private bool IsSlavoGermanic(DoubleMetaphoneIterator word)
{
return word.Contains("W") || word.Contains("K") || word.Contains("CZ") || word.Contains("WITZ");
}
private string[] Get(string s)
{
DoubleMetaphoneIterator word = new DoubleMetaphoneIterator(s);
if (word.Length == 0) return new string[] {};
// Skip silent letters when at the start of a word:
word.SkipOnMatch("GN", "KN", "PN", "WR", "PS");
// Initial 'X' is pronounced 'Z' e.g. 'Xavier'
if (word.Letter == 'X')
{
Add("S"); // 'Z' maps to 'S'
word.Advance(1);
}
while (!word.AtEnd)
{
switch (word.Letter)
{
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
case 'Y':
// All initial vowels now map to 'A':
if (word.AtStart) Add("A");
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'B':
//"-mb", e.g", "dumb", already skipped over...
Add("P");
word.Advance(1);
word.SkipOnMatch("B");
break;
case 'Ç':
Add("S");
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'C':
//various germanic
if (word.Position > 1
&& !word.Matches(-2, "A", "E", "I", "O", "U", "Y")
&& word.Matches(-1, "ACH")
&& !word.Matches(2, "I", "E")
|| word.Matches(-2, "BACHER", "MACHER"))
{
Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//special case 'caesar'
if ((word.AtStart) && word.Matches("CAESAR"))
{
Add("S");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//italian 'chianti'
if (word.Matches("CHIA"))
{
Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("CH"))
{
//find 'michael'
if ((!word.AtStart) && word.Matches("CHAE"))
{
Add("K", "X");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//greek roots e.g. 'chemistry', 'chorus'
if ((word.AtStart)
&& (word.Matches("CHARAC", "CHARIS")
|| word.Matches("CHOR", "CHYM", "CHIA", "CHEM"))
&& !word.StartsWith("CHORE"))
{
Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//germanic, greek, or otherwise 'ch' for 'kh' sound
if (word.StartsWith("VAN ", "VON ", "SCH")
// 'architect but not 'arch', 'orchestra', '||chid'
|| word.Matches(-2, "ORCHES", "ARCHIT", "ORCHID")
|| word.Matches(2, "T", "S")
|| (word.Matches(-1, "A", "O", "U", "E") || word.AtStart)
//e.g., 'wachtler', 'wechsler', but not 'tichner'
&& (word.Matches(2, "L", "R", "N", "M", "B", "H", "F", "V", "W") || word.IsBeyondEnd(2)))
{
Add("K");
}
else
{
if (!word.AtStart)
{
if (word.StartsWith("MC"))
//e.g., "McHugh"
Add("K");
else
Add("X", "K");
}
else
Add("X");
}
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//e.g, 'czerny'
if (word.Matches("CZ") && !word.Matches(-2, "WICZ"))
{
Add("S", "X");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//e.g., 'focaccia'
if (word.Matches(1, "CIA"))
{
Add("X");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
//double 'C', but not if e.g. 'McClellan'
if (word.Matches("CC") && !(word.Position == 1 && word.StartsWith("M")))
//'bellocchio' but not 'bacchus'
if (word.Matches(2, "I", "E", "H") && !word.Matches(2, "HU"))
{
//'accident', 'accede' 'succeed'
if ((word.Position == 1 && word.StartsWith("A"))
|| word.Matches(1, "UCCEE", "UCCES"))
{
Add("KS");
//'bacci', 'bertucci', other italian
}
else
{
Add("X");
}
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
else
{//Pierce's rule
Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("CK", "CG", "CQ"))
{
Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("CI", "CE", "CY"))
{
//italian vs. english
if (word.Matches("CIO", "CIE", "CIA"))
Add("S", "X");
else
Add("S");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//else
Add("K");
//name sent in 'mac caffrey', 'mac gregor
if (word.Matches(1, " C", " Q", " G"))
word.Advance(3);
else
if (word.Matches(1, "C", "K", "Q")
&& !word.Matches(1, "CE", "CI"))
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'D':
if (word.Matches("DG"))
if (word.Matches(2, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
//e.g. 'edge'
Add("J");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
else
{
//e.g. 'edgar'
Add("TK");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("DT", "DD"))
{
Add("T");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//else
Add("T");
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'F':
if (word.NextLetter == 'F')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("F");
break;
case 'G':
if (word.NextLetter == 'H')
{
if ((!word.AtStart) && !IsVowel(word.LastLetter))
{
Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if (word.Position < 3)
{
//'ghislane', ghiradelli
if (word.AtStart)
{
if (word.Matches(2, "I"))
Add("J");
else
Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
}
//Parker's rule (with some further refinements) - e.g., 'hugh'
if (word.Matches(-2, "B", "H", "D")
|| word.Matches(-3, "B", "H", "D")
|| word.Matches(-4, "B", "H"))
{
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
else
{
//e.g., 'laugh', 'McLaughlin', 'cough', 'gough', 'rough', 'tough'
if (word.Position > 2
&& word.Matches(-1, "U")
&& word.Matches(-3, "C", "G", "L", "R", "T"))
{
Add("F");
}
else
if (!word.AtStart && word.Matches(-1, "I")) Add("K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
}
if (word.NextLetter == 'N')
{
if ((word.Position == 1) && IsVowel(word.FirstLetter) && !IsSlavoGermanic(word))
{
Add("KN", "N");
}
else
//not e.g. 'cagney'
if (!word.Matches(2, "EY") && (word.NextLetter != 'Y') && !IsSlavoGermanic(word))
{
Add("N", "KN");
}
else
Add("KN");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//'tagliaro'
if (word.Matches(1, "LI") && !IsSlavoGermanic(word))
{
Add("KL", "L");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//-ges-,-gep-,-gel-, -gie- at beginning
if ((word.AtStart)
&& ((word.NextLetter == 'Y')
|| word.Matches(1, "ES", "EP", "EB", "EL", "EY", "IB", "IL", "IN", "IE", "EI", "ER")) )
{
Add("K", "J");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
// -ger-, -gy-
if ((word.Matches(1, "ER") || (word.NextLetter == 'Y'))
&& !word.StartsWith("DANGER", "RANGER", "MANGER")
&& !word.Matches(-1, "E", "I")
&& !word.Matches(-1, "RGY", "OGY") )
{
Add("K", "J");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
// italian e.g, 'biaggi'
if (word.Matches(1, "E", "I", "Y") || word.Matches(-1, "AGGI", "OGGI"))
{
//obvious germanic
if (word.StartsWith("VAN ", "VON ") || word.StartsWith("SCH") || word.Matches(1, "ET"))
Add("K");
else
//always soft if french ending
if (word.Matches(1, "IER ")) Add("J");
else
Add("J", "K");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if (word.NextLetter == 'G')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("K");
break;
case 'H':
//only keep if first & before vowel or btw. 2 vowels
if (((word.AtStart) || IsVowel(word.LastLetter))
&& IsVowel(word.NextLetter))
{
Add("H");
word.Advance(2);
}
else//also takes care of 'HH'
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'J':
//obvious spanish, 'jose', 'san jacinto'
if (word.Matches("JOSE") || word.StartsWith("SAN ") )
{
if ((word.AtStart && word.IsBeyondEnd(4)) || word.StartsWith("SAN "))
Add("H");
else
{
Add("J", "H");
}
word.Advance(1);
break;
}
if ((word.AtStart) && !word.Matches("JOSE"))
Add("J", "A");//Yankelovich/Jankelowicz
else
//spanish pron. of e.g. 'bajador'
if (IsVowel(word.LastLetter)
&& !IsSlavoGermanic(word)
&& ((word.NextLetter == 'A') || (word.NextLetter == 'O')))
Add("J", "H");
else
if (word.AtLastLetter) Add("J", " ");
else
if (!word.Matches(1, "L", "T", "K", "S", "N", "M", "B", "Z")
&& !word.Matches(-1, "S", "K", "L"))
Add("J");
if (word.NextLetter == 'J')//it could happen!
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'K':
if (word.NextLetter == 'K')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("K");
break;
case 'L':
if (word.NextLetter == 'L')
{
//spanish e.g. 'cabrillo', 'gallegos'
if (((word.Position == word.Letter - 3)
&& word.Matches(-1, "ILLO", "ILLA", "ALLE"))
|| (word.EndsWith("AS", "OS", "A", "O")
&& word.Matches(-1, "ALLE")))
{
Add("L", " ");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
word.Advance(2);
}
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("L");
break;
case 'M':
if ((word.Matches(-1, "UMB")
&& ((word.Position + 1 == word.Length - 1) || word.Matches(2, "ER")))
//'dumb','thumb'
|| word.NextLetter == 'M')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("M");
break;
case 'N':
if (word.NextLetter == 'N')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("N");
break;
case 'Ñ':
word.Advance(1);
Add("N");
break;
case 'P':
if (word.NextLetter == 'H')
{
Add("F");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//also account for "campbell", "raspberry"
if (word.Matches(1, "P", "B"))
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("P");
break;
case 'Q':
if (word.NextLetter == 'Q')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("K");
break;
case 'R':
//french e.g. 'rogier', but exclude 'hochmeier'
if ((word.Position == word.Length - 1)
&& !IsSlavoGermanic(word)
&& word.Matches(-2, "IE")
&& !word.Matches(-4, "ME", "MA"))
Add("", "R");
else
Add("R");
if (word.NextLetter == 'R')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'S':
//special cases 'isl&&', 'isle', 'carlisle', 'carlysle'
if (word.Matches(-1, "ISL", "YSL"))
{
word.Advance(1);
break;
}
//special case 'sugar-'
if ((word.AtStart) && word.Matches("SUGAR"))
{
Add("X", "S");
word.Advance(1);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("SH"))
{
//germanic
if (word.Matches(1, "HEIM", "HOEK", "HOLM", "HOLZ"))
Add("S");
else
Add("X");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
//italian & armenian
if (word.Matches("SIO", "SIA") || word.Matches("SIAN"))
{
if (!IsSlavoGermanic(word))
Add("S", "X");
else
Add("S");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
//german & anglicisations, e.g. 'smith' match 'schmidt', 'snider' match 'schneider'
//also, -sz- in slavic language altho in hungarian it is pronounced 's'
if (((word.AtStart)
&& word.Matches(1, "M", "N", "L", "W"))
|| word.Matches(1, "Z"))
{
Add("S", "X");
if (word.Matches(1, "Z"))
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("SC"))
{
//Schlesinger's rule
if (word.Matches(2, "H"))
//dutch origin, e.g. 'school', 'schooner'
if (word.Matches(3, "OO", "ER", "EN", "UY", "ED", "EM"))
{
//'schermerhorn', 'schenker'
if (word.Matches(3, "ER", "EN"))
{
Add("X", "SK");
}
else
Add("SK");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
else
{
if ((word.AtStart) && !word.Matches(3, "A", "E", "I", "O", "U", "Y") && (!word.Matches(3, "W")))
Add("X", "S");
else
Add("X");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
if (word.Matches(2, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
Add("S");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
//else
Add("SK");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
//french e.g. 'resnais', 'artois'
if (word.AtLastLetter && word.Matches(-2, "AI", "OI"))
Add("", "S");
else
Add("S");
if (word.Matches(1, "S", "Z"))
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'T':
if (word.Matches("TION"))
{
Add("X");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("TIA", "TCH"))
{
Add("X");
word.Advance(3);
break;
}
if (word.Matches("TH")
|| word.Matches("TTH"))
{
//special case 'thomas', 'thames' || germanic
if (word.Matches(2, "OM", "AM")
|| word.StartsWith("VAN ", "VON ")
|| word.StartsWith("SCH"))
{
Add("T");
}
else
{
Add("0", "T");
}
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if (word.Matches(1, "T", "D"))
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("T");
break;
case 'V':
if (word.NextLetter == 'V')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
Add("F");
break;
case 'W':
//can also be in middle of word
if (word.Matches("WR"))
{
Add("R");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
if ((word.AtStart)
&& (IsVowel(word.NextLetter) || word.Matches("WH")))
{
//Wasserman should match Vasserman
if (IsVowel(word.NextLetter))
Add("A", "F");
else
//need Uomo to match Womo
Add("A");
}
//Arnow should match Arnoff
if ((word.AtLastLetter && IsVowel(word.LastLetter))
|| word.Matches(-1, "EWSKI", "EWSKY", "OWSKI", "OWSKY")
|| word.StartsWith("SCH"))
{
Add("", "F");
word.Advance(1);
break;
}
//polish e.g. 'filipowicz'
if (word.Matches("WICZ", "WITZ"))
{
Add("TS", "FX");
word.Advance(4);
break;
}
//else skip it
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'X':
//french e.g. breaux
if (!(word.AtLastLetter
&& (word.Matches(-3, "IAU", "EAU")
|| word.Matches(-2, "AU", "OU"))) )
Add("KS");
if (word.Matches(1, "C", "X"))
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
break;
case 'Z':
//chinese pinyin e.g. 'zhao'
if (word.NextLetter == 'H')
{
Add("J");
word.Advance(2);
break;
}
else
if (word.Matches(1, "ZO", "ZI", "ZA")
|| (IsSlavoGermanic(word) && ((!word.AtStart) && !word.Matches(-1, "T"))))
{
Add("S", "TS");
}
else
Add("S");
if (word.NextLetter == 'Z')
word.Advance(2);
else
word.Advance(1);
break;
default:
word.Advance(1);
break;
}
}
if (_secondary == null)
{
return new string[] { _primary };
}
else
{
return new string[] { _primary, _secondary };
}
}
