/// <summary>开方</summary>
static internal BigNumber Sqrt(BigNumber value, int precision) {
if (!value.IsPlus)
throw new ExpressionException("只有正数才有开平方运算");
List<int> div = new List<int>();
int index = 0;
int resultIntCount = (value.IntPart.Count + 1) / 2;
List<int> result = GetFirstDiv(value, ref div, ref index);
div = FirstTry(result, div);
div.AddRange(GetNewTwoDiv(value, ref index));
BigCalculate.RemoveStartZero(div);
//考虑精度的计算
while (true) {
div = TryDiv(div, result);
if (result.Count - resultIntCount >= precision)
break;
div.AddRange(GetNewTwoDiv(value, ref index));
BigCalculate.RemoveStartZero(div);
}
return new BigNumber(result.GetRange(0, resultIntCount), result.GetRange(resultIntCount, result.Count - resultIntCount), true);
}
//仅限于寻找有序数列中的众数
//多个众数时返回最小的众数
public static string Mode(BigNumber[] NumberSeries)
{
double MaxCount = 0;
double CurrentCount = 0;
BigNumber MaxNumber = new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber CurrentNumber = new BigNumber("0");
int len = NumberSeries.Length;
for (int i = 1; i < len; i++)
{
if (CompareNumber.Compare(NumberSeries[i - 1], NumberSeries[i]) == 0)
{
CurrentCount++;
if (CurrentCount > MaxCount)
{
MaxCount = CurrentCount;
MaxNumber = NumberSeries[i];
}
}
else
{
CurrentCount = 0;
}
}
if (MaxCount == 0)
{
return "NA";
}
else
{
return MaxNumber.ToString();
}
}
/// <summary>减</summary>
public static BigNumber Minus(BigNumber one, BigNumber two) {
BigNumber oneAbsolute = one.AbsoluteNumber;
BigNumber twoAbsolute = two.AbsoluteNumber;
//正数减正数
if (one.IsPlus && two.IsPlus) {
if (oneAbsolute.CompareTo(twoAbsolute) == 1)
return PlusMinus(one, two);
else if (oneAbsolute.CompareTo(twoAbsolute) == -1)
return PlusMinus(two, one).ReverseNumber;
else
return BigNumber.Zero;
}
//正数减负数
else if (one.IsPlus && !two.IsPlus) {
return PlusAdd(oneAbsolute, twoAbsolute);
}
//负数减正数
else if (!one.IsPlus && two.IsPlus) {
return PlusAdd(oneAbsolute, twoAbsolute).ReverseNumber;
}
//负数减负数
else if (!one.IsPlus && !two.IsPlus) {
return Add(one, twoAbsolute);
}
throw new Exception("不可能到达的地方");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
BigNumber e = new BigNumber("1");
BigNumber[,] table = new BigNumber[3, 3] { { 52*e, 64*e, 24*e },{60*e,59*e,52*e},{50*e,65*e,74*e} };
Console.WriteLine(contingency(table));
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("请输入x的值，用逗号分开");
string numberseriesx = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("请输入y的值，用逗号分开");
string numberlinresy = Console.ReadLine();
char[] separator = { ',' };
string[] numbersx = numberseriesx.Split(separator);
string[] numbersy = numberlinresy.Split(separator);
int n = numbersx.Length;
BigNumber[] x = new BigNumber[n];
BigNumber[] y = new BigNumber[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
x[i] = new BigNumber(numbersx[i]);
}
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
y[j] = new BigNumber(numbersy[j]);
}
Console.WriteLine( Regression(x,y,n));
Console.ReadKey();
}
static BigNumber Quantile(BigNumber[] NumberSeries, double quan)
{
int len = NumberSeries.Length;
double position = quan * (double)len;
position = Convert.ToDouble(round(position.ToString(), 0));
return NumberSeries[Convert.ToInt32(position - 1)];
}
public void BigNum()
{
var x = new BigNumber(9007199254740992);
Assert.Equal(@"{
""Number"": ""9007199254740992""
}", JsonObject.FromObject(x).ToString());
}
public void LilNumber()
{
var x = new BigNumber(1);
Assert.Equal(@"{
""Number"": 1
}", JsonObject.FromObject(x).ToString());
}
public static string Regression(BigNumber[] x,BigNumber[] y,int n)
{
BigNumber sumx = new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber sumy = new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber lxy = new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber lxx = new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber xbar, ybar, beta0, beta1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sumx = sumx + x[i];
}
xbar = sumx / new BigNumber(x.Length.ToString());
for (int a = 0; a <= n-1; a++)
{
lxx = lxx + (x[a] - xbar).Power(new BigNumber("2"));
}
for (int i = 0; i <= n-1; i++)
{
sumy = sumy + y[i];
}
ybar = sumy / new BigNumber(y.Length.ToString());
for (int i = 0; i <= n-1; i++)
{
lxy = lxy + (x[i] - xbar) * (y[i] - ybar);
}
beta1 = lxy / lxx;
beta0 = ybar - beta1 * xbar;
BigNumber[] Ey = new BigNumber[n];
BigNumber[] residual = new BigNumber[n];
BigNumber SSR = new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber SSE = new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber Fvalue, Rsquare;
for (int i =0;i <= n-1; i++)
{
Ey[i] = beta0 + beta1 * x[i];
}
for (int i=0; i <= n-1;i++)
{
residual[i] = y[i] - Ey[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i <= n - 1; i++)
{
SSR = SSR + (Ey[i] - ybar).Power(new BigNumber("2"));
SSE = SSE + (y[i] - Ey[i]).Power(new BigNumber("2"));
}
Fvalue = SSR / SSE * (new BigNumber( n.ToString()) - new BigNumber("2"));
string f = Fvalue.ToString();
double F = Convert.ToDouble(f);
Rsquare = SSR / (SSR+SSE);
// BigNumber Fa = new BigNumber(Stat.FdistUa(0.05, 2,1).ToString());
//BigNumber FF =new BigNumber("1") / Fa;
BigNumber p = new BigNumber(Stat.FCDF(F, 1, 2).ToString());
return p.ToString()+" "+f;//+" "+ Fvalue.ToString();//"回归方程为：y=" + MathV.round(beta0.ToString(),3,0)+ "+" + MathV.round(beta1.ToString(),3,0) + "*x"+" Rsquare:"+MathV.round(Rsquare.ToString(),3,0)+" Fvalue:"+MathV.round(Fvalue.ToString(),3,0);
}
private void test_ecdh_curve(Asn1Object obj, string text, BigNumber.Context ctx) {
Key a = Key.FromCurveName(obj);
Key b = Key.FromCurveName(obj);
BigNumber x_a = new BigNumber();
BigNumber y_a = new BigNumber();
BigNumber x_b = new BigNumber();
BigNumber y_b = new BigNumber();
try {
Console.Write("Testing key generation with {0}", text);
a.GenerateKey();
if (a.Group.Method.FieldType == Objects.NID.X9_62_prime_field.NID) {
a.PublicKey.GetAffineCoordinatesGFp(x_a, y_a, ctx);
}
else {
a.PublicKey.GetAffineCoordinatesGF2m(x_a, y_a, ctx);
}
Console.Write(".");
b.GenerateKey();
if (b.Group.Method.FieldType == Objects.NID.X9_62_prime_field.NID) {
b.PublicKey.GetAffineCoordinatesGFp(x_b, y_b, ctx);
}
else {
b.PublicKey.GetAffineCoordinatesGF2m(x_b, y_b, ctx);
}
Console.Write(".");
byte[] abuf = new byte[MessageDigest.SHA1.Size];
int aout = a.ComputeKey(b, abuf, KDF1_SHA1);
Console.Write(".");
byte[] bbuf = new byte[MessageDigest.SHA1.Size];
int bout = b.ComputeKey(a, bbuf, KDF1_SHA1);
Console.Write(".");
Assert.Greater(aout, 4);
Assert.AreEqual(aout, bout);
Assert.IsTrue(Compare(abuf, bbuf));
Console.Write(" ok");
}
finally {
a.Dispose();
b.Dispose();
x_a.Dispose();
y_a.Dispose();
x_b.Dispose();
y_b.Dispose();
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
static BigNumber Mean(BigNumber[] NumberSeries)
{
BigNumber sum = new BigNumber("0");
foreach (BigNumber SingleNumber in NumberSeries)
{
sum += SingleNumber;
}
int len = NumberSeries.Length;
BigNumber len_bignumber = new BigNumber(len.ToString());
return sum / len_bignumber;
}
//输入为BigNumber数组，返回为BigNumber值
//n - 1个自由度
public static BigNumber Variance(BigNumber[] NumberSeries)
{
BigNumber sum = new BigNumber("0");
int len = NumberSeries.Length;
BigNumber mean_series = Mean(NumberSeries);
foreach (BigNumber SingleNumber in NumberSeries)
{
sum += (SingleNumber - mean_series).Power(new BigNumber("2"), 30);
}
return sum / new BigNumber((len - 1).ToString());
}
/// <summary>e次幂</summary>
public static BigNumber Exp(BigNumber value, int precision) {
BigNumber sum = new BigNumber("0");
for (BigNumber n = new BigNumber("0"); ; n++) {
BigNumber r = BigNumber.Division(value.Power(n), n.Factorial(), precision + 1);
if (r.GetPrecision(0) > precision)
break;
sum = sum + r;
}
Remove(sum, precision);
return sum;
}
} //计算分位数值
static string ParaEasti(BigNumber[] NumberSeries, double significance, int tail, BigNumber goalnumber)
{
//总体均值的区间估计
//tail == 1单尾，为2则双尾
BigNumber n = new BigNumber(NumberSeries.Length.ToString());
if (tail == 2)
{
significance = significance / 2;
}
BigNumber lower = Proportion(NumberSeries, goalnumber)-new BigNumber(NORMSINV(significance).ToString())*(Proportion(NumberSeries, goalnumber) * (new BigNumber("1") - Proportion(NumberSeries, goalnumber)) / n).Power(new BigNumber("0.5"));
BigNumber upper = Proportion(NumberSeries, goalnumber)+new BigNumber(NORMSINV(significance).ToString())*(Proportion(NumberSeries, goalnumber) * (new BigNumber("1") - Proportion(NumberSeries, goalnumber)) / n).Power(new BigNumber("0.5"));
return lower.ToString() + "," + upper.ToString();
}
internal static BigNumber Division(BigNumber one, BigNumber two, int precision) {
List<int> oneInt = new List<int>();
List<int> oneDecimal = new List<int>();
oneInt.AddRange(one.IntPart);
oneDecimal.AddRange(one.DecimalPart);
List<int> twoText = new List<int>();
twoText.AddRange(two.IntPart);
twoText.AddRange(two.DecimalPart);
RemoveStartZero(twoText);
//将15/2.3 移位为 150/23 //DecimalLength
for (int i = 0; i < two.DecimalPart.Count; i++) {
if (oneDecimal.Count != 0) {
oneInt.Add(oneDecimal[0]);
oneDecimal.RemoveAt(0);
} else {
oneInt.Add(0);
}
}
List<int> resultInt = new List<int>();
List<int> resultDecimal = new List<int>();
int index = twoText.Count < oneInt.Count ? twoText.Count - 1 : oneInt.Count - 1;
List<int> div = oneInt.GetRange(0, index + 1);
//正数部分的除法
while (true) {
resultInt.Add(Division(div, twoText));
div = IntMinus(div, Multiply(twoText, new List<int> { resultInt[resultInt.Count - 1] }), 0);
index++;
if (index >= oneInt.Count)
break;
div.Add(oneInt[index]);
}
index = 0;
//小数部分的除法
while (true) {
//满足精度后退出
if (resultDecimal.Count >= precision)
break;
if (index >= oneDecimal.Count)
div.Add(0);
else {
div.Add(oneDecimal[index]);
}
int r = Division(div, twoText);
resultDecimal.Add(r);
div = IntMinus(div, Multiply(twoText, new List<int> { r }), 0);
index++;
}
return new BigNumber(resultInt, resultDecimal, !(one.IsPlus ^ two.IsPlus));
}
/// <summary> 乘 </summary>
public static BigNumber Multiply(BigNumber one, BigNumber two) {
List<int> oneText = new List<int>();
List<int> twoText = new List<int>();
oneText.AddRange(one.IntPart);
oneText.AddRange(one.DecimalPart);
twoText.AddRange(two.IntPart);
twoText.AddRange(two.DecimalPart);
List<int> resultText = Multiply(oneText, twoText);
int decimalLength = one.DecimalPart.Count + two.DecimalPart.Count;
List<int> intPart = resultText.GetRange(0, resultText.Count - decimalLength);
List<int> decimalPart = resultText.GetRange(resultText.Count - decimalLength, decimalLength);
return new BigNumber(intPart, decimalPart, !(one.IsPlus ^ two.IsPlus));
}
static void Sort(int n, BigNumber[] NumberSeries)
{
BigNumber temp = new BigNumber("0");
if (n <= 1){
return;
}
for (int i = 0;i < n - 1;i++){
if (CompareNumber.Compare(NumberSeries[i] , NumberSeries[i+1]) == 1){
temp = NumberSeries[i +1];
NumberSeries[i + 1]= NumberSeries[i];
NumberSeries[i]=temp;
}
Sort(n - 1, NumberSeries);
}
}
static string HT(BigNumber H0, BigNumber[] NumberSeries, double significance, int tail, BigNumber goalnumber)
{
//Hypothesis Testing假设检验
string result = ParaEasti(NumberSeries, significance, tail, goalnumber);
char[] separator = { ',' };
string[] intervals = result.Split(separator);
BigNumber lower = new BigNumber(intervals[0]);
BigNumber upper = new BigNumber(intervals[1]);
if (tail == 2)
{
significance = significance / 2;
if (CompareNumber.Compare(lower, H0) == -1 && CompareNumber.Compare(upper, H0) == 1)
{
return "不拒绝原假设";
}
else
{
return "拒绝原假设";
}
}
else if (tail == -1)//左单尾
{
significance = significance / 1;
if (CompareNumber.Compare(lower, H0) == -1)
{
return "不拒绝原假设";
}
else
{
return "拒绝原假设";
}
}
else//右单尾
{
significance = significance / 1;
if (CompareNumber.Compare(upper, H0) == -1)
{
return "拒绝原假设";
}
else
{
return "不拒绝原假设";
}
}
}
/// <summary>获取第一个除数</summary>
static List<int> GetFirstDiv(BigNumber value, ref List<int> div, ref int index) {
//这里有待加入对0.02和0.002的考虑
if (value.IntPart.Count == 1 && value.IntPart[0] == 0) {
List<int> result = new List<int>();
result.Add(0);
while (true) {
if (value.DecimalPart[index] != 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < index / 2; i++) {
result.Add(0);
}
//0.005
if (index % 2 == 0) {
div.Add(value.DecimalPart[index]);
if (index + 1 < value.DecimalPart.Count) {
div.Add(value.DecimalPart[index + 1]);
} else {
div.Add(0);
}
}
//0.05
else {
div.Add(value.DecimalPart[index]);
}
index++;
break;
}
index++;
if (index == value.DecimalPart.Count)
break;
}
index++;
return result;
} else {
//如果是偶数则第一次取两位
if (value.IntPart.Count % 2 == 0) {
div = value.IntPart.GetRange(0, 2);
index = 2;
}
//是奇数则只取一位
else {
div = value.IntPart.GetRange(0, 1);
index = 1;
}
return new List<int>();
}
}
static BigNumber Proportion(BigNumber[] NumberSeries,BigNumber goalnumber)
{ int n = NumberSeries.Length;
BigNumber count= new BigNumber("0");
BigNumber goal= new BigNumber(goalnumber.ToString());
for (int i = 0; i< n; i++ )
{
if (CompareNumber.Compare(NumberSeries[i],goal) == 0)
{
count = count + new BigNumber("1");
}
else
{
count = count + new BigNumber("0");
}
}
return count / new BigNumber(n.ToString());
}//计算目标样本比例p
static int ComparePlus( BigNumber one, BigNumber two )
{
BigCalculate.RemoveStartZero( one.IntPart );
BigCalculate.RemoveStartZero( two.IntPart );
int minDecimalLength = one.DecimalPart.Count < two.DecimalPart.Count ? one.DecimalPart.Count : two.DecimalPart.Count;
//通过正数的长短比较
if ( one.IntPart.Count > two.IntPart.Count )
return 1;
else if ( one.IntPart.Count < two.IntPart.Count )
return -1;
else
{
//从最高位依次比较
for ( int i = 0; i < one.IntPart.Count; i++ )
{
if ( one.IntPart[i] > two.IntPart[i] )
return 1;
else if ( one.IntPart[i] < two.IntPart[i] )
return -1;
}
//比较小数部分，行判断是否有小数位
if ( one.DecimalPart .Count == 0 && two.DecimalPart .Count != 0 )
return -1;
else if ( one.DecimalPart .Count != 0 && two.DecimalPart .Count == 0 )
return 1;
else if ( one.DecimalPart .Count == 0 && two.DecimalPart .Count == 0 )
return 0;
else
{
for ( int i = 0; i < minDecimalLength; i++ )
{
if ( one.DecimalPart[i] > two.DecimalPart[i] )
return 1;
else if ( one.DecimalPart[i] < two.DecimalPart[i] )
return -1;
}
if ( one.DecimalPart .Count > two.DecimalPart .Count )
return 1;
else if ( one.DecimalPart .Count < two.DecimalPart .Count )
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
}
static string round(string number, int digits)
{
int NumOriginLen = number.Length;
char[] digit_dot = { '.' };
string[] NumberBroken;
NumberBroken = number.Split(digit_dot);
if (digits < 0)
{
digits = 0;
}
if (NumberBroken[0].Length == NumOriginLen)
{
return NumberBroken[0] + ".".PadRight(digits + 1, '0');
}
else
{
string decimal_part = " ";
BigNumber zero_point_one = new BigNumber("0.1");
BigNumber one = new BigNumber("1");
if (NumberBroken[1].Length > digits)
{
if (Convert.ToInt32(NumberBroken[1].Substring(digits, 1)) > 4)
{
BigNumber carry = new BigNumber(digits.ToString());
carry = zero_point_one.Power(carry, 200);
BigNumber number_changed = new BigNumber(number);
number_changed = number_changed + carry;
return number_changed.ToString().Substring(0, NumOriginLen - (NumberBroken[1].Length - digits));
}
else
{
decimal_part = NumberBroken[1].Substring(0, digits);
}
}
else
{
decimal_part = NumberBroken[1].PadRight(digits, '0');
}
return NumberBroken[0] + '.' + decimal_part;
}
}
public static int Compare( BigNumber one, BigNumber two)
{
if ( one.IsPlus && two.IsPlus )
{
return ComparePlus(one,two );
}
else if ( one.IsPlus && !two.IsPlus )
{
return 1;
}
else if ( !one.IsPlus && two.IsPlus )
{
return -1;
}
else
{
return ( -1 ) * ComparePlus(one ,two );
}
}
// GET api/values/5
public Object Get(int id)
{
Invocations++;
Trace.TraceInformation("Otro cliente al que atender.");
if (id < 10)
{ var ex = new ArgumentException("Requerida una precisión superior a 10.");
// Telemetría para App Insights
var telemetry = new TelemetryClient();
var telemetryInfo = new Dictionary<string, string>
{ { "invocaciones", Convert.ToString(Invocations) } };
var telemetryMeasurements = new Dictionary<string, double>
{ { "digitos", id } };
telemetry.TrackException(ex, telemetryInfo, telemetryMeasurements);
// Mensaje para Applications Logs
Trace.TraceError("El cliente anda despistado.");
throw ex;
}
BigNumber x = new BigNumber(id);
BigNumber y = new BigNumber(id);
x.ArcTan(16, 5);
y.ArcTan(4, 239);
x.Subtract(y);
string pi = x.AsPrintableString();
if (pi.Length > 1000)
{
Trace.TraceWarning("Resultado de " + pi.Length + " caracteres!");
}
var resultado = new
{
pi = pi,
invocations = Invocations
};
return resultado;
}
/// <summary>加</summary>
public static BigNumber Add(BigNumber one, BigNumber two) {
BigNumber oneAbsolute = one.AbsoluteNumber;
BigNumber twoAbsolute = two.AbsoluteNumber;
//正数加正数
if (one.IsPlus && two.IsPlus) {
return PlusAdd(one, two);
}
//正数加负数
else if (one.IsPlus && !two.IsPlus) {
return Minus(oneAbsolute, twoAbsolute);
}
//负数加正数
else if (!one.IsPlus && two.IsPlus) {
return Add(two, one);
}
//负数加负数
else if (!one.IsPlus && !two.IsPlus) {
BigNumber result = PlusAdd(one.AbsoluteNumber, two.AbsoluteNumber);
return new BigNumber(result.IntPart, result.DecimalPart, false);
}
throw new Exception("不可能到达的地方");
}
public static RsaKeyPair GenerateRsaPrivateKey(int bits = 2048, BigNumber e = null,
RsaKeyGeneratorCallback cb = null, object cbArg = null)
{
if (e == null)
e = E_F4;
using (var rsa = new RSA())
{
BigNumber.GeneratorHandler cbWrapper = null;
if (cb != null)
cbWrapper = (x,y,z) => cb(x,y,z);
Cipher enc = null;
string pwd = null;
PasswordHandler pwdCb = null;
// If we choose to encrypt:
// Cipher.DES_CBC;
// Cipher.DES_EDE3_CBC;
// Cipher.Idea_CBC;
// Cipher.AES_128_CBC;
// Cipher.AES_192_CBC;
// Cipher.AES_256_CBC;
// and pwd != null || pwdCb != null
// We can use a pwdCb to get a password interactively or we can
// simply pass in a fixed password string (no cbPwd, just pwd)
if (pwd != null)
pwdCb = DefaultPasswordHandler;
// Ref: http://openssl.org/docs/manmaster/crypto/RSA_generate_key_ex.html
rsa.GenerateKeys(bits, e, cbWrapper, cbArg);
using (var bio = BIO.MemoryBuffer())
{
// Ref: http://openssl.org/docs/manmaster/crypto/PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey.html
rsa.WritePrivateKey(bio, enc, pwdCb, pwd);
return new RsaKeyPair(bits, e.ToHexString(), bio.ReadString());
}
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("请输入你要输入数字个数：");
int n = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("请输入一列数，用逗号分隔：");
string number_series = Console.ReadLine();
char[] separator = {','};
string[] numbers = number_series.Split(separator);
BigNumber[] x = new BigNumber[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
x[i] = new BigNumber(numbers[i]);
}
//Console.WriteLine(Mean(x).ToString());
Sort(x.Length, x);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}",x[i]);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static BigNumber[,] MatPlus(BigNumber[,] mat1, BigNumber[,] mat2)
{//矩阵加法
int len11 = mat1.GetLength(0);
int len12 = mat1.GetLength(1);
int len21 = mat2.GetLength(0);
int len22 = mat2.GetLength(1);
if (len11 == len21 && len12 == len22)
{
BigNumber[,] a = new BigNumber[len11, len12];
for (int i = 0; i < len11; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < len12; j++)
{
a[i, j] = mat1[i, j] + mat2[i, j];
}
}
return a;
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("请输入你要输入数字个数：");
int n = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("请输入一列数，用逗号分隔：");
string number_series = Console.ReadLine();
char[] separator = { ',' };
string[] numbers = number_series.Split(separator);
BigNumber[] x = new BigNumber[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
x[i] = new BigNumber(numbers[i]);
}
Console.WriteLine(Stat.Mean(x).ToString());
Stat.Sort(x.Length, x);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}", x[i]);
}
Console.WriteLine("数列的中位数是：{0}", Stat.Quantile(x, 0.5).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("这列数的方差是：{0}", Stat.Variance(x));
Console.WriteLine("对方差进行四舍五入，取3位小数：{0}", MathV.round(Stat.Variance(x).ToString(), 3, 0));
Console.ReadKey();
}
/// <summary>
/// Default constructor
/// </summary>
/// <param name="publicKey"></param>
public Encryption()
{
Multiplier = 0;
Modulus = 0;
}
public void Should_throw_exception_when_changing_inner_char(string value, int index, string newElementValue)
{
var bigNumber = new BigNumber(value);
Assert.Throws <FormatException>(() => bigNumber[index] = newElementValue[0]);
}
private static BigNumber CreateNumber(params int[] numbers)
{
return(BigNumber.FromBytes(numbers));
}
public void Constructor_NumbersIsEmpty()
{
Assert.Throws(typeof(ArgumentException), () => BigNumber.FromBytes(new int[0]));
}
public ClickReward(BigNumber moneyToAdd)
{
MoneyToAdd = moneyToAdd;
}
private static int[] Sum(int[] firstArray, int[] secondArray, BigNumber firstNumber, BigNumber secondNumber)
{
int temp = 0;
var resultArray = new int[firstNumber.sourceNumber.Length];
for (int n = 0; n < firstNumber.sourceNumber.Length; n++)
{
if ((n + 1) <= secondNumber.sourceNumber.Length)
{
if (n < firstNumber.sourceNumber.Length - 1)
{
resultArray[n] = (firstArray[n] + secondArray[n] + temp) % 10;
temp = (firstArray[n] + secondArray[n] + temp) / 10;
}
else
{
resultArray[n] = firstArray[n] + secondArray[n] + temp;
}
}
else
{
if (n < firstNumber.sourceNumber.Length - 1)
{
resultArray[n] = (firstArray[n] + temp) % 10;
temp = (firstArray[n] + temp) / 10;
}
else
{
resultArray[n] = firstArray[n] + temp;
}
}
}
return(resultArray);
}
public void Should_return_default_BigNumber()
{
var bigNumber = new BigNumber();
bigNumber.ToString().ShouldBe("0.0");
}
public override string ToString()
{
return(BigNumber.FormatBigDouble(this, null, null));
}
private static BigNumber[][] StringToBigNumber(string[,] str, int n, string Record)
{
//这个函数可以将字符串数组转化为BigNumber的锯齿型数组
//n为变量数
BigNumber[][] data = new BigNumber[n][];
int q;
int i = 0, j = 0;
//GetLength(0),0代表的行数,1代表的列数
int data_row = 0;
int data_column;
int str_empty_counts;
//AllEmpty的情况应该事先测试好；
char[] separator = { ',' };
string[] RecordNumbers = Record.Split(separator);
int Empty;
int data_Counts = 0;
//data_Counts用来给data计数，因为data的行数不能用i表示
//i表示字符串数组的行，j表示列
//先固定j，然后一行一行往下检测
for (j = 0; j < str.GetLength(1); j++)
{
data_column = 0;
Empty = 0;
//利用foreach语句确认本列是否为空列，有空列则Empty记为1
foreach (string FindEmptyColumn in RecordNumbers)
{
//MessageBox.Show("FindEmptyColumn = " + FindEmptyColumn );
if (FindEmptyColumn == j.ToString())
{
Empty = 1;
//MessageBox.Show("发现空列");
}
}
if (Empty == 0)
{
//如果Empty为0则不是空列，准备读数据
str_empty_counts = 0;
//要计算第j列字符串中的空字符单元格数量
for (q = 0; q < str.GetLength(0); q++)
{
if (str[q, j] == null)
{
str_empty_counts++;
}
else if (str[q, j].Trim() == "")
{
str_empty_counts++;
}
}
data[data_Counts] = new BigNumber[str.GetLength(0) - str_empty_counts];
data_Counts++;
//对数组进行初始化
for (i = 0; i < str.GetLength(0); i++)
{
if (str[i, j] != null)
{
if (str[i, j].Trim() != "")
{
//MessageBox.Show("i = " + i + "j = " + j + "录入BigNumber的值 = " + str[i, j]+"data_row = "+data_row + "data_column = "+data_column );
data[data_row][data_column] = new BigNumber(str[i, j].Trim());
data_column++;
}
}
}
data_row++;
}
}
return(data);
}
public override PrivateKey GeneratePrivateKey(PrivateKeyParams pkp)
{
var rsaPkParams = pkp as RsaPrivateKeyParams;
var ecPkParams = pkp as EcPrivateKeyParams;
if (rsaPkParams != null)
{
int bits;
// Bits less than 1024 are weak Ref: http://openssl.org/docs/manmaster/crypto/RSA_generate_key_ex.html
if (rsaPkParams.NumBits < 1024)
{
bits = RSA_BITS_DEFAULT;
}
else
{
bits = rsaPkParams.NumBits;
}
BigNumber e;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rsaPkParams.PubExp))
{
e = RSA_E_F4;
}
else if (rsaPkParams.PubExp.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
e = BigNumber.FromHexString(rsaPkParams.PubExp);
}
else
{
e = BigNumber.FromDecimalString(rsaPkParams.PubExp);
}
using (var rsa = new RSA())
{
BigNumber.GeneratorHandler cbWrapper = null;
if (rsaPkParams.Callback != null)
{
cbWrapper = (x, y, z) => rsaPkParams.Callback(x, y, z);
}
Cipher enc = null;
string pwd = null;
PasswordHandler pwdCb = null;
// If we choose to encrypt:
// Cipher.DES_CBC;
// Cipher.DES_EDE3_CBC;
// Cipher.Idea_CBC;
// Cipher.AES_128_CBC;
// Cipher.AES_192_CBC;
// Cipher.AES_256_CBC;
// and pwd != null || pwdCb != null
// We can use a pwdCb to get a password interactively or we can
// simply pass in a fixed password string (no cbPwd, just pwd)
if (pwd != null)
{
pwdCb = DefaultPasswordHandler;
}
// Ref: http://openssl.org/docs/manmaster/crypto/RSA_generate_key_ex.html
rsa.GenerateKeys(bits, e, cbWrapper, rsaPkParams.CallbackArg);
using (var bio = BIO.MemoryBuffer())
{
// Ref: http://openssl.org/docs/manmaster/crypto/PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey.html
rsa.WritePrivateKey(bio, enc, pwdCb, pwd);
return(new RsaPrivateKey(bits, e.ToHexString(), bio.ReadString()));
}
}
}
else if (ecPkParams != null)
{
throw new NotImplementedException("EC private keys have not yet been implemented");
//var curveName = Asn1Object.FromShortName("P-256");
////var curveName = new Asn1Object("P-256");
//using (var ec =OpenSSL.Crypto.EC.Key.FromCurveName(curveName))
//{
// ec.GenerateKey();
//}
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException("unsupported private key parameter type");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Если число вероятно простое, то возвращается true.
/// </summary>
private bool PrimeTestNumber(BigNumber number)
{
return(!multiplicityChecker.Check(number) && primeTest.CheckPrimality(number));
}
public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)
{
return(BigNumber.FormatBigDouble(this, format, formatProvider));
}
public string ToString(string format)
{
return(BigNumber.FormatBigDouble(this, format, null));
}
private static IEnumerable <TestCaseData> TestCasesForDifference()
{
var value_1 = 1.56843;
var value_2 = 3.65766;
var defaultPow = 1;
for (var pow = 1; pow < 200; pow++)
{
//same number but different pows
var expectedResult_1 = (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, defaultPow)) - (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, pow));
var bigNumber_1 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = defaultPow
};
var bigNumber_2 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = pow
};
yield return(new TestCaseData(bigNumber_1, bigNumber_2, expectedResult_1).SetName($"[0]Check diff operator {bigNumber_1} - {bigNumber_2} = {expectedResult_1}"));
var expectedResult_2 = (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, pow)) - (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, defaultPow));
var bigNumber_3 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = pow
};
var bigNumber_4 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = defaultPow
};
yield return(new TestCaseData(bigNumber_3, bigNumber_4, expectedResult_2).SetName($"[1]Check diff operator {bigNumber_3} - {bigNumber_4} = {expectedResult_2}"));
//same pow but different numbers
var expectedResult_3 = (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, pow)) - (value_2 * Math.Pow(10, pow));
var bigNumber_5 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = pow
};
var bigNumber_6 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_2, PowOfTen = pow
};
yield return(new TestCaseData(bigNumber_5, bigNumber_6, expectedResult_3).SetName($"[2]Check diff operator {bigNumber_5} - {bigNumber_6} = {expectedResult_3}"));
var expectedResult_4 = (value_2 * Math.Pow(10, pow)) - (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, pow));
var bigNumber_7 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_2, PowOfTen = pow
};
var bigNumber_8 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = pow
};
yield return(new TestCaseData(bigNumber_7, bigNumber_8, expectedResult_4).SetName($"[3]Check diff operator {bigNumber_7} - {bigNumber_8} = {expectedResult_4}"));
//different pow and different number
var expectedResult_5 = (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, pow)) - (value_2 * Math.Pow(10, pow - 1));
var bigNumber_9 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = pow
};
var bigNumber_10 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_2, PowOfTen = pow - 1
};
yield return(new TestCaseData(bigNumber_9, bigNumber_10, expectedResult_5).SetName($"[4]Check diff operator {bigNumber_9} - {bigNumber_10} = {expectedResult_5}"));
var expectedResult_6 = (value_2 * Math.Pow(10, pow)) - (value_1 * Math.Pow(10, pow - 1));
var bigNumber_11 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_2, PowOfTen = pow
};
var bigNumber_12 = new BigNumber()
{
Number = value_1, PowOfTen = pow - 1
};
yield return(new TestCaseData(bigNumber_11, bigNumber_12, expectedResult_6).SetName($"[5]Check diff operator {bigNumber_11} - {bigNumber_12} = {expectedResult_6}"));
}
}
static string round(string number, int digits, int type)
{
//type为0时四舍五入，1为ground，2为ceiling
int NumOriginLen = number.Length;
char[] digit_dot = { '.' };
string[] NumberBroken;
NumberBroken = number.Split(digit_dot);
if (digits < 0)
{
digits = 0;
}
if (NumberBroken[0].Length == NumOriginLen)
{
if (digits <= 0)
{
return(number);
}
else
{
return(NumberBroken[0] + ".".PadRight(digits + 1, '0'));
}
}
else
{
string decimal_part = " ";
BigNumber zero_point_one = new BigNumber("0.1");
BigNumber one = new BigNumber("1");
if (NumberBroken[1].Length > digits)
{
if (type == 1)
{
decimal_part = NumberBroken[1].Substring(0, digits);
}
else if (type == 2)
{
BigNumber carry = new BigNumber(digits.ToString());
carry = zero_point_one.Power(carry, 200);
BigNumber number_changed = new BigNumber(number);
number_changed = number_changed + carry;
if (digits <= 0)
{
return(number_changed.ToString().Substring(0, NumberBroken[0].Length));
}
return(number_changed.ToString().Substring(0, NumOriginLen - (NumberBroken[1].Length - digits)));
}
else
{
if (Convert.ToInt32(NumberBroken[1].Substring(digits, 1)) > 4)
{
BigNumber carry = new BigNumber(digits.ToString());
carry = zero_point_one.Power(carry, 200);
BigNumber number_changed = new BigNumber(number);
number_changed = number_changed + carry;
return(number_changed.ToString().Substring(0, NumOriginLen - (NumberBroken[1].Length - digits)));
}
else
{
decimal_part = NumberBroken[1].Substring(0, digits);
}
}
}
else
{
decimal_part = NumberBroken[1].PadRight(digits, '0');
}
if (decimal_part == "")
{
return(NumberBroken[0]);
}
return(NumberBroken[0] + '.' + decimal_part);
}
}
private string Serialize(BigNumber number)
{
return(serializer.Serialize(number));
}
private void CreateInput()
{
while (true)
{
bool inputQueueIsLow = false;
lock (_kernelInput) { inputQueueIsLow = _kernelInput.Count < 300; }
if (inputQueueIsLow)
{
int num_exps = (get_der_len(EXP_MAX) - get_der_len(EXP_MIN) + 1);
KernelInput input = new KernelInput(num_exps);
profiler.StartRegion("generate key");
input.Rsa.GenerateKey(keySize); // Generate a key
profiler.EndRegion("generate key");
// Build DERs and calculate midstates for exponents of representitive lengths
profiler.StartRegion("cpu precompute");
int cur_exp_num = 0;
BigNumber[] Exps = new BigNumber[num_exps];
bool skip_flag = false;
for (int i = get_der_len(EXP_MIN); i <= get_der_len(EXP_MAX); i++)
{
ulong exp = (ulong)0x01 << (int)((i - 1) * 8);
// Set the exponent in the RSA key
// NO SANITY CHECK - just for building a DER
input.Rsa.Rsa.PublicExponent = (BigNumber)exp;
Exps[cur_exp_num] = (BigNumber)exp;
// Get the DER
byte[] der = input.Rsa.DER;
int exp_index = der.Length % 64 - i;
if (kernel_type == KernelType.Optimized4_9)
{
if (exp_index != 9) // exponent index assumed to be 9 in the kernel
{
Console.WriteLine("Exponent index doesn't match - skipping key");
skip_flag = true;
break;
}
if (i != 4) // exponent length assumed to be 4 in the kernel
{
Console.WriteLine("Exponent length doesn't match - skipping key");
skip_flag = true;
break;
}
}
else if (kernel_type == KernelType.Optimized4_11)
{
if (exp_index != 11) // exponent index assumed to be 9 in the kernel
{
Console.WriteLine("Exponent index doesn't match - skipping key");
skip_flag = true;
break;
}
if (i != 4) // exponent length assumed to be 4 in the kernel
{
Console.WriteLine("Exponent length doesn't match - skipping key");
skip_flag = true;
break;
}
}
// Put the DER into Ws
SHA1 Sha1 = new SHA1();
List <uint[]> Ws = Sha1.DataToPaddedBlocks(der);
// Put all but the last block through the hash
Ws.Take(Ws.Count - 1).Select((t) =>
{
Sha1.SHA1_Block(t);
return(t);
}).ToArray();
// Put the midstate, the last W block, and the byte index of the exponent into the CL buffers
Sha1.H.CopyTo(input.Midstates, 5 * cur_exp_num);
Ws.Last().Take(16).ToArray().CopyTo(input.LastWs, 16 * cur_exp_num);
input.ExpIndexes[cur_exp_num] = exp_index;
// Increment the current exponent size
cur_exp_num++;
break;
}
profiler.EndRegion("cpu precompute");
if (skip_flag)
{
continue; // we got a bad key - don't enqueue it
}
List <KernelInput> inputs = new List <KernelInput>();
inputs.Add(input);
for (uint i = 1; i < (EXP_MAX - EXP_MIN) / 2 / workSize - 1; i++)
{
profiler.StartRegion("generate key");
if (EXP_MIN + workSize * 2 * i >= EXP_MAX)
{
throw new ArgumentException("base_exp > EXP_MAX");
}
inputs.Add(new KernelInput(input, EXP_MIN + workSize * 2 * i));
profiler.EndRegion("generate key");
}
lock (_kernelInput) //put input on queue
{
foreach (KernelInput i in inputs)
{
_kernelInput.Push(i);
}
}
continue; //skip the sleep cause we might be really low
}
Thread.Sleep(50);
}
}
private string SerializeKey(BigNumber first, BigNumber second)
{
return(string.Format("{0}#{1}", Serialize(first), Serialize(second)));
}
public void BigNumberConstructor()
{
var op1 = new BigNumber();
var op2 = new BigNumber("21389101312");
}
public void GetAffineCoordinatesGFp(BigNumber x, BigNumber y, BigNumber.Context ctx)
{
Native.ExpectSuccess(
Native.EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp(this.group.Handle, this.ptr, x.Handle, y.Handle, ctx.Handle)
);
}
public void BigNumberFirst()
{
var op1 = new BigNumber("12345");
Console.WriteLine(op1.First.Value);
}
public void BigNumberWrite()
{
var op1 = new BigNumber("123123213");
op1.Write();
}
public TimeReward(IUpgradeSystem upgrades, float time)
{
MoneyToAdd = upgrades.MoneyPerSec * time;
}
private static void CheckNumber(BigNumber number, params int[] expectedNumbers)
{
TestHelper.CheckNumber(number, expectedNumbers);
}
public void CheckDivide(BigNumber a, BigNumber b, double expectedResult)
{
var resultOfSum = a / b;
Assert.AreEqual(expectedResult, resultOfSum.Number * Math.Pow(10, resultOfSum.PowOfTen), expectedResult * delta);
}
public void IsEven_NumberIs3()
{
var number = BigNumber.FromInt(3);
Assert.IsFalse(number.IsEven);
}
public void CheckPow(BigNumber a, int pow, double expectedResult)
{
var resultOfPow = BigNumber.Pow(a, pow);
Assert.AreEqual(expectedResult, resultOfPow.Number * Math.Pow(10, resultOfPow.PowOfTen), expectedResult * delta);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//目标为控制位数在10位
string Number;
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字");
Number = Console.ReadLine();
Number = Number.Trim();
int CountDecimalPoint = 0;
int ScientificNumber;
string ScientificNotation = "";
int digits_part;
BigNumber NumberProcess = new BigNumber("0");
string ProcessedNumber;
char[] separator = { '.' };
//用于分割小数点
string[] NumberParts = new string[2];
int IsNegative = 0;
//用来判定数字是否为负
int zero_count = 0;
//用于计算小数点后有多少个零
NumberParts = Number.Split(separator);
if (NumberParts[0].Length + 5 > 10)
//四位小数加上1个小数点
{
if (Number[0] == '-'){
IsNegative = 1;
}
foreach (char FindDecimalPoint in Number)
{
if (FindDecimalPoint == '.')
{
CountDecimalPoint = 1;
break;
}
}
if (CountDecimalPoint == 0)
{
//无小数点则只有整数部分
ScientificNumber = Number.Length - IsNegative - 1;
//转换为科学计数法
//Console.WriteLine("ScientificNumber = {0}", ScientificNumber);
if (ScientificNumber <= 9 && ScientificNumber > 0)
{
ScientificNotation = "0" + ScientificNumber.ToString();
//如果科学计数法为个位要补零
}
else
{
ScientificNotation = ScientificNumber.ToString();
}
//数字正负无需考虑
if (ScientificNotation.Length + 1 + 2 <= 9)
{
//例如：-3.1415E+05
//数字负号占一位，E和科学计数法的符号占两位
//大于9的情况不做考虑，数字太大。
digits_part = 9 - (ScientificNotation.Length + 1 + 2);
//小数位由此算出
NumberProcess = new BigNumber (Number.ToString()) / (new BigNumber("10")).Power(new BigNumber(ScientificNumber.ToString()),30);
//Console.WriteLine("ScientificNotation = {0},digits_part = {1},NumberProcess = {2}", ScientificNotation, digits_part, NumberProcess.ToString());
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(NumberProcess.ToString(), digits_part, 0) + "E+"+ScientificNotation ;
//Console.WriteLine("ProcessedNumber ={0}", ProcessedNumber);
}
else
{
//如果已经大于已经大于九位了，则不作处理
//这种情况极为罕见，不考虑
NumberProcess = new BigNumber(Number.ToString()) / (new BigNumber("10")).Power(new BigNumber(ScientificNumber.ToString()), 30);
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(NumberProcess.ToString(), 0, 0) + "E+" + ScientificNotation;
}
}
else
{
//有小数点的情况
NumberParts = Number.Split(separator);
if (NumberParts[0] != "0")
{
if (NumberParts[0].Length + 1 + 4 >= 9)
{
//如果保留四位小数之后依旧总长度超过九，则进行如下操作
//判断整数部分是否为0
//如果不为0，继续科学计数法的处理，舍去小数部分
ScientificNumber = NumberParts[0].Length - IsNegative - 1;
//转换为科学计数法
if (ScientificNumber <= 9 && ScientificNumber > 0)
{
ScientificNotation = "0" + ScientificNumber.ToString();
//如果科学计数法为个位要补零
}
else
{
ScientificNotation = ScientificNumber.ToString();
}
//数字正负无需考虑
if (ScientificNotation.Length + 1 + 2 <= 9)
{
//例如：-3.1415E+05
//数字负号占一位，E和科学计数法的符号占两位
//大于9的情况不做考虑，数字太大。
digits_part = 9 - (ScientificNotation.Length + 1 + 2);
//小数位由此算出
NumberProcess = new BigNumber(Number.ToString()) / (new BigNumber("10")).Power(new BigNumber(ScientificNumber.ToString()), 30);
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(NumberProcess.ToString(), digits_part, 0) + "E+" + ScientificNotation;
}
else
{
//如果已经大于已经大于九位了，则不作处理
//这种情况极为罕见，不考虑
NumberProcess = new BigNumber(Number.ToString()) / (new BigNumber("10")).Power(new BigNumber(ScientificNumber.ToString()), 30);
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(NumberProcess.ToString(), 0, 0) + "E+" + ScientificNotation;
}
}
else
{
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(Number, 4, 0);
}
}
else
{
zero_count = 0;
foreach (char EachDigit in NumberParts[1])
{
if (EachDigit == '0')
{
zero_count++;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
ScientificNumber = zero_count + 1;
//科学计数法的数字为零的个数加1
if (ScientificNumber <= 9 && ScientificNumber > 0)
{
ScientificNotation = "0" + ScientificNumber.ToString();
//如果科学计数法为个位要补零
}
else
{
ScientificNotation = ScientificNumber.ToString();
}
if (ScientificNotation.Length + 1 + 2 <= 9)
{
//例如：-2.654E-05
//数字负号占一位，E和科学计数法的符号占两位
//大于9的情况不做考虑，数字太大。
digits_part = 9 - (ScientificNotation.Length + 1 + 2);
//小数位由此算出
NumberProcess = new BigNumber(Number.ToString()) * (new BigNumber("10")).Power(new BigNumber(ScientificNumber.ToString()), 30);
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(NumberProcess.ToString(), digits_part, 0) + "E-" + ScientificNotation;
}
else
{
//如果已经大于已经大于九位了，则不作处理
//这种情况极为罕见，不考虑
NumberProcess = new BigNumber(Number.ToString()) * (new BigNumber("10")).Power(new BigNumber(ScientificNumber.ToString()), 30);
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(NumberProcess.ToString(), 0, 0) + "E-" + ScientificNotation;
}
}
}
}
else {
ProcessedNumber = MathV.round(Number,4,0);
//如果本身长度就在十个单位以内，则不作处理
//保留四位小数
}
if (ProcessedNumber.Length < 11)
{
ProcessedNumber = ProcessedNumber.PadLeft(11, ' ');
//11个单位的长度是为了预留量
}
Console.WriteLine("ProcessedNumber={0}", ProcessedNumber);
Console.ReadKey();
}
public void CheckLow(BigNumber a, BigNumber b, bool expectedResult)
{
var result = a < b;
Assert.AreEqual(expectedResult, result);
}
/// <summary>
/// Calls RSA_generate_key_ex()
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bits"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
/// <param name="callback"></param>
/// <param name="arg"></param>
public void GenerateKeys(int bits, BigNumber e, BigNumber.GeneratorHandler callback, object arg)
{
this.thunk = new BigNumber.GeneratorThunk(callback, arg);
Native.ExpectSuccess(Native.RSA_generate_key_ex(this.ptr, bits, e.Handle, this.thunk.CallbackStruct));
}
public void Should_parse_BigNumber_initial_value(string number, string returnValue)
{
var bigNumber = new BigNumber(number);
bigNumber.ToString().ShouldBe(returnValue);
}
