/// <summary>
/// This renders the refraction map;
/// </summary>
private void DrawRefractionMap(GraphicsDevice device, Camera camera, RenderSceneDelegate RenderScene)
{
// Clipping computations will be done after vertices have passed through the vertex shader and are in screen space. We must therefore represent the clipping planes
// screen space as well, which is achieved by multiplying the plane coefficients by the view and projection matrices.
Vector4 refractionPlaneCoefficients = new Vector4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -waterHeight);
refractionPlaneCoefficients = Vector4.Transform(refractionPlaneCoefficients, Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(camera.ViewMatrix * camera.ProjMatrix)));
refractionClippingPlane = new Plane(refractionPlaneCoefficients);
// Prepare the device for rendering to the desired render target
device.ClipPlanes[0].Plane = refractionClippingPlane;
device.ClipPlanes[0].IsEnabled = true;
device.SetRenderTarget(0, refractionRenderTarget);
device.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer, Color.Black, 1.0f, 0);
// Render the scene with clipping
RenderScene();
// Now disable the clipping plane and save the result to a texture
device.ClipPlanes[0].IsEnabled = false;
device.SetRenderTarget(0, null);
refractionMap = refractionRenderTarget.GetTexture();
}
/// <summary>
/// This draws the scene with reflective and refractive water. It takes a delegate function to perform the actual scene rendering needed to construct the refraction
/// and reflection maps.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="camera"></param>
public void Draw(Camera camera, RenderSceneDelegate RenderScene)
{
GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice = game.GraphicsDevice;
// Render the refraction and reflection maps
DrawRefractionMap(graphicsDevice, camera, RenderScene);
}
/// <summary>
/// Loads graphics resources needed for the game.
/// </summary>
public override void LoadGraphicsContent(bool loadAllContent)
{
// Initialize the camera
camera = new FirstPersonCamera(GameOptions.CameraAccelerationMagnitude, GameOptions.CameraRotationSpeed,
GameOptions.CameraVelocityDecayRate);
camera.AspectRatio = (float)ScreenManager.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width /
(float)ScreenManager.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height;
camera.Position = new Vector3(0, GameOptions.TerrainMaxHeight, 0);
camera.Angles = new Vector3(-MathHelper.PiOver2, 0.0f, 0.0f);
if (loadAllContent)
{
// Load the sky box
skyBox = new SkyBox(ScreenManager.Game, ScreenManager.Content, camera);
// Set up the terrain parameters
TerrainQuadTreeParameters parameters = new TerrainQuadTreeParameters();
parameters.HeightMapName = "Content\\Textures\\Heightmap";
parameters.LayerMap0Name = "Content\\Textures\\grass01";
parameters.LayerMap1Name = "Content\\Textures\\rock01";
parameters.LayerMap2Name = "Content\\Textures\\snow01";
parameters.GrassTextureName = "Content\\Textures\\grass";
parameters.MaxHeight = GameOptions.TerrainMaxHeight;
parameters.TerrainScale = GameOptions.TerrainScale;
parameters.MaxScreenSpaceError = 0.075f;
parameters.ScreenHeight = ScreenManager.Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height;
parameters.FieldOfView = camera.FieldOfView;
parameters.GrassChunkDimension = 30;
parameters.GrassChunkStarSeparation = 266.6f;
parameters.GrassStartFadingInDistance = 4000.0f;
parameters.GrassStopFadingInDistance = 3900.0f;
parameters.WindStrength = 100.0f;
parameters.WindDirection = new Vector4(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
parameters.DoPreprocessing = true;
parameters.ComputePerspectiveScalingFactor();
terrain = new TerrainQuadTree(ScreenManager.Game, ScreenManager.Content, parameters);
// Iniialize the water manager
waterManager = new WaterManager(ScreenManager.Game, GameOptions.WaterHeight);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This loads the model and texture data needed to render the skybox.
/// </summary>
public SkyBox(Game game, ContentManager content, Camera camera)
{
this.game = game;
this.camera = camera;
GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice = game.GraphicsDevice;
model = content.Load<Model>("Content\\Models\\Skybox");
textures = new Texture2D[model.Meshes.Count];
// Initialize the effect.
effect = content.Load<Effect>("Content\\Shaders\\Skybox");
// Save the textures in the mesh to the textures array.
int textureCount = 0;
foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes)
{
foreach (BasicEffect meshEffect in mesh.Effects)
{
textures[textureCount] = meshEffect.Texture;
++textureCount;
}
}
// We need to pass our effect down to the child mesh parts.
foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes)
{
foreach (ModelMeshPart part in mesh.MeshParts)
{
part.Effect = effect.Clone(graphicsDevice);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This renders the grass chunk.
/// </summary>
public void Draw(Vector3 center, Camera camera)
{
IGraphicsDeviceService igs = (IGraphicsDeviceService)game.Services.GetService(typeof(IGraphicsDeviceService));
graphicsDevice = igs.GraphicsDevice;
// Prepare the effect
Matrix worldTransform = Matrix.CreateTranslation(center);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["world"].SetValue(worldTransform);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["view"].SetValue(camera.ViewMatrix);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["proj"].SetValue(camera.ProjMatrix);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["maxHeight"].SetValue(quadTree.Parameters.MaxHeight);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["textureSize"].SetValue(quadTree.HeightMap.Width);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["heightMap"].SetValue(quadTree.HeightMap);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["normalMap"].SetValue(quadTree.NormalMap);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["grassMap"].SetValue(quadTree.GrassTexture);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["terrainScale"].SetValue(quadTree.Parameters.TerrainScale);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["cameraPosition"].SetValue(camera.Position);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["timer"].SetValue(timer);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["startFadingInDistance"].SetValue(quadTree.Parameters.GrassStartFadingInDistance);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["stopFadingInDistance"].SetValue(quadTree.Parameters.GrassStopFadingInDistance);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["windStrength"].SetValue(quadTree.Parameters.WindStrength);
quadTree.GrassShader.Parameters["windDirection"].SetValue(quadTree.Parameters.WindDirection);
// Render it!
int numVertices = dimension * dimension * 12;
int numTriangles = dimension * dimension * 6;
quadTree.GrassShader.CurrentTechnique = quadTree.GrassShader.Techniques["GrassDraw"];
quadTree.GrassShader.Begin();
graphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = vertexDecl;
graphicsDevice.Vertices[0].SetSource(vertexBuffer, 0, VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes);
graphicsDevice.Indices = indexBuffer;
foreach (EffectPass pass in quadTree.GrassShader.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
{
pass.Begin();
graphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, numVertices, 0, numTriangles);
pass.End();
}
quadTree.GrassShader.End();
}
/// <summary>
/// This updates the chunk and its children if needed.
/// </summary>
public void Update(Camera camera)
{
float distance = (camera.Position - centerWorldPosition).Length();
float screenSpaceError = geometricError / distance * quadTree.Parameters.PerspectiveScalingFactor;
if (screenSpaceError > quadTree.Parameters.MaxScreenSpaceError && children.Count > 0)
{
splitIntoChildren = true;
foreach (TerrainChunk child in children)
{
child.Update(camera);
}
}
else
{
splitIntoChildren = false;
}
}
public void Render(Camera camera)
{
// If this node should be split, then render the four children instead
if (splitIntoChildren)
{
foreach (TerrainChunk child in children)
{
child.Render(camera);
}
}
else
{
IGraphicsDeviceService igs = (IGraphicsDeviceService)quadTree.Game.Services.GetService(typeof(IGraphicsDeviceService));
GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice = igs.GraphicsDevice;
// Do frustum culling
BoundingFrustum frustum = new BoundingFrustum(camera.ViewMatrix * camera.ProjMatrix);
ContainmentType containment;
frustum.Contains(ref boundingBox, out containment);
if (containment == ContainmentType.Disjoint)
return;
// Prepare the effect
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["world"].SetValue(worldTransform);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["view"].SetValue(camera.ViewMatrix);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["proj"].SetValue(camera.ProjMatrix);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["maxHeight"].SetValue(quadTree.Parameters.MaxHeight);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["textureSize"].SetValue(quadTree.HeightMap.Width);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["heightMap"].SetValue(quadTree.HeightMap);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["grassMap"].SetValue(quadTree.LayerMap0);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["rockMap"].SetValue(quadTree.LayerMap1);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["snowMap"].SetValue(quadTree.LayerMap2);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["normalMap"].SetValue(quadTree.NormalMap);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["uStart"].SetValue(textureCoordinates.UStart);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["uEnd"].SetValue(textureCoordinates.UEnd);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["vStart"].SetValue(textureCoordinates.VStart);
quadTree.TerrainShader.Parameters["vEnd"].SetValue(textureCoordinates.VEnd);
// Render it!
quadTree.TerrainShader.CurrentTechnique = quadTree.TerrainShader.Techniques["TerrainDraw"];
quadTree.TerrainShader.Begin();
foreach (EffectPass pass in quadTree.TerrainShader.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
{
pass.Begin();
quadTree.CommonGrid.Draw();
pass.End();
}
quadTree.TerrainShader.End();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Renders the grass chunks distributed across the terrain.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="camera"></param>
private void RenderGrass(Camera camera)
{
BoundingFrustum frustum = new BoundingFrustum(camera.ViewMatrix * camera.ProjMatrix);
float grassChunkSize = grassChunk.Dimension * grassChunk.StarSeparation;
foreach (Vector3 position in grassChunkPositions)
{
// Do frustum culling.
Vector2 cameraPosVec2 = new Vector2(camera.Position.X, camera.Position.Z);
Vector2 grassPosVec2 = new Vector2(position.X, position.Z);
if ((cameraPosVec2 - grassPosVec2).Length() > parameters.GrassStartFadingInDistance + grassChunkSize / 2.0f)
continue;
BoundingBox boundingBox = new BoundingBox(new Vector3(position.X - grassChunkSize / 2.0f, 0.0f, position.Z - grassChunkSize / 2.0f),
new Vector3(position.X + grassChunkSize / 2.0f, parameters.MaxHeight + grassChunk.QuadHeight, position.Z + grassChunkSize / 2.0f));
ContainmentType containment;
frustum.Contains(ref boundingBox, out containment);
if (containment == ContainmentType.Disjoint)
continue;
grassChunk.Draw(position, camera);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This draws the terrain using the GPU for height map displacement and texture blending.
/// </summary>
public void Draw(Camera camera)
{
GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice = game.GraphicsDevice;
graphicsDevice.RenderState.CullMode = CullMode.None;
//graphicsDevice.RenderState.FillMode = FillMode.WireFrame;
rootNode.Update(camera);
rootNode.Render(camera);
RenderGrass(camera);
graphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = false;
graphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaTestEnable = false;
graphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = true;
}