Boogie is an intermediate verification language (IVL), intended as a layer on which to build program verifiers for other languages. Several program verifiers have been built in this way, including the VCC and HAVOC verifiers for C and the verifiers for Dafny, Chalice, and Spec#. For a sample verifier for a toy language built on top of Boogie, see Forro.

Boogie is also the name of a tool. The tool accepts the Boogie language as input, optionally infers some invariants in the given Boogie program, and then generates verification conditions that are passed to an SMT solver. The default SMT solver is Z3.

Here are some resources to learn more about Boogie. Be aware that some information might be incomplete or outdated.

• Documentation
• Language reference.
• This is Boogie 2 details many aspects of the Boogie IVL but is slightly out of date.

You can ask questions and report issues on our issue tracker.

We are happy to receive contributions via pull requests.

Boogie releases are packaged as a .NET Core global tool available at nuget.org. To install Boogie simply run:

$ dotnet tool install --global boogie

To run Boogie, a supported SMT solver has to be available (see below).

The preferred way to build (and run) Boogie today is using .NET Core. Historically, Boogie can also be built using the classic .NET Framework (on Windows) and Mono (on Linux/OSX), but this might not be supported in the future.

To run Boogie, a supported SMT solver has to be available (see below).

$ dotnet build Source/Boogie-NetCore.sln

⚠️ There is currently a know build problem with .NET Core and GitVersionTask (see #213). The workaround is to set the environment variable MSBUILDSINGLELOADCONTEXT=1 and run dotnet build-server shutdown.

The compiled Boogie binary is Source/BoogieDriver/bin/${CONFIGURATION}/${FRAMEWORK}/BoogieDriver. Also, a NuGet package is placed in Source/BoogieDriver/bin/Debug/ which can be used for a local installation.

1. Open Source\Boogie.sln in Visual Studio.
2. Right click the Boogie solution in the Solution Explorer and click Restore NuGet Packages.
3. Click Build > Build Solution.

The compiled Boogie binary is Binaries\Boogie.exe.

Either open Source\Boogie.sln in MonoDevelop and perform the same steps as described for Visual Studio above, of compile on the command line as follows.

Fetch the NuGet packages that Boogie depends on:

$ nuget restore Source/Boogie.sln

Build Boogie:

$ msbuild Source/Boogie.sln

The compiled Boogie binary is Binaries/Boogie.exe, which can be executed with mono or using the wrapper script Binaries/boogie.

The default SMT solver for Boogie is Z3. Support for CVC4 and Yices2 is experimental.

By default, Boogie looks for an executable called z3|cvc4|yices2[.exe] in your PATH environment variable. If the solver executable is called differently on your system, use /proverOpt:PROVER_NAME=<exeName>. Alternatively, an explicit path can be given using /proverOpt:PROVER_PATH=<path>.

To learn how custom options can be supplied to the SMT solver (and more), call Boogie with /proverHelp.

The current test suite assumes version 4.8.8, but earlier and newer versions may also work.

Call Boogie with /proverOpt:SOLVER=CVC4.

Call Boogie with /proverOpt:SOLVER=Yices2 /useArrayTheory.

Works for unquantified fragments, e.g. arrays + arithmetic + bitvectors. Does not work for quantifiers, generalized arrays, datatypes.

Boogie has two forms of tests. Driver tests and unit tests

See the Driver test documentation

See the Unit test documentation

The Bump workflow will create and push a new tag each time commits are pushed to the master branch (including PR merges). By default, the created tag increments the patch version number from the previous tag. For example, if the last tagged commit were v2.4.3, then pushing to master would tag the latest commit with v2.4.4. If incrementing minor or major number is desired instead of patch, simply add #minor or #major to the first line of the commit message. For instance:

Adding the next greatest feature. #minor

If the last tagged commit were v2.4.3, then pushing this commit would generate the tag v2.5.0.

For pull-request merges, if minor or major version increments are desired, the first line of the merge commit message can be changed to include #minor or #major.

Note that on each push to master, the following will happen:

• A travis build for master is triggered.
• The GitHub workflow is also triggered.
• Once the workflow pushes a new tag vX.Y.Z, another travis build for vX.Y.Z is triggered.
• The travis build for vX.Y.Z in Release configuration publishes releases to GitHub and NuGet.org.

Boogie is licensed under the MIT License (see LICENSE.txt).