
p = new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[1], v[2], v[3]);
p.Material = mat;
Primitives.Add(p);
}
private void AddBox(Vector3D position, Vector3D size)
{
Vertex[] v = new Vertex[8];
v[0] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X, position.Y, position.Z), 0, 0);
v[1] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X + size.X, position.Y, position.Y), 0, 0);
v[2] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X + size.X, position.Y + size.Y, position.Z), 0, 0);
v[3] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X, position.Y + size.Y, position.Z), 0, 0);
v[4] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X, position.Y, position.Z + size.Z), 0, 0);
v[5] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X + size.X, position.Y, position.Z + size.Z), 0, 0);
v[6] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X + size.X, position.Y + size.Y, position.Z + size.Z), 0, 0);
v[7] = new Vertex(new Vector3D(position.X, position.Y + size.Y, position.Z + size.Z), 0, 0);
// front plane
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[0], v[1], v[3]));
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[1], v[2], v[3]));
// back plane
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[5], v[4], v[7]));
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[5], v[7], v[6]));
// left plane
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[4], v[0], v[3]));
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[4], v[3], v[7]));
// right plane
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[1], v[5], v[2]));
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[5], v[6], v[2]));
// top plane
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[4], v[5], v[1]));
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[4], v[1], v[0]));
// bottom plane
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[6], v[7], v[2]));
Primitives.Add(new Primitive(PrimitiveType.Vertex, v[7], v[3], v[2]));
}